Microscopic Anatomy 4L Flashcards
(132 cards)
1
Q
Three blood cell types (two major)
A
1 Erythrocytes
2 Leukocytes
3 Thrombocytes
2
Q
ordsMajor plasma protien
A
Albumin
3
Q
Normal Hematocrit for Females
A
41%
4
Q
Normal Hematocrit for Males
A
45%
5
Q
The middle layer of white blood cells that constitutes about 1% of blood volume is the _____
A
Buffy coat
6
Q
The erythrocyte membrane structure is composed of ___, ___ and ____
A
spectrin
actin
protien 4.1
7
Q
Leukocytes leave blood vessels by a process of _____
A
Diapedesis
8
Q
Red blood cells recently released from bone marrow are called ______, and make up about 1% of RBC
A
Reticulocytes
9
Q
Relative Frequency:
Neutrophiles
A
60-70%
10
Q
Relative Frequency:
Eosinophiles
A
2-4%
11
Q
Relative Frequency:
Basophiles
A
0-1%
12
Q
Relative Frequency:
lymphocytes
A
20-30%
13
Q
Relative Frequency:
monocytes
A
3-8%
14
Q
These blood cells secrete lactoferrin, an iron binding protien
A
Neutrophiles
15
Q
These blood cells have small granules that make the cytoplasm salmon pink and large azurophilic granules
A
Neutrophiles
16
Q
These blood cells have bilobed nuclei
A
Eosinophiles
17
Q
These blood cells function to kill parasites that invade tissue (also dispose of antigen-antibody complex and digest waste enzymes)
A
Eosinophiles
18
Q
These blood cells have a role in asthma
A
Eosinophiles
19
Q
These blood cells are inactive mediators of inflammation and release histamine
A
Eosinophiles
20
Q
These blood cells secrete cytokines (IL-3,4,5… and TNF-a)
A
Eosinophiles
21
Q
These blood cells have cytoplasm loaded with granules that stain with Azure B. The granules are so plentiful the may obscure the nucleus
A
Basophiles
22
Q
These blood cells have granules rich in heparin, histamine and SRS-A
A
Basophiles
23
Q
These blood cells play a role in inflammation and immediate hypersensitivity reactions
A
Basophiles
24
Q
These blood cells have a thin rim of cytoplasm and a big spherical nucleus
A
Lymphocytes
25
The majority of lymphocytes are __ cells
T-cells
26
These cells are the specific target for HIV
T-cells
27
Large granular lymphocytes are also called _____
Natural Killer cells
28
Small cytoplasmic fragments of megakaryocytes are called _____
Blood Platelets
29
These transform into tissue macrophages
Monocytes
30
Megakaryocytes live primarily in _____
Bone Marrow
31
The basic dyes used for blood are are ____ and _____
Azure B
| Methylene Blue
32
The acidic dye used for blood is _____
eosin
33
Azure B stains which cellular components?
DNA, Glycosaminoglycans
34
Methylene Blue stains which cellular components heavenly blue?
RNA
35
This dye stains RBCs red-pink
Eosin
36
This dye stains nuclei purple and cytoplasmic granules of basophiles crimson red
Azure B
37
Each blast cell can give rise to (one type/ many types) of blood cell
one type
38
Normally, blasts, promylocytes, myelocytes and metamyelocytes are only found in ___
Bone marrow
39
Two Bacteriocidal compounds found in specific granules of neutrophiles are _____ and _____
lysozyme
| lactoferrin
40
The stages of Neutrophilic differentiation are (6)
1. blast
2. neutrophilic promyelocyte
3. netrophilic myelocyte
4. neutrophilic metamyelocyte
5. neutrophilic band
6. mature neutrophile
41
A band count greater than 700/μL (more than 5% of leukocytes) is called what?
