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Psyc211 - Personality > Mid-Term > Flashcards

Mid-Term Flashcards

1
Q

What do personality psychologists want to know?

A

Thought, Feelings, Behaviours (all invisible)

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2
Q

What is experimenter demand?

A

Can cause patients to resist or pick the socially desirable answers to help the experimenter.

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3
Q

What is Funders second law?

A

There is no perfect indicator of personality. There are only clues, and clues are always ambiguous.

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4
Q

Four basic types of sourcing data?

A

Self-report, Informants, Life outcomes, Behavioural observations. (Bonus: Biology)

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5
Q

3 types of personality psychology research?

A

Correlation, Experimental, natural/quasi-experimental.

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6
Q

What are the objective measures of psychology?

A

Life outcomes and behaviour.

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7
Q

Tests to assess personality?

A

Projective tests (Rorschach inkblots), Objective tests (yes/No and scales).

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8
Q

In what ways can we evaluate the measures of Psychology.

A

Validity, Reliability, Generalizability.

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9
Q

Define Validity.

A

Does the study measure what it claims to measure?

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10
Q

Factors that reduce validity.

A

Low precision of measurement, state of participants, state of the experimenter, the environment.

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11
Q

What are attention checks used for?

A

Increasing reliability (by excluding participants not paying attention).

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12
Q

What is the trait apporiach to personality?

A

Indentify fairly stable psychological and behavioural tendencies that differ between people.

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13
Q

What is a trait?

A

Stable individual differences (e.g. Narcissism, Agreeableness)

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14
Q

What is a state?

A

Current individual differences between people (e.g. friendliness when in a good mood or high self-esteem from winning a game).

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15
Q

What are two key points of the trait approach?

A
  1. Based on empirical research 2. Focuses on individual differences.
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16
Q

Whose theory is the Person Situation debate?

A

Walter Mischel (1968)

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17
Q

Explain the Stereotype Content Model.

A

2 dimensions: Warmth and Competence.
High-High = Admiration, Low-Low = Contempt
High warmth-Low competence = Pity
Low warmth-High competence = Envy

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18
Q

What is a negativity bias?

A

We remember negativity more often, doesn’t mean it’s happening more often.

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19
Q

What is the Realistic Accuracy Model?

A

Target -> Relevance -> Availability -> Detection -> Utilization -> Judge

20
Q

What is a concealable stigma?

A

Hiding parts of your identity because it may cause social stigma.

21
Q

What is sociosexuality?

A

Preference for low-investment sexual partners.

22
Q

Good judges are…?

A

Intelligent, socially well adjusted, agreeable, know what’s normal.

23
Q

Traits vs Types

A 
Traits = distributed amongst people (variance, high on agreeableness, low on aggression)
Types = qualitative differences (Myers-Briggs).
24
Q

Why is Myers-Briggs problematic?

A

Poor validity and reliability. Traits aren’t opposing, can be different levels of both.

25
Q

Define Narcissism as a trait.

A

Bullshittng, charming, good first impressions, manipulative, vain.

26
Q

What is the dark triad?

A

3 traits, Psychopathy, Machiavellianism, Narcissism.

27
Q

What is Eysencks Heirachial Model?

A

Includes 3 basic traits; Psycholoicism, Extraversion, Neuroticism (then smaller traits off those)

28
Q

How many traits for Cattell’s Taxonomy?

A

16 traits!

29
Q

What are “The Big 5” traits?

A

O.C.E.A.N - Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism.

30
Q

Person-Environment transaction?

A

People seek out environments that suit them.

31
Q

Methods to test personality change?

A

Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies.

32
Q

Why is the social clock important?

A

“Normal life” trajectory, deviation is associate with lower satisfaction and depression.

33
Q

How many people want to change something about themselves?

A

87-97% (no age correlation)

34
Q

How can you change your personality?

A

Psilocybin (drugs), living abroad, general interventions, targeted intervention, psychotherapy.

35
Q

What is the Biological approach to measuring personality?

A

Correlates the brain with thoughts/feelings/behaviours.

36
Q

What is a con of the biological approach?

A

Mostly inferential (except when lots of prior evidence)

37
Q

What two aspects of the brain can be examined?

A

Anatomy (functions) and Biochemistry.

38
Q

How do we learn about how brain function is related to personality?

A

Lesions, Brain stimulations, Brain scans.

39
Q

Two types of Brain Stimulations?

A

TMS and tDCS

40
Q

Two types of Brain Scans?

A

fMRI and EEG

41
Q

What does an fMRI view?

A

Blood oxygenation in active areas (just more active than the rest of the brain).

42
Q

What does an EEG view?

A

The electric activity of active neurons in the brain.

43
Q

What is a network analysis?

A

Emphasises the interconnectedness of the brain (no happy area, just a happy network).

44
Q

What are neurotransmitters?

A

How neurons communicate, chemical and electric signals.

45
Q

What are two different processes that involve individuals pairing together?

A

Maximisation and Equalization.

46
Q

Why are ambiguous stimuli important for TAT?

A

To assess motives (personality). Underlying needs we are wanting to satisfy.

Psyc211 - Personality (1 decks)

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