Microparasitology and Public Health Flashcards
(243 cards)
1
Q
Recurrent fever/ Borreliorosis
A
Borrelia recurentis
2
Q
Sector of B. Recurentis
A
Body louse
3
Q
CA of Lyme disease
A
burgdorferi
4
Q
Polt’s disease
A
Spinal TB
5
Q
Ghon complex
A
Primary PTB
6
Q
Balanced growth
A
Stationary phase
7
Q
Target of Bacterioidal
A
Log phase/ exponential
8
Q
Penicillium notatum
A
Penicillin
9
Q
Penicillium griseofulvin
A
Griseofulvin
10
Q
Streptomyces noursei
A
Nystatin
11
Q
Streptomyces orientalis
A
Vancomycin
12
Q
Animalcules
A
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
13
Q
Streptomyces griseus
A
Streptomycin
14
Q
Streptomyces erythreus
A
Erythromycin
15
Q
Bacillus subtilis
A
Bacitracin
16
Q
Cold loving
A
Psychro/cryophile
17
Q
Cell theory
A
Robert Hooke
18
Q
Moderate temp
A
Mesophile
19
Q
Swan neck/ Goose neck flask experiment
A
Louis Pasteur
20
Q
Home pasteurization
A
60°C for 30 minutes
21
Q
High temp, short temp pasteurization
A
72°C x 15 mins
22
Q
Ultra high temp pasteurization
A
140°C x 4 seconds
23
Q
Milk borne pathogens
A
Mycobacterium bovis
Salmonella spp
Streptococcus spp
24
Q
Heterolactic
A
Lactic acid
CO2
Ethanol
25
Father of Modern Micro
Paul Erlich
26
Antibacterial Chemotherapy
Paul Erlich
27
Magic bullet
606/Arsphenamine/Salvarsan
28
Treponema pallidum is causative agent of
Syphilis
29
Discovery of Penicillin
Alexander Fleming
30
Isolation of Penicillin
Florey and Chain
31
Discovered Bacillus anthracis
Robert Koch
32
Normal flora in Mouth
Viridans streptococcus
33
Normal flora in Colon/large intestines
BBELS
Bifidobacterium spp.
Bacteriodes spp.
E. Coli
Lactobacillus spp.
34
pH of fungi
5.5 to 6.5 (acidic)
35
Normal flora in urethra
Lactobacillus spp.
36
Normal flora in skin
Staphylococcus epidermidis
37
Circular genetics
Prokaryote
38
Single chromosome
Prokaryote
39
No organelle
Prokaryote
40
Ribosome subunit 70s, 50s, 30s
Prokaryote
41
Binary fission
Prokaryote
42
Arachebacteria
Prokaryote
43
True nucleus
Eukaryotes
44
Enzymes to fight free radicals
Superoxide dismutase
Peroxidase
Catalase
45
Obligated aerobe examples
PMNL
Pseudomonas
Mycobacterium
No adiabatic
Leostipira
46
Linear
Eukaryotes
47
Multiple chromosome
Eukaryotes
48
Membrane-bound organelles
Eukaryotes
49
Ribosome 80s, 60s, 40s
Eukaryotes
50
Mitosis
Eukaryotes
51
Red tide poisoning
Dinoflagellates
52
Obligated anaerobe
ABC
Actinomyces
Bacteriodes
Clostridium
53
High temp
Thermophile
54
Salt loving organism
Halophile
55
✅️ Superoxide dismutase
✅️ Peroxidase
❌️ Catalase
Aerotolerant anaerobe
56
⬇️ Superoxide dismutase
⬇️ Peroxidase
⬇️ Catalase
Microaerophile
57
✅️ Superoxide dismutase
✅️ Peroxidase
✅️ Catalase
Obligated aerobe
58
❌️ Superoxide dismutase
❌️ Peroxidase
❌️ Catalase
Obligated anaerobe
59
✅️Superoxide dismutase
❌️Peroxidase
✅️Catalase
Facultative anaerobe
60
Facultative anaerobe
E. Coli
61
Aerotolerant anaerobe
Lactobacillus
Propionic bacterium
62
Microaerophile
Leptospira (Obligated aerobe)
Treponema
Borellia
63
Savior of all mothers
Ignaz Semmelweiss
64
Removal of all forms of organisms
Sterilization
65
Alive spores/kill vegetative
Disinfection
66
Animate objects
Antiseptic
67
Inanimate object
Disinfectant
