Microscopic Anatomy Flashcards
(144 cards)
1
Q
The prefix “adeno” designates the object as ______
A
gladular
2
Q
In the anterior pituitary, cells with colorless cytoplasm are called _____
A
chomophobes
3
Q
In the anterior pituitary, cells with a stained cytoplasm are called _____
A
chomophils
4
Q
Chromophils in anterior pituitary can be either basophils (red/purple) or acidophils (red/purple)
A
basophils are purple
acidophils are red (pink)
5
Q
Herring Bodies are found in the (anterior/posterior) pituitary
A
posterior
6
Q
Pituicytes are in the (anterior/posterior) pituitary
A
posterior
7
Q
Hormone containing secretory granules can be found in (Pituicytes/Herring Bodies)
A
Herring Bodies
8
Q
From outside to inside, the three layers of the adrenal cortex are the zona ____, ____ and _____
A
zona glomerulosa, zona fasiculata, zona reticularis
G,F,R
9
Q
Without a pituitary, the adrenal gland (shrinks/grows)
A
shrinks
10
Q
The Anterior pituitary is derived from (oral/neural) ectoderm
A
oral
11
Q
The Posterior pituitary is derived from (oral/neural) ectoderm
A
neural
12
Q
Hormones that regulate growth are produced by the (Anterior/Posterior) pituitary
A
Anterior (adenohypophysis)
13
Q
(Anterior/Posterior) pituitary contains no secretory cells but stores and releases hormones from the hypothalamus
A
Posterior
14
Q
Which cells produce growth hormone and prolactin (Acidophiles/Basophiles/Chromophobes)
A
acidophiles
15
Q
Which cells produce glycoproteins FSH, LH, TSH? (Acidophiles/Basophiles/Chromophobes)
A
Basophiles
16
Q
Which cells produce small peptide hormones ACTH and β-LPH?
Acidophiles/Basophiles/Chromophobes
A
Basophiles
17
Q
Somatotropin is another word for _______
A
growth hormone
18
Q
Glial cells in the posterior pituitary are called ______
A
pituicytes
19
Q
Which cells in the anterior pituitary are stem cells or degranualted chromophils?
(Acidophiles/Basophiles/Chromophobes)
A
Chromophobes
20
Q
Vasopressin and oxytocin are stored in the (anterior/posterior) pituitary
A
posterior (neurohypophysis)
21
Q
Gonadotropic, thyrotropic and corticotropic cells are all (acidophilic/basophilic)
A
basophilic
22
Q
Somatotropic and lactotropic cells are (acidophilic/basophilic)
A
acidophilic
23
Q
What do basophilic cells of the anterior pituitary secrete?
A
B-FLAT FSH LH ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) TSH (thyrotropin)
24
Q
FSH and LH are produced by which cells? (gonadotropic/thyrotropic/corticotropic)
A
gonadotropic
25
ACTH and β-lipotropic are produced by which cells? (gonadotropic/thyrotropic/corticotropic)
corticotropic
26
The zones of the cortex of the adrenal gland, glomerulosa, fasciculata and reticularis produce regulate what?
salt, sugar, sex hormones
| mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, androgens
27
The medulla of the adrenal gland produces _____
catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine)
28
Acidophilic cells of the anterior pituitary produce ______ and ______
GPA
| growth hormone and prolactin
29
Which hormone secreted by corticotropic cells of the anterior pituitary stimulates secretion by the adrenal cortex?
ATCH
| adrenocorticotropic hormone
30
which hormone secreted by corticotropic cells of the the anterior pituitary promotes fat utilization?
β-lipotropic
31
Cells with abundant rough ER and prominent Golgi usually make (protein hormones/steroid hormones)
protein hormones
32
Cells with abundant smoother ER and a centrally located nucleus usually make (protein hormones/steroid hormones)
Steroid hormones
33
Pancreatic α cells produce _____
glucagon
34
Pancreatic β cells produce _____
Insulin
35
Pancreatic δ cells produce _____
Somatostatin
36
Cortisol is made primarily in the zona (glomerulosa/fasiculata/reticularis)
fasiculata
37
Mineralocorticoids are made in the zona (glomerulosa/fasiculata/reticularis)
glomerulosa
38
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is secreted by _____ cells of the parathyroid glands
cheif
39
Calcitonin is secreted by _____ cells of the thyroid
C cells = parafollicular cells
40
Thyroid hormones are secreted by _____ cells of the thyroid
follicular
41
Inhibits bone resorption and promotes calcification (calcitonin/PTH)
calcitonin
42
Increases blood calcium by regulating osteoclasts, etc. (calcitonin/PTH)
PTH
43
What two hormones are secreted by the neurohpophysis?
vasopressin
| oxytocin
44
Which cells of the adrenal gland react with silver salt?
medulla cells
45
What is the major secretory component of thyroid follicular cells?
Thyroid hormones T3 and T4
46
Central primary oocyte surrounded by simple squamous follicular epithelium.
