Mid Term 1

Question 1

What is a covalent bond?

Answer 1

Electrons shared between atoms

Question 2

How is a covalent bond different from a polar covalent bond?

Answer 2

A covalent bond equally shares electrons. A polar covalent bond unequally shares electrons.

Question 3

What is an atom?

Answer 3

A particle of matter, that uniquely defines a chemical element

Question 4

What is an electron?

Answer 4

Negatively charged found outside the nucleus

Question 5

What is a proton?

Answer 5

Positive positively charged found inside nucleus

Question 6

What is a neutron?

Answer 6

No charge found inside nucleus

Question 7

How is an element different from a molecule?

Answer 7

Elements are always only made up of one type of atom, but molecules can be made up of one or more different atoms

Question 8

What is a compound molecule?

Answer 8

Made up of one or more different elements

Question 9

Why are there science theories

Answer 9

To incorporate new fax into existing theories to refine them

Question 10

Why is structured determines function important in molecular biology?

Answer 10

How something is arranged, allows it to perform a specific job

Question 11

What is an ionic bond?

Answer 11

Attraction of opposite charges

Question 12

What is a hydrogen bond? What do they form between?

Answer 12

An attraction between two atoms that already participate in other bonds. They form between hydrogen and a highly electronegative atom.

Question 13

What is hydrophilic or polar or charged molecules?

Answer 13

Water, loving, polar charged

Question 14

What is a polar covalent bond? How is it different from a regular covalent bond?

Answer 14

Covalent bonds equally electrons polar covalent bonds unequally share electrons

Question 15

What is hydrophobic or nonpolar or uncharged molecules?

Answer 15

Uncharged, non-polar water, fearing

Question 16

What is an amphipathic molecule? Give to examples

Answer 16

Hydrophobic and hydrophilic on the same molecule example one soap, example to detergent

Question 17

What is a monosaccharide?

Answer 17

One sugar

Question 18

What is a disaccharide?

Answer 18

Two sugar

Question 19

What is a polysaccharide?

Answer 19

Many sugar 

Question 20

How are saturated fats different from unsaturated fats?

Answer 20

Saturated fats have no double bonds, unsaturated fats have at least one double bond

Question 21

Why is butter solid at room temperature?

Answer 21

Because it’s made of mostly saturated fat

Question 22

Why is olive oil liquid at room temperature?

Answer 22

Because it’s mostly made of unsaturated fat

Question 23

What is primary structure of a protein?

Answer 23

The order of amino acids from first to last

Question 24

What is secondary structure of a protein?

Answer 24

Alpha, helix, or beta pleated sheet, or a combo of both

Question 25

What is tertiary structure in a protein?

Answer 25

The final folded form of a protein

Question 26

What are enzymes?

Answer 26

Catalytic. they do work

Question 27

What are several functions of proteins?

Answer 27

structural support, catalysts, building blocks

Question 28

What happens when a protein is denatured?

Answer 28

Lost correct folding

Question 29

What are amino acids?

Answer 29

Molecules that combine to form proteins

Question 30

What part of amino acid controls how it interacts with other molecules

Answer 30

The side chain

Question 31

What is an enzyme? What enters an enzyme? What leaves an enzyme?

Answer 31

Catalysts/they do work. Substrates enter an enzyme. products leave an enzyme.

Question 32

What is an active site? What goes on into one? What comes out?

Answer 32

An active site is part of an enzyme more substrates enter in products leave

Question 33

What are the four bases of DNA

Answer 33

A, T, C, G

Question 34

What are the four bases of RNA?

Answer 34

A, U, C, G

Question 35

Which bases bind to which in DNA and RNA

Answer 35

DNA: A-T, C-G RNA: A-U, C-G

Question 36

What is the general shape of DNA? And RNA? 

Answer 36

DNA is double stranded. RNA single-stranded.

Question 37

What does DNA stand for? RNA?

Answer 37

DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. RNA stands for Ribo nucleic acid.

Question 38

What is the backbone of DNA made of?

Answer 38

Sugar, phosphate

Question 39

What is the sugar in DNA? RNA?

Answer 39

DNA = deoxy ribose RNA= ribose

Question 40

What is transcription?

Answer 40

DNA to RNA

Question 41

What is translation?

Answer 41

RNA to protein

Question 42

What is a codon?

Answer 42

Three bases in a row in RNA or DNA

Question 43

What is TRNA?

Answer 43

Transfer RNA – brings amino acid subunits to ribosomes

Question 44

What is rRNA?

Answer 44

Ribosomal RNA – primary component of ribosomes. Non-coding.

Question 45

What is MRNA?

Answer 45

Messenger, RNA- the blueprints for translation

Question 46

What is a ribosome?

Answer 46

Inter cellular structure made up of both RNA and protein

Question 47

What is a mutation?

Answer 47

A change in regular DNA sequence

Question 48

What does a ribosome do?

Answer 48

Protein synthesis 

Question 49

What is aerobic?

Answer 49

With oxygen

Question 50

What is anaerobic?

Answer 50

Without oxygen

Question 51

What are catabolic reactions?

Answer 51

Breaking pathways – makes energy

Question 52

What are anabolic reactions?

Answer 52

Making pathways – taking energy

Question 53

What is an anticodon?

Answer 53

Correspondence to Codon in RNA