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art history > mid term > Flashcards

mid term Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

style

A

how an artist uses his/her medium

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2
Q

hieratic scale

A

some figures appear larger than others based on their importance

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3
Q

foreshortening

A

showing an object or view as closer than It is

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4
Q

c-14 dating

A

dating that looks at the decay of carbo 14 isotopes in organic remains

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5
Q

Paleolithic

A

old Stone Age, 2.5 million years ago to 10,000 BC, period when mankind relied on hunting and gathering

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6
Q

neolithic

A

“new stone” age 10,000 BCE

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7
Q

ziggurat

A

raises earthen ramp that led to a temple in ancient Mesopotamia

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8
Q

stele

A

stone or wooden slab erected in the ancient world as a monument

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9
Q

lamassu

A

half man, half bull statues that protected the Babylonian kings

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10
Q

profile

A

side view

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11
Q

cyclopean masonry

A

large ashlar blocks

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12
Q

cylinder seals

A

used as signatures for owners, and when rolled out contain visual narratives

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13
Q

contrapposto

A

when a figure stands with one leg holding its full weight and the other leg relaxed

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14
Q

groundline

A

the baseline in which figures appear to stand

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15
Q

catal hoyuk

A

oldest planned town, with roof only entrances

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16
Q

megalith

A

means big stone, with monuments usually arranged in a circle

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17
Q

lintel

A

beam used to span an opening

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18
Q

ancient near east

A

where agriculture and domesticating animals became mankind primary food sources and the first cities are built

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19
Q

urban revolution

A

the shift from small villages to larger socially, complex cities and communities

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20
Q

bitumen

A

pitch/ tar-like substance

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21
Q

composite view

A

frontal torso, profile head, and legs

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22
Q

Jericho

A

the first fortified town with a stone tower and rock cut ditch and defense wall

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23
Q

Ain ghazal

A

the site where statues of reed and plaster, with shell eyes

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24
Q

Venus de Willendrof

A

fertility figure based on exaggerated sexuality

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25
law code of Hammurabi
Babylonian stele showing the gods granting the right to rule
26
Gates of Babylon
used glazed brickwork, real and imaginary animals, and the arch
27
Stele of Naram Sin
military victory of a king shown in hieratic scale, and connection to the divine, taken by rival city as spolia
28
diorite
rare and expensive stone, used in the state of Gudae to show the ability of a ruler to gain access to goods
29
votives
offering thanks or prayers to the gods on behalf of the donor
30
Standard of Ur
sumerian, represents an early example of visual narrative and the power of the king in war, as in providing abundance
31
Narmer Palette
used on acrolithic statues, shows Egyptian predynastic king Narmer in hieratic scale, smiting an enemy, favored by Horus and unifying upper and lower Egypt
32
old kingdom
period an ancient Egypt when pyramid-building was most popular
33
mastaba
a trapezoidal mud-brick tomb
34
ben-ben stone
a pyramidal stone that served as the seat of power of Ra
35
repousse
a metalworking technique in which a malleable metal is shaped by hammering from the reverse side to create a design in low relief
36
hellenistic
relating to greek culture after the time of Alexander the Great
37
geometric period
period of greek art from 1000-850 BCE where figural designs are abandoned for geometric shapes appearing largely on pottery
38
frieze
on top of the architrave of greek temple, consists of triglyphs and metopes
39
entasis
describes the bulging at the center of a column, gives sense of movement
40
cella
main chamber of a doric temple, housed the images of the gods
41
chryselephantine
gold and ivory statue
42
Kouros
archaic period statue of a boy, appearing rigid inspired by Egyptian style statues, used as a grave marker
43
contrapposto
stance of statue, where the figure places weight all on one leg
44
Kritios boy
480 BCE, one of the earliest examples of contrapposto pose, after the Persian war
45
Diskobolos
450 BCE, my Myron, represents the height of Classical sculpture, motion
46
Doryphoros
roman copy of the original "spear bearer" by Polykleitos, represents perfect proportions, contra-posts pose. Possible model for Augstus primaporta
47
Riace bronze
casted bronze, found in the shipwreck off coast of Italy, showing signs of intense realism
48
Delian League
coalition of Athens and many of its neighboring cities like Sports following the first attempted invasion by Persia into Greece. Caused a lot of wealth to flow into Athens and thus contributed to the Athen golden age
49
Ionic Order
thinner and more fluted columns, with capitals decorated with scrolling pattern that resembles an "I" but draws its name from ionia or eastern Greece
50
Parthenon
architects- calibrated and Ictinus. Athens acropolis classical Greece, replacing earlier temple destroyed by the Persians, made entirely of imported greek marble, and based on the golden ratio. with man as the mature of all things
51
Artemision bronze
one of the 4 greek bronzes, representing a statue of Zeus or Poseidon, demonstrated improved anatomy, bronze flexibility
52
hermes and Baby Dionysus
praxiteles, 320-310 BCE. playful, compared to Scopas. polished on front, back rough, baby rendered as a child, fleshy. grapes missing
53
Alexander bust, Lysippos
Leonine hair, Anatole, slight turn of the head, upturned eyes, arete
54
Apoxyomenos (scraper)
Lyippos, 330BCE
55
the dying gaul
Pergamon, 230-220 BCE, Epigonos, Eumenes 2. noble barbarian, dying, sense of deep empathy
56
boxer at rest
330-50 BCE, cauliflower ears, over muscled, sympathy
57
Laocoon group
trojan priest punished for exposing greek deceit. roman copy of greek original 2nd C BCE.
58
slipper slapper
100 BCE, parian marble, Aphrodite, pan, eros, playful
59
Great Altar of Zeus, Pergamon
2nd c BCE. Gigantomachy scenes, U-shaped altar
60
veristic
sculptures from the roman republic characterized by extreme realism, true facial features
61
corinthian order
most ornate of the orders- contains a base, a fluted column shaft, and the capital is elaborate and decorated with leaf carvings
62
engaged column
a half-round column attached to a wall
63
pantheon
one of the most famous Roman temples, commissioned by emperor Hadrian. dedicated to all the gods. huge concrete dome lightened by coffers and different weights, and columns imported from Egypt
64
Augustus Primaporta
sculpture of emperor Augustus, finger pointing upwards= oratory gesture, sign of power. toga worn casually around waist and no shoes= hero of the people message. cupid, a not to Venus and connection to Julius caesar and Aeneas. inspired by Classical Greek dory-Horus statue and roman arringatore
65
ara pacis
imperial, rome. alter of peace, built to honor the peace established by Augustus and honor Pax, the goddess of peace, contains carved fires of roman imperial procession
66
Arch of Titus
erected the monument to honor emperor Titus' capture of Jerusalem in 70 CE, in Rome. shows Menorah being taken
67
Colosseum/ Flavian amphitheater
rome, 80 BCE. stone and concrete arena for gladiator/ animal/ bloodsport fights, could fit 50,000 people, replaces part of Nero's golden house, a major accomplishment in terms of engineering with arches, hoists and water reservoirs
68
Bust of Brutus
artist: unknown. Medium: bronze casting bust. period: republican rome. Signifigance: depicts the founder and first consul of the republic. displays individualistic characteristics

art history (1 decks)

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