Primordial follicle
47
Central primary oocyte surrounded by simple cuboidal follicular epithelium
Unilaminar primary follicle
48
Central primary oocyte surrounded by stratified cuboidal epithelium called the granulosa
Multilaminar primary follicle
49
Central or acentric primary oocyte surrounded by granulosa, with one or more fluid-filled spaces
Secondary follicle
50
An extremely large secondary follicle that bulges the ovary surface outward
Graafian follicle
51
The stroma around developing follicles rearranges to form a sheath called the _______
Theca folliculi
52
Colonization of endometrial stromal and parenchymal cells outside the uterus is called ______
endometriosis
53
Nabothian cysts can occur in the ______ mucosa
cervical
54
A secondary follicle can be distinguished by the presence of an open region called an _______
antrum
55
The layer surrounding the plasma membrane of an oocyte in a multilaminar primary follicle is called the ______
zona pellucida
56
The mound of granulosa cells that anchor the primary oocyte to the wall of the antrum is called the ______ _______
cumulus oophorus
57
Granulosa cells of the cumulus oophorus that directly surround the oocyte are called the _____ ______
corona radiata
58
The endocrine organ that develops from the remnant of the ovulated follicle is called the ______
corpus luteum
59
Basophilic peg cells in the mucosal epithelium of the oviduct are also called _____ cells
secretory
60
Within the mucosal folds of the oviduct, there is a loose core of connective tissue with blood vessels called the _____ _____
lamina propria
61
The simple columnar mucosal epithelium of the oviduct is composed of two cell types, ______ cells and _____ cells
Ciliated cells and secretory cells
62
The three layers of the uterus from outer to inner are ____, _____ and _____
Perimetrium, myometrium, endometrium
63
Very dense basophilic bodies of condensed chromatin among the uterine secretory cells are called ____ _____
Mitotic profiles
64
The three layers of the proliferative endometrium are the:
1. Basal layer
2. functional layer
3. suface epithelium
65
In order to stain glycogen bright pink, you could use the stain ____ _____
Best's carmine
66
Aromatase converts precursor steroids into _______
estrogens
67
The thick, eosinophilic layer of glycoproteins surrounding the primary oocyte, that is secreted by the primary oocyt is called the _______
zona pellucida
68
Radiating granulosa cells surrounding the oocyte that contact the zona pellucida are called the ______
Corona Radiata
69
highly vascular inner layer with steroid hormone-producing cells (theca externa/theca interna)
theca intera
70
supportive outer layer of smooth muscle, fibroblasts, and collagen (theca externa/theca interna)
theca externa
71
The programmed cell death of ovarian follicles is called _______
Atresia
72
Which hormone stimulates ovulation by triggering changes that weaken the follicle wall and increase follicular liquid production?
Luteinizing Hormone
73
When is the second polar body generated?
after fertilization
74
The corpus luteum produces the hormones _____ and ______
estrogen and progesteron
75
The large connective tissue scar that remains after corpus luteum undergoes luteolysis is called the _____
corpus albicans
76
What are the four histological layers of the ovary?
1. Germinal epithelium
2. Tunica Albuginea
3. Cortex
4. Medulla
77
What cells types make up an ovarial follicle?
1. The oocyte
2. Granulosa cells
3. Theca cells
4. Stromal cells
78
What hormone initiates follicle growth?
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
79
What hormone sustains follicle growth (promotes follicular cell/granulosa cell proliferation)
Estrogen
80
What structure separates the primary oocyte from the granulosa?
zona pellucida
81
How do the primary oocyte and granulosa cells communicate across the zona pellucida?
gap junctions
82
What cells in the ovary produce estrogen?
follicular cells (combined effort of both granulosa and theca cells)
83
Why do Luteinized granulosa cells large, pale eosinophilic with large smooth ER and large mitochondria?
They are synthesizing estrogens
84
Hormones: follicular cells produce _____ the corpus luteum produces ______
estrogen
| progesterone
85
Dense collagen fiber apear as a very large, mostly acellular, eosinophilic area
(corpus luteum/corpus albicans)
corpus albicans
86
Large, pale, eosinophilic cells, large euchromatic nuclei. Prominent smooth ER, large mitochondria
(corpus luteum/corpus albicans)
corpus luteum
87
What type of epithelium is oviduct mucosal epithelium?
simple columnar ciliated epithelium
88
What are the two cells types in the mucosal epithelium of the oviduct?
1. ciliated cells
| 2. secretory cells (peg cells)
89
Which type of follicle: central oocyte with simple squamous epithelium
Primordial follicle
90
Which type of follicle: central oocyte with simple cuboidal epithelium
Unilaminar primary follicle
91
Which type of follicle: central oocyte with stratified cuboidal epithelium
Multilaminar primary follicle
92
Colonization of endometrial stromal and parenchymal cells outside the uterus is called _______
endometriosis
93
occlusion of the cervical gland ducts within the cervical mucosa can result in ______
Nabothian cysts
94
Which phase of endometrium is the thickest? (menstrual/proliferative/secretory)
secretoy
95
Which phase of the endometrium has the least and shortest glands?