68
Moist heat
Autoclave - coagulation (MOA)
69
Ok for autoclave
Water
Glasses
Culture medium
70
Limit for autoclave
Olive oil
Solvents
71
Bacterial indicator for dry heat
Bacillus subtilis
72
Pore size for Membrane filter
0.2 mcm
73
ok for Membrane filter
Penicillin
vaccine
enzymes
74
Limit for membrane filter
Spirochetes
(LTB)
Leptospira
Treponema
Borellia
Mycoplasma (smallest free living bacteria)
75
HEPA filter (High efficacy particulate air)
removes >0.3 mcm
76
Canning process - envirronment
No O2 - no aerobes (PMNL)
77
Canning process - heating step
No aerobes - Kill ABC
78
Ionizing
x-ray and gamma
79
Ionizing - wavelength
shorter wavelength
80
Ionizing MOA
split molecules drives e- away
81
Non-ionizing
UV
82
Non-ionizing - wavelength
Loger wavelength
83
Non-ionizing MOA
Leads to thymine dimer
84
CC: Alcohol MOA
Denaturation
85
CC: Alcohol examples
Ethanol - 70%
ispropyl alcohol
86
CC: Alcohol - Limits
Spores
Clostridium dificille
Naked virus
87
CC: Aldehyde - MOA
Akylation
88
CC: Aldehyde - examples
Formaldehyde and Glutaraldehyde
89
CC: Biguanide - example
Chlorhexidine
90
CC: Biguanide - uses
- for pre-op bath
- for MRSA decolonization
91
CC: Chemical Preservative - examples
Methylparaben, Propylparaben, and Nitrates/Nitrites
92
Methylparaben
Prevent molds
93
Propylparaben
prevent yeast
94
Nitrates/Nitrites
- for preservation
- red color
- prevent grwoth of Clostridium botulinum
95
Nitrates/Nitrites reacts with amine
becomes Nitrosamines (Stomach/esophagus CA)
96
CC: Detergent/soap - MOA
Reduce surface tension
97
CC: Detergent/soap - examples
Quaternary NH4+ salts
Benzalkonium chloride
Cetylpyridium chloride
98
Benzalkonium chloride
Prevent gram+ bacteria
99
CC: Ethylene oxide - MOA
Alylation (e.g. aldehyde)
100
CC: Ethylene oxide - Uses
for gas sterilization
for heat sensitive
101
CC: Heavy metals - MOA
binds sulfhydryl enzymes
102
Has the strongest oligodynamic activity
Silver
103
CC: Hydrogen peroxide - other name
Agua oxinada
104
CC: Hydrogen peroxide - use
for dental instruments to prevent HIV infection
105
Prions: WOF
Creutzfeldt - Jakob
Bovine spongiform encelopathy - Mad Cow disease
106
Used to visualize Syphylis
Darkfield using scrapings
107
Acid - fast stain with heat
Ziehl Neelsen (Ziehl - sizzling)
108
Acid - fast stain without heat
Kinyoun - cold
109
Steps for Ziehl Neelsen
CHAMBA
Carbolfuschin
Heat
Alcohol
Methylene Blue
= Acid fast (Red)
110
Special stains: Nuclei
Feulgen stain
111
Special stains: Capsule
India ink/nigrosin
112
Special stains: Pption using glacial acetic acid
Welch method
113
Special stains: spores
SM BC
Schaeffer - fulton
Malachite green
Bacillus
Clostridium
114
Special stains: Flagella
Carbolfuchsin
115
Gold std. in diagnosis of most bacterial infections
Culture studies
116
CM: Simplest
Basal
117
CM: added nutrient
Enriched
118
CM: prevent growth of undesired organism
Selective
119
CM: classify organisms
Indicator/Differential
120
Reducing medium for anaerobes
Thioglycolate
121
CM: Enriched - example
Lowenstein - Jensen for TB
122
Ferment lactose
Mac Conkey Agar
Eosin Methylene Blue
123
Hemolytic pattern
Blood Agar Plate
124
Symbiosis: both benefited each other
