Mid Flashcards
(43 cards)
are locally acting hormone like substance, which originates from different tissue & produce intense biological activities near their site of synthesis or release.
are the local hormone produced in tissues rather than in glands.
Autacoids
Classification of autacoids
A. Amine autacoids
B. Peptide autocoids
C. Eicosanoids
Type pf autacoids
Biogenic Amines
Polypeptides
Eicosanoids
Biogenic Amines
Histamine
Serotonin
Polypeptides
•angiotensin
•kinins-bradykinin & kallikidin •vasopressin
•vasoactive intestinal peptide substance P
•slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis
Eicosanoids
leukotrienes
prostaglandins
platelet activating factors
thromboxanes
=is a biogenic substance with one or more amine groups. They are basic nitrogenous compounds formed mainly by decarboxylation of amino acids or by amination and transamination of aldehydes and ketones.
BIOGENIC AMINE
regulate brain functions such as movement, behavior, emotions, temperature, blood pressure and endocrine secretion.
Function of Biogenic Amine
The biogenic amines
Classes
There are five established biogenic amine neurotransmitters:
the three catecholamines
•dopamine
•norepinephrine (noradrenaline) •epinephrine (adrenaline)
•histamine
•serotonin
•They’re chemicals your immune system makes. Histamines act like bouncers at a club. They help your body get rid of something that’s bothering you – in this case, an allergy trigger, or “allergen.”
• start the process that hustles those allergens out of your body or off your skin. They can make you sneeze, tear up, or itch – whatever it takes to get the job done. They are part of your body’s defense system. When you have allergies, some of your triggers – such as pollen, pet dander, or dust – seem harmless. But your immune system sees them as a threat and responds.
Your body’s intention – to keep you safe – is good. But its overreaction gives you those all-too- familiar allergy symptoms, which you then try to stop with an antihistamine.
histamines
Histamine exerts its effects by binding to histamine receptors on cells’ surfaces. There are four types of histamine receptor:
H1, H2, H3 and H4.
drives cellular migration, nociception, vasodilatation, and bronchoconstriction.
The H1-receptor
modifies gastric acid secretion, airway mucus production, and vascular permeability.
the H2-receptor
plays an important role in neuro-inflammatory diseases.
The H3-receptor
is a monoamine neurotransmitter. Its biological function is complex and multifaceted, modulating mood, cognition, reward, learning, memory, and numerous physiological processes such as vomiting and vasoconstriction.
Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine
Serotonin plays several roles in your body, including influencing learning, memory, happiness as well as regulating body temperature, sleep, sexual behavior and hunger. Lack of enough serotonin is thought to play a role in depression, anxiety, mania and other health conditions.
Function of Serotonin
In the central nervous system (CNS), serotonin is almost exclusively produced in neurons originating in the raphe nuclei located in the midline of the brainstem. These serotonin- producing neurons form the largest and most complex efferent system in the human brain.
Serotonin Receptors Present in the Central Nervous System. The 5-HT1B and 5-HT1D receptor subtypes are also linked to inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity
Location of Serotonin
Where are 5-HT receptors located?
5-HT3 receptors are located on post-synaptic enteric and sensory neurones, on enteric neuronal membranes, in the vagus, on gastric endocrine glands and in the CNS.
What organ releases serotonin?
In the central nervous system (CNS), serotonin is almost exclusively produced in neurons originating in the raphe nuclei located in the midline of the brainstem. These serotonin-producing neurons form the largest and most complex efferent system in the human brain.
Where is most serotonin found?
intestines
Most of the serotonin found in your body is in your gut (intestines). About 90% of serotonin is found in the cells lining your gastrointestinal tract. It’s released into your blood circulation and absorbed by platelets. Only about 10% is produced in your brain.
Is 5-HT the same as serotonin?
Serotonin, which is also known as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), primarily affects mood, promoting feelings of well-being. It also affects appetite, sleep cycles and pain perception.
What produces high serotonin?
Serotonin levels can be increased naturally by getting more exposure to outdoor sunlight and by doing plenty of exercise. It can also help to eat more foods that contain tryptophan, such as nuts, eggs, cheese, red meat, turkey, salmon, tofu and pineapple.
What causes a lack of serotonin?
age-related health and brain changes. chronic stress. a lack of exposure to natural light. lack of physical activity.
The symptoms of low serotonin levels include:
memory problems
feeling low
craving sweet foods
having problems sleeping
feeling bad about yourself
increased libido (sexual desire)
