Mid-Semester Test

Question 1

Describe Psychometrics

Answer 1

The study of theories and techniques in the measurement of psychological attributes, eg. language and speech.

Question 2

What makes a test standardised?

Answer 2

Designed to be administered and scored in a consistent manner.

Question 3

What does norm-referenced mean?

Answer 3

score is compared to a sample of matched peers who completed the same test. Norms gathered in process of standardisation.

Question 4

What is a criterion-referenced test?

Answer 4

Compares performance to a pre-established level of mastery, states whether a task can be performed. Can be standardised.

Question 5

What kind of data is retrieved from a descriptive test?

Answer 5

Qualitative data - may or may not be standardised.

Question 6

What is validity?

Answer 6

A measure of whether the test does what it says it does. Is the purpose explicitly stated? Does the construct or model relate to the stated purpose?

Question 7

What are the 6 types of validity?

Answer 7

Construct Validity
Content Validity
Criterion-related Validity
Face validity
Structural Validity
Cross-cultural Validity

Question 8

What is construct validity?

Answer 8

Whether the test measures only the concept/idea stated and nothing else

Question 9

What is Criterion-related Validity?

Answer 9

Do the results reflect results from ‘gold standard’ measurements?

Question 9

What is content validity?

Answer 9

Are the test items relevant to the skills being assessed? Does it measure all of the skill or only part of it?

Question 10

What is Face Validity?

Answer 10

The judgement of informed stakeholders that the items that make up an instrument are representative.

Question 11

What is Structural Validity?

Answer 11

Everything in the test is there for a reason

Question 12

What is Cross-cultural Validity?

Answer 12

Is the population valid for context and norms?

Question 13

What is Sensitivity?

Answer 13

The test’s ability to correctly identify people with a language difficulty.
100% sensitivity = test correctly identifies every person with a disease

Question 14

What is Specificity?

Answer 14

The test’s ability to identify people that DO NOT have language difficulties.
100% specificity = everyone without a disorder is identified

Question 15

Describe the relationship between sensitivity and specificity. What is a good %?

Answer 15

As one goes up, the other goes down.
good = 90%
fair = 80-90%
unacceptable <80%

Question 16

What is reliability?

Answer 16

Whether the test produces the same score when done at different times.

Question 17

What is intra-tester reliability?

Answer 17

Does the same tester produce the same results each time? Recommended 90%

Question 18

What is inter-tester reliability?

Answer 18

The test produces the same score when done by different testers. >90% good

Question 19

What is test-retest reliability?

Answer 19

Whether the person would receive the same score if given the test at different times.

Question 20

What is instrument reliability?

Answer 20

Measures how different the test items are from each other, whether they measure the same characteristics or skills.

Question 21

What is SEM?

Answer 21

Standard Error of Measurement - confidence interval. Used to provide an indication of how confident you are that the test score represents the person’s ability.

Question 22

What are the typical confidence intervals used? What happens to the spread of the scores as confidence interval goes up?

Answer 22

68%
90%
95%
The spread of the scores increases as the confidence interval goes up - takes into account more of the scores. eg. 90% score the child would score within this range.

Question 23

What is a raw score?

Answer 23

The number of points that the client scored correctly. Cannot be used to compare performance to anyone else.

Question 24

What is a scaled score?

Answer 24

A raw score converted to a different scale for comparison. eg. subtest out of 15, but scaled to be out of 10

Question 25

What is a standard score?

Answer 25

Also called a Z score. A raw score converted to a number that corresponds to the number of standard deviations that score is to the mean.

Question 26

What is a percentile rank?

Answer 26

A score that indicates the percentage of the population that scored equal or below to the client.

Question 27

What is RTI?

Answer 27

Response to Intervention

Question 28

What is the CELF?

Answer 28

The Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals Designed for diagnosis, screening, describing status Standardised, norm-referenced, static, de-contextualised

Question 29

CELF-3 Purpose

Answer 29

Identification, diagnosis and follow-up evaluation of language and communication deficits in children aged 3-6 years

Question 30

CELF-3 Form

Answer 30

Standardised, norm-referenced, static (performed once), de-contextualised

Question 31

CELF-3 Subtests: Sentence Comprehension (SC)

Answer 31

The child identifies a picture that matches the sentence read aloud by the examiner. eg. "point to the picture that says I can eat this" Comprehension

Question 32

CELF-3 Subtests: Word Structure (WS)

Answer 32

The child completes a sentence (cloze procedure) with the target structure(s) eg. "Here is a boy, here are two..." Morphosyntax Production

Question 33

CELF-3 Subtests: Expressive Vocabulary (EV)

Answer 33

The child names an object, person or activity portrayed in a picture. eg. "What is this?" "What are they doing?" Production, semantics

Question 34

CELF-3 Subtests: Following Directions (FD)

Answer 34

The child points to pictures in response to oral directions eg. "point to the dog" "point to the big square and then the apple"

Question 35

CELF-3 Subtests: Recalling Sentences (RS)

Answer 35

The child imitates sentences produced by the examiner Production. Morphosyntax

Question 36

CELF-3 Subtests: Basic Concepts (BC)

Answer 36

The child points to the picture that demonstrates the target concept presented by the examiner. eg. "point to the one that is..."

Question 37

CELF-3 Subtests: Word Classes (WC)

Answer 37

The child chooses two words/pictures that are related from a choice of three or four words/pictures. eg. "Which of these pictures go together best?"

Question 38

CELF-3 Subtests: Phonological Awareness (PA)

Answer 38

The child rhymes words and blends and identifies sounds and syllables. Phonology, production

Question 39

CELF-3 Designs

Answer 39

The test is made up of a range of subtests that measure receptive and expressive language