Mutualism
125
Symbiosis: 1 organism benefited while the other does not
Commensalism
126
Symbiosis: 1 organism benefited while the other is harmed
Parasitism
127
Symbiosis: 1 organism benefited while the other dies
Predation
128
Symbiosis: example for Predation
Bdellovibrio bacteriovoms and gram- bacteria
129
Ability to cause disease
Pathogenicity
130
Quantitative ability to cause disease
Virulence
131
Ability to spread
Invasiveness
132
Ability to produce toxin
Toxigenicity
133
Hospital acquired disease (gram-)
Nosocomial
134
Nosocomial infections
ESKAPE
Enterococcus faeciun
Staphylococcus aureus
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Acinetobacter baumanii
Psuedomonas aeruginosa
Enterobacter spp
135
Horizontal contact transmission
-via sexual contact
e.g. Syphilis (Treponema pallidum)
LTB
136
Transplacental spread
Rubella
137
Vertical contact transmission
TORCHES
Toxoplasmosis
Other: varicella
Rubella
Cytomegalovirus
Herpes, Hep B, HIV
Syphilis
138
Vehicle-borne
Airborne = via respiratory
MTV
Measles
Tuberculosis
Varicella
139
Water borne
Cholera
140
Food borne
Salmonellosis
141
Causative agent of Dengue fever
Dengue virus
142
Vector of Dengue fever
Aedes aegypti
143
CA of Malaria
Plasmodium spp
144
Vector of Malaria
Anopheles
145
w/ symptoms
Isolation
146
without symptoms
Quarantine
147
Early s/sx
prodrome
148
peak, w/ disease
Acme
149
decreased symptoms
Decline
150
Recovery
Covalenscent
151
Old + new cases
prevalence
152
New cases
Incidence
153
Patterns of occurence: particular place or group of people
Endemic
154
Patterns of occurence: number of cases is greater than expected frequency
Epidemic
155
Patterns of occurence: small area
Outbreak
156
Patterns of occurence: scattered irregular
Sporadic
157
Increased WBC
Leukocytosis
158
Decreased WBC
Leukopenia
159
Granulocyte
BENg
Basophil
Eosinophil (parasitic)
Neutrophil (bacterial infection)
(Granulocyte)
160
Agranulocyte
LaM
Lymphocyte (viral infection)
(agranulocyte)
Monocyte
161
Antigenic determinant
Epitope
162
Incomplete antigen
Hapten
163
Vaccine that can be given for <6 mos, if Outbreak
Measles vaccine
164
1st recombinant vaccine
1st anticancer vaccine
Hep. B
165
Not be given for those who are allergic in eggs
Influenza
166
Inactived toxin
Toxoid - Diphtheria
- Tetanus
167
Contains H antigen
Flagella
168
Atrichous
Shigella
169
no flagella
Atrichous
170
1 flagella
Monotrichous
171
Monotrichous
Vibrio cholerae
172
Comma-shaped bacteria
Vibrio cholerae
173
Many flagella at one side
Lophotrichous
174
Lophotrichous
Helicobacter pylori
175
One flagella at both sides
Amphitrichous
176
Amphitrichous
Campylobacter jejuni
177
Gullwing shaped
Amphitrichous
178
Many flagella
Peritrichous
179
Peritrichous
E. coli
180
Examples of Capsules
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae
E. coli
Neisseria spp
Streptococcus pneumoniae
181
Spores examples
Bacillus spp
Clostridium spp
182
Jumping genes
antibiotic resistance
transposns
183
negative for catalase test
No bubbles
STREPTOCOCCUS
Blood agar plate
184
Positive for catalase test
Presence of bubbles
STAPHYLOCOCCUS
185
Appear - green
Alpha hemolytic
186
Optochin: R
Viridans strep.
