Mid term Flashcards
- Group cohesion can improve performance because ______.
A. cohesive teams are more likely to accept the team’s goals
B. cohesive teams foster intergroup competition.
C. cohesive teams are less likely to comply with group norms.
D. cohesive groups foster competition between members
A. cohesive teams are more likely to accept the team’s goals
- The style of group decision making where group votes and majority rules is ______.
A. democratic
B. consultative
C. consensus
D. normative
A. democratic
- Finding out who is affected, where/when/why/how a problem occurs is part of ______?
A. problem recognition
B. problem analysis
C. problem definition
D. information integration
B. problem analysis
- Team altruism is driven by ______.
A. impression management
B. concern for others
C. social approval
D. rewards
A. impression management
- The most important finding of Milgram’s (1974) study is that ______.
A. obedience occurred even when authority had no reward or punitive power.
B. conformity is due to two influential processes.
C. obedience occurs only when authority can punish.
D. power may be abused by those with status.
A. obedience occurred even when authority had no reward or punitive power.
- Which of the following factors does NOT predict leader emergence?
A. gender
B. personality
C. effectiveness
D. intelligence
C. effectiveness
- ______ provides information for identifying and solving future problems.
A. Identification
B. Evaluation
C. Implementation
D. Defining
B. Evaluation
- Which of the following teams would have a safe environment for feedback?
A. a team that has high-status differences among members
B. a team that has a leader who includes all members
C. a team with norms that prohibit criticism.
D. a team that emphasizes social over task behaviors
B. a team that has a leader who includes all members
- Which of the following is FALSE about team turnover?
A. It can have positive and negative effects on the team.
B. Socialization may manage negative effects on the team.
C. It is a rare occurrence.
D. It may introduce fresh perspectives to the team as new members join.
C. It is a rare occurrence.
- Which of the following is NOT a possible problem with individual decision making?
A. decision fatigue
B. use of heuristics
C. decreased speed.
D. limited access to information
C. decreased speed.
- The conflict management style a team uses can be ______ or ______.
A. cooperative; competitive
B. collaborative; competitive
C. collaborative; avoidant
D. constructive; cooperative
A. cooperative; competitive
- Which of the following statements is INCORRECT in terms of how team warm-ups should be used?
A. at the start of team meetings
B. to develop social relations between group members.
C. only when group members know each other well.
D. to aid in socializing with new members
C. only when group members know each other well.
- Teams that rush to make quick decisions in order to avoid disagreement experience a problem called ______.
A. negotiation focus
B. disagreements
C. evaluation bias
D. premature closure
D. premature closure
- Hawthorne discovered that ______.
A. studying workers has no impact on worker performance.
B. social factors have an important impact on performance.
C. breaking up tasks into smaller ones leads to an increase in performance
D. teams are no better at performing complex tasks than individuals.
E. the size of a team does not affect performance
B. social factors have an important impact on performance
- Which of the following is FALSE about the functional approach to team problem solving?
A. It emphasizes the quality of team discussions.
B. Research shows that generating alternative solutions is one of the most important functions for effective problem solving.
C. Research shows that evaluating negative consequences is one of the most important functions for effective problem solving.
D. Research shows that problem analysis is one of the most important functions for effective problem solving
B. Research shows that generating alternative solutions is one of the most important functions for effective problem solving.
- The four stages a team uses in the unitary path to problem solving are ______.
A. defining, describing, analysis, and implementation.
B. recognition, analysis, evaluation, and implementation
C. descriptive, functional, prescriptive, and ideal
D. orientation, conflict, emergence, and reinforcement
D. orientation, conflict, emergence, and reinforcement
- A Force Field Analysis can be used to ______.
A. estimate the financial costs of implementing a new solution.
B. understand factors that support or inhibit change that comes from implementing a new solution.
C. gain acceptance of a team’s solution
D. monitor feedback regarding the success of a solution
B. understand factors that support or inhibit change that comes from implementing a new solution.
- While various factors encourage competition, the most malleable factor is ______.
A. culture
B. personality
C. the organizational reward system
D. team leadership
C. the organizational reward system
- Organizations sometimes encounter problems when trying to empower teams because of ______.
A. team members do not want to be empowered.
B. supervisors and middle managers resist empowerment programs.
C. empowered teams are rarely successful.
D. empowerment has not been shown to have benefits
B. supervisors and middle managers resist empowerment programs.
- ______ is the ability to solve emotional problems.
A. Emotional intelligence
B. Cognitive ability
C. Communication
D. Trust
A. Emotional intelligence
- Self-managing teams are different from traditional work groups because of the ______.