Left Shift
42
The term "Granulocytes" refers to _____, _____ an sometime ______
Eosinophiles, Basophiles and Neutrophiles
43
Hematopoiesis in adults occurs primarily in the flat bones of the (6)
1. sternum
2. vertebrea
3. ribs
4. clavicles
5. bones of pelvis
6. bones of skull
44
(Yellow Bone/Red Bone) has more adipose
Yellow Bone
45
Name cellular features that change with erythrocyte differentiation
1. Nucleus disappears
2. cell volume decreases
3. basophilia decreases
4. nucleoli disappears
46
The stages of erythrocyte formation are (7)
1. blast
2. basophilic erythroblast
3. polychromatophilic erythroblast
4. normoblast
5. reticulocyte /
6. orthochromatic erythroblast
7. mature erythocyte
47
Most (80%) of normoblasts will become _____ and 20% will become _____
80% reticulocytes
| 20% orthochomoatic erythroblasts
48
RBCs circulate for about _____ days
120
49
Which granulocyte plays a major role in anaphylactic shock?
Basophiles
50
Cell mediated immunity is a characteristic of _____
T-cells
51
What type of cell suppresses the immune response to self molecules?
Supressor T-Cells
52
Neutrophilic Myelocytes make secondary granules that contain _____ and _____
lysozyme and lactoferrin
53
These cells die in the process of making pus
Neutrophiles
54
These cells make superoxide anions to kill microbes
Neutrophiles
55
What color does hemoglobin stain? Why?
Red-pink
| Eosin
56
Which Hormone secreted by the kidney promotes RBC formation?
erythropoeitin
57
What are the five types of cells that make up "respiratory epithelium"?
1. Cilliated pseudostratified columnar epithelial cells
2. Mucous Goblet Cells
3. Brush Cells
4. Basal Cells
5. Granule Cells
58
These are the most abundant cells in the respiratory epithelium
Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelial cells
59
A genetic disorder in which the protein dynein is non-functional
Kartagener syndrome
60
Along the respiratory tract, ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium transition to ____ ____ ____ ____ and finally squamous cells in the alveoli
ciliated simple cuboidal epithelium
61
Which are found deeper in the respiratory tract, ciliated cells or mucous cells?
ciliated
| prevent retrograde flow
62
The three bones in the nasal cavity that help mix air are called ______
nasal conchae
63
The fancy name for nose hairs is ______
vibrissae
64
The space between conchae are called the ______
meatus
65
The inferior and middle meati are lined with ______ while the superior meatus is lined with _____
Respiratory epithelium
| Olfactory epithelium
66
These glands produce proteinaceous serous secretions to clear cilia and facilitate access of new oderants
Olfactory (Bowman's) Glands
67
The tube that connects the oral and nasal passages is the _____
pharynx
68
The tube that connects the pharynx and trachea is the ______
Larynx
69
False Vocal cords are made of ______
respiratory epithelium
70
The topmost layer to true vocal cords is made of _____
Stratified Squamous Epithelium
71
The tube that connects the larynx and bronchi is called the ______
Trachea
72
In terminal bronchioles, Goblet cells are replaced with ______
Clara cells
73
(Type I/Type II) epithelium form the majority of the lung lining
Type I (97% of lung surface area)
74
(Type I/Type II) epithelium are more abundant in the lungs
Type II
75
Macrophages in the Alveoli are called ______
Dust Cells
76
The two agranular Leukocytes are ______ and ______
Lymphocytes and Monocytes
77
The three lymphocytes are (one it the large granular lymphocyte) ____, ____ and ____
T-Cells, B-cell, and NK (large granular) cells
78
These granulocytes have no Azuophilic granules, only eosinic (specific) granules
Eosinophils
79
Reticular fibers are type _____ collagen
Type 3
80
Reticular fibers are made by ______
reticular cells
81
Reticular cells are from _______ origin
mesenchymal
82
Reticular cells are also called _____ cells due to their long processes
dendritic
83
Ferritin can be stored in the mesenchymal (leukocyte/red blood/reticular) cell
reticular (dendritic)
84
A lymphatic nodule is made mostly of ______ cells
B-cells
85
The (primary/secondary) nodule has tightly packed small lymphocytes while the (primary/secondary) nodule has a germinal center
primary
| secondary
86
The mantel zone of the secondary nodule has _____
young plasma cells and memory B-cells
87
The concave surface of the lymph node is called the _____
hilum
88