187
Optochin: S
Strep. pneumoniae
188
Complete/clear
Beta-hemolytic
189
Bacitracin: R
Group B strep.
190
Bacitracin: S
Group A strep.
191
No growth: Non Enterococcus
Gamma hemolytic/ non hemolytic
6.5% NaCl
192
Presence of bubbles in catalase test
Staphylococcus
193
(+) clumps in coagulase test
Saphylococcus aureus
194
(-) clumps: coagulase test
"CONS"
COagulative
Negative
Staphylococcus
195
Novobiocin: R
S. saphrophyticus
196
Novobiocin: S
S. epidermidis
197
White colonies
Negative: "CONS"
COagulative
Negative
Staphylococcus
198
(+) clumps: Coagulase test
Staphylococcus aureus
199
Golden yellow colonies
(+) clumps: Coagulase test
200
Staphylococcus aureus: reservoir
Nose (nares)
201
Staphylococcus aureus: VF
PTC
Protein A
Teichoic A (seen in gram+)
Capsule (prevents phagocytosis)
202
Disease seen among IV drug users
Acute endocarditis - tricuspid valve
203
Staphylococcal food poisoning
Salad mayo - s.a.- heat stable - diarrhea (after 4-6 hours)
204
Staphylococcal food poisoning: WTD?
No antibiotic
- Hydration ORS 1:1
205
(+) pneumatocle
S. aureus - Pneumonia
206
Fourth disease
Scalded skin disease
207
STSS
Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome
208
Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome
(+) tampon - contaminate by S. aureus - TSST1 (toxic shock sydrome toxin 1) - (+) t cells (cell mediated) - increase cytokines
209
Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome symptoms
(+) hypotension
(+) rashes
(-) blood culture
210
MSSA
Anti-staph penicillin
Methicilin
Oxacillin
Nafcillin (x) rashes
211
MRSA
Vancomycin (get sample from nose)
212
Vancomycin decolonizes...
Mupirocin
Chlorhexidine
213
VRSA
Linezolid
214
#1 normal skin flora
S. epidermidis
215
forms biofilms = prefers foreign bodies in the body
S. epidermidis
216
Causes stitch abcess (surgical site infection)
S. epidermidis
217
#2 UTI in sexually active young women
S. saphrophyticus
218
#1 cause of UTI
E. coli
219
S. saphrophyticus: sakit mag ihi
Cystitis
220
S. saphrophyticus: sakit mag ihi and may fever
Pyelonephritis
221
222
subacute endocarditis after dental surgery
S. sanguis
223
dental carries
S. mutans
224
brain abcess
S. intermedius
225
Lancet-shaped diplococci
Streptococcus pnuemoniae
226
Streptococcus pnuemoniae: WTD?
B-lactam and Macrolide
227
Streptococcus pnuemoniae prevention
PCV - pneumococcal conjugated vaccine
PPV - pneumococcal polysaccharide
228
Otitis: WTD?
Amoxicillin
229
Strepthroat
Strep. pharyngitis
230
Second disease
Scarlet fever
231
Scarlet fever
(+) sore throat
(+) sandpaper rash
(+) strawberry tongue
232
Rheumatic Heart disease: WOF
JONES CRITERIA
Joint - arthritis
Obviously - heart - carditis
Nodules (SQ)
Erythema marginatum
Sydenham chorea
233
234
Rheumatic Heart disease: WTD?
Penicillin G
235
Rheumatic Heart disease: caused by?
Strep. pyogenes
236
ROT: passage in the vagina
S. agalactiae
237
Gamma/non hemolytic reservoir
Colon/large intestine
238
S. agalactiae: WTD?
GBS (35-37 weeks)
239
If (+) GBS, WTD?
Penicillin
240
WOF in penicillin regarding S. agalactiae
Neonatal sepsis + meningitis
DOC: Ampicillin + Gentamicin
241
Group d streptococcus
Gamma/non hemolytic
242
Endocarditis after abdominal surgery
Enterococcus faecalis
243
Marantic endocarditis
Non-enterococcus (e.g., S. bovis)