(menstrual/proliferative/secretory)
menstrual
96
Which phase of the endometrium has long straight and narrow glands?
(menstrual/proliferative/secretory)
proliferative
| become coiled in secretory
97
What are the two layers of the endometrium?
1. the functional layer (shed)
| 2. the basal layer (does not change)
98
Benign smooth muscle tumors in the myometrium are called ______
leiomyomas
99
Dilated and coiled glands with prominent spiral arteries (uterus secretory/cervical) glands
uterus
100
Long, non-coiled branching tubular glands (uterus secretory/cervical) glands
cervical
101
Endometrial tissue beneath the ovary tunica albuginea can cause a _______ cyst
chocolate cyst
102
What are the three type of breast cells required for lactation?
1. duct cells
2. secretory cells
3. myoepithelial cells
103
Which unit in the breast is the most common source of breast cancer?
the terminal duct lobular unit
104
As sperm cells develop they are supported on the periphery of (Sertoli/Leydig) cells
Sertoli
105
The only true cilia in the male reproductive tract are located in the _____ ______
ductuli efferentes
| efferent ductules
106
Cells in the semiforus tublules that have contractile properties to help move sperm along are called _______ cells
myoid
107
Primary spermatocytes are (diploid/haploid)
diploid
108
Secondary spermatocytes are (diploid/haploid)
haploid
109
Name four functions of Sertoli cells
1. support and nutrition
2. phagocytosis of spermatid shedding
3. secretion of testicular fluids and inhibin
4. Blood-testis barrier to protect from immune system
110
The main reservoir for sperm is the _____
epididymis (tail)
111
The prostatic fluid contains a serine protease known as ____ ____ ____ used as marker in detecting prostate cancer
prostate specific antigen
112
The serous sac covering the anterolateral surface of each testis is called the ______ ______
tunica vaginalis
113
Vessels and ducts pass through the _____ _____ as they enter and leave the testis
mediastinum testis
114
The only true cilia in the male reproductive system are in the _______ _______
Efferent Ductules
115
seminiferous tubules have ______ epithelium
germinal
116
tubuli recti have _____ _____ epithelium
simple cuboidal
117
rete testies have ____ _____ and ____ ____ epithelium
simple squamous and low columnar
118
Release of spermatozoa form sertoli cells is called _______
spermiation
119
A protein secreted by sertoli cells and concentrates testosterone in seminiferous tubules
Androgen binding protein
120
70% (the majority) of ejaculate comes from the _____ _____
seminal vessicles
121
List 4 functions of the epididymis
1. absorb testicular fluid
2. storage of sperm
3. sperm maturation
4. sperm transport
122
Which male accessory gland secretes fructose?
seminal vessicles
123
Which zone of the prostate is the cite of benign prostatic hyperplasia? (Transition zone/central zone/peripheral zone)
Transition zone
124
Which portion of the prostate is palpable during digital exam? (Transition zone/central zone/peripheral zone)
Peripheral zone
125
In which zone of prostate does the majority of cancers come from? (Transition zone/central zone/peripheral zone)
Peripheral zone
126
Which zone of the prostate surrounds the ejaculatory duct? (Transition zone/central zone/peripheral zone)
Central zone
127
Which zone of the prostate surrounds the urethra? (Transition zone/central zone/peripheral zone)
Transition zone and peripheral zone
128
List the ejaculatory sequence:
1) Bulbourethral and glands of littre
2) Prostate and spermatozoa
3) Seminal Vesicles
129
Which gland has oxyphil cells with pink cytoplasm and smaller chief cells that produce hormones?
Parathyroid gland
130
Which gland has an anterior and posterior lobe with Rathke's cysts in between?
Pituitary gland
131
Which gland has cells called argentaffin cells, due to their ability to react with silver salts?
Adrenal gland
132
Which organ has zonas glomerulosa, fasiculata and reticularis?
Adrenal gland
133
What is the distinguishing characteristic that you are looking at the pancreas?
islets of langerhans
134
The three identifiable parts of the mucosal folds of the oviduct are the:
1. lamina propria
2. ciliated cells
3. secretory cells (peg cells)
135
The three phases of the uterus in the menstrual cycle are the:
1. Proliferative phase
2. Secretory phase
3. Menstrual phase
136
Breast: Basophilic milk in alveolar lumen (resting/pregant/lactating)
lactating
137
List two hormones produced in the kidney
1. Erythropoietin
| 2. Rennin
138
A medullary ray and its surrounding cortical tissue make up a _____ _____
renal lobule
139
What are the three components of a medullary ray?
1. proximal tubule
2. distal tubule
3. collecting tublule
140
Where in the nephron does the proximal convoluted tubule begin?
The urinary pole of the nephron
141
What are the three components of the glomerular filtration barrier?
1) capillary endothelium
2) shared basement membrane
3) filtration slits
142
Where is erythropoietin made?
Endothelial cells of peritubular capillaries
143
Where is renin produced?
The juxtaglomerular apparatus
144
cells derived from the theca interna of atretic follicles of the ovary; they resemble luteal cells and are an important source of estrogens
Interstitial glands of the ovary