The capsule of a lymph node is made up of ______
dense irregular connective tissue
89
The sinuses of a lymph node (do not/do) have an endothelial lining
Do not have an endothelial lining
90
The dense region in the medulla of a lymph node is called a medullary (note/band/cord) that may have sinuses around it
cord
91
afferent lymphatic vessel are limited to the (convex/concave) surface while the efferent lymphatic vessels are limited to the (convex/concave) surface
convex
| concave
92
The flow of lymph through a node is from _____ to ____ to ______ vessels
trabecular to medullary to efferent vessels
93
Lymphocytes make their way back to the node via (High endothelial venules/discontinuous capillaries)
High Endothelial Venules
| HEV
94
The thymus develops (early/late) in embryology
early: degrades through adulthood
95
The partitions in lymph nodes are called _______
trabeculae
96
The Thymus develops embryologically from both the _____ lining and the _____
epithelial linning and
| mesenchyme
97
If you remove the thymus from a neonate, the rest of the lymph nodes will (grow to compensate/not develop)
not develop
98
The trachea has ______ epithelium
respiratory
99
The Bronchioles have ____ ____ epithelium
ciliated columnar
100
Terminal bronchioles have ____ _____ or ____ epithelium
non-ciliated cuboidal or columnar epithelium
101
Respiratory bronchioles have _____ _____ or ____ epithelium with few or no cilia
simple cuboidal or columnar
102
Alveolar ducts have ______ epithelium
simple squamous
103
Which three of the five types of cells that make up "respiratory epithelium" sit on the basement membrane and extend out into the lumen of conduit?
1) Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelial cells
2) Mucos Goblet Cells
3) Brush Cells
104
```
These cells can do it all, but not all at the same time:
originate form mesenchyme
synthesize and maintain reticular fibers
do phagocytosis
store ferretin
are APCs
```
Reticular cells (also called dendritic cells)
105
This extension of the sub capsular sinus provides support and allows for flow of fluid through a lymph node
Trabeculum
106
Red pulp is red due to a large amount of _____
red blood cells (erythrocytes)
107
Periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths (PALS) are packed with __ cells and have an artery running though it
T-cells
108
Hassall's corpuscles can be found in the (cortex/medulla) of the thymus
medulla
109
Lymphocytes know to 'get off the bus' at HEVs due to signaling molecules call ______
adressins
110
If you see hassall's corpuscles, you must be looking at the _____
Thymus
111
Reticular fibers can stain black with (pico orcein/H&E/silver)
silver
112
Mature B cells proliferate and differentiate and switch classes in the lymphoid in (seed/germinal/differentiating) centers of lymphoid nodules
germinal
113
A germinal center of a lymph node is where mature _____ cells proliferate, differentiate and mature.
B cells
114
These cells are sometimes called 'polys' (polymorphonuclear cells)
Neutrophiles
115
These cells have basophilic granules that bind dyes such as hematoxylin
basophiles
116
These have an indented nucleus and all look the same, hence their name ______
monocytes
117
From what cell does a mast cell derive?
A granulocyte progenetor
118
A nucleated red blood cell is called an _____
orthochromatic reticulocyte
119
The spleen is about 80% ____ pulp and 20% ____ pulp
80% red (stains pink/light)
| 20% white (stains blue/dark)
120
The white pulp stains dark b/c of _____
nucleic acids in the WBCs
121
If you see PALS, you are looking at the organ, the ____
spleen
122
Periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths has ____ cells
T cells
123
The blood thymus barrier is created by the ____ cell
epithelial cell
124
Thymosin and thymopoietin are made by _____ cells in the thymus
epithelial reticular cell
125
The blood thymus barrier is more pronounce at the (cortex/medulla)
cortex
126
Invaginations in the tonsils are called _____
crypts
127
Lymphatic nodules in the spleen are filled with __ cells
B cells
128
What lives in a medullary cord of a lymph node?
B lymphcetes and plasma cells
129
The thymus comes from the __ and ___ pharyngeal pouches and mesenchyme
3rd and 4th
130
Concentrically arranged epithelial reticular cells in the thymus are called
hassall's corpuscles
131
An RBC that still has some ribosomal RNA is a _____
reticulocyte
132
Reticulocytes stain with _____
brilliant cresyl blue
