Microscopy and Cell membranes

Question 1

What are the elements of ‘central dogma’ presented in the correct temporal order?

Answer 1

DNA, RNA, protein.

Question 2

What are the oldest known fossils?

Answer 2

stromatolites, rocks formed from accumulation of sedimentary layers on bacterial mats. 3.5B years.

Question 3

What is central dogma?

Answer 3

The sequence of nucleotides in a particular segment of DNA (a gene) is transcribed into an RNA molecule, which can then be translated into the linear sequence of amino acids of a protein.

Question 4

Living _____ are self-___________ collections of ________.

Answer 4

cells, replicating catalysts.

Question 5

What are the domains of prokaryotes?

Answer 5

Bacteria
Arachae

Question 6

What is the basic prokaryotic cell architecture?

Answer 6

NAME?

Question 7

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 7

Information store of the cell.

Question 8

How to mitochondria generate usable energy?

Answer 8

From food molecules.

Question 9

Where the the energy captured from in chloroplasts?

Answer 9

Sunlight.

Question 10

What do internal membranes create in a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 10

Intracellular compartments

Question 11

What is the cytoskeleton responsible for?

Answer 11

Directed cell movements.

Question 12

What does it mean if a nuclear membrane is non - continuous?

Answer 12

It has pores in the membrane.

Question 13

Name the parts of the eukaryotic cell

Answer 13

Lysosome, mitochondrion, nuclear envelope, peroxisome, golgi apparatus, transport vesicle, endoplasmic reticulum, cytosol, plasma membrane.

Question 14

Where does the double membrane from mitochondria come from?

Answer 14

From plasma membrane and outer membrane of the engulfed bacterium.

Question 15

What did chloroplasts evolve from?

Answer 15

Photosynthetic bacteria, they already contained mitochondria.

Question 16

What is the golgi apparatus composed of?

Answer 16

A stack of flattened, membrane-enclosed discs.

Question 17

What are the 3 major types of filaments of the cytoskeleton?

Answer 17

Actin filaments
Microtubules
Intermediate filaments.

Question 18

How can the filaments of the cytoskeleton be detected?

Answer 18

Fluorescent stains.

Question 19

What can be described as the smallest living unit?

Answer 19

Cell

Question 20

Which cytoskeletal element is the thickest?

Answer 20

Microtubules

Question 21

Which biochemical process correlates with the tenets of the central dogma?

Answer 21

DNA->RNA->Proteins
equals
replication->transcription-> translation

Question 22

What unit of length would you ordinarily use to measure to measure a typical plant or animal cell?

Answer 22

Micrometers

Question 23

Why is the resolving power of a fluorescent microscope so similar to a light microscope?

Answer 23

The fluorescent microscope’s resolving power limited by the wavelength of visible light.

Question 24

How many membranes is the nuclear envelope made up of?

Answer 24

Two concentric membranes.

Question 25

The nuclear envelopes concentric membranes are continous with which other membrane?

Answer 25

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 26

The nucleus confines what cellular component? keeping them separated from the other components of the cell

Answer 26

Chromosomes.

Question 27

What organelle has both an inner and outer membrane?

Answer 27

Mitochondrion

Question 28

What are the components of a conventional light microscope?

Answer 28

Eyepiece, Tube lens, Objective lens, Glass slide, Specimen, Condenser lens, light source

Question 29

What is the magnification of a conventional light microscope?

Answer 29

x1000

Question 30

What is the resolving power of a conventional light microscope?

Answer 30

0.2µm(200nm)

Question 31

What allows for easy access of nutrients for growth of cancer cells?

Answer 31

Blood vessels with large lumen and a very thin vascular wall, also allows a pathway for cancer cells to enter blood circulation(metastasis).

Question 32

What are the components of a fluorescent microscope?

Answer 32

Eyepiece, light source, beam-splitting mirror, objective lens, object, filter,

Question 33

What do the two different filters in a fluorescent microscope for?

Answer 33

1. Filter light before it reaches specimen so that only wavelengths that excite the die are passed through. 2. Blocks out light and passes only wavelengths emitted when the dye fluoresces. Dyed object show up in bright colour on a dark background.

Question 34

What are the parts of the scanning electron microscope?

Answer 34

Electron gun, condenser lens, beam deflector, objective lens, scan generator, video screen, detector, electron beam, specimen.

Question 35

What are the parts of the transmission electron microscope?

Answer 35

Electron gun, condenser lens, specimen, objective lens, projector lens, viewing screen or photographic film.