A. they have fewer members.
B. there is no leader.
C. the teams are more strongly linked to the organization’s hierarchy
D. they make greater use of consensus or democratic decision-making.
E. the leader is selected by those outside of the team.
D. they make greater use of consensus or democratic decision-making.
- Which of the following is NOT a communication skill for team meetings?
A. ask questions appropriately.
B. listen actively.
C. focus on past behaviors when giving feedback.
D. process feelings in the group
C. focus on past behaviors when giving feedback.
- “Process mapping” leads to ______ for problem-solving teams.
A. construction of a shared mental model
B. identification of strengths and weaknesses of the team
C. identification of flaws in various solutions
D. construction of alternative perspectives
A. construction of a shared mental model
- The ______ proposes that members whose contributions to a team are poor are viewed as having less leadership potential.
A. transformation leadership theory
B. transactional leadership theory
C. babble effect
D. quality-of-communication hypothesis
D. quality-of-communication hypothesis
- Successful teams contain members who have all the following characteristics EXCEPT ______.
A. the skills, knowledge, and ability that match the task requirements.
B. social skills to operate effectively.
C. conscientiousness and extraversion
D. similar social and educational backgrounds to support good communication
D. similar social and educational backgrounds to support good communication.
- ______ refers to a phenomenon in which the effect of a group discussion leads to a final decision more extreme than the average of the members.
A. Group polarization
B. Groupthink
C. Risky shift phenomenon
D. Ringi effect
A. Group polarization
- What is needed to address the overuse of teams is ______.
A. restructure work so that tasks are more independent.
B. restructure organizations so that there are clear, authoritarian leaders.
C. knowing when and where they should be used and what is required for successful deployment
D. to stop the use of teams altogether.
C. knowing when and where they should be used and what is required for successful deployment
- Group socialization refers to a process by which ______.
A. a group is integrated into the larger organizational context.
B. a person becomes a member of a group.
C. leaders develop relations with individual members.
D. a person decides to leave a group.
B. a person becomes a member of a group.
- The Abilene paradox is an example of ______.
A. unhealthy leadership
B. unhealthy competition
C. unhealthy agreement
D. healthy disagreement or conflict
C. unhealthy agreement
- What are the two main reasons for conforming to group pressure?
A. power and social influence
B. normative influence and obedience
C. normative and informational influence
D. obedience and normative influence
C. normative and informational influence
- The use of teams by organizations is increasing because of the ______.
A. organizations are getting larger.
B. employees want their jobs to be simplified.
C. jobs are becoming more complex and interdependent.
D. organizations are seeking stability.
E. organizations are becoming more hierarchical.
C. jobs are becoming more complex and interdependent.
- Someone who is concerned with both personal success and group success is called a(n) ______.
A. competitor
B. Machiavellian
C. individualist
D. cooperator
D. cooperator
- One of the main implications of the contingency approach to leadership is to ______.
A. develop ways to test and select good leaders.
B. understand the link between traits and behaviors with situations.
C. understand the substitutes for leadership.
D. develop methods to train people to be good leaders
B. understand the link between traits and behaviors with situations.
- Which of the power styles is forceful, critical, and negative?
A. passive
B. aggressive
C. assertive
D. controlling
B. aggressive
- The ______ to team leadership proposes that the leader’s job is to help the team “get the job done.”
A. behavioral approach
B. trait approach
C. charismatic approach
D. functional approach
D. functional approach
- One problem with team coaching is that leaders too often ______.
A. focus on micromanaging activities rather than building capabilities of the team.
B. do not have the skills to coach
C. do not have the time to coach.
D. focus on abilities rather than performance
A. focus on micromanaging activities rather than building capabilities of the team.
- Which of the following is FALSE regarding consensus decision making?
A. It is time-consuming.
B. It should be used for simple problems.
C. When done well, team members are more satisfied than with other approaches.
D. It has a greater likelihood of implementation by the team.
B. It should be used for simple problems.
- Competition is useful for teams when ______.
A. the competition is about money rather than social rewards
B. the competition is with teams from other organizations.
C. the competition is within the team rather than with other teams.
D. the competition is focused on the main goals of the team.
B. the competition is with teams from other organizations.
- Social loafing can be reduced in a group by ______.
A. making each individual’s performance less observable.
B. making the task more challenging.
C. making sure that the task may be performed independently.
D. increasing the number of individuals in the group
B. making the task more challenging.
- Which of the following is NOT a rule for constructive controversy?
A. establish openness norms.
B. get outside information.
C. combine ideas.
D. encourage conformity.
D. encourage conformity.
- Which of the following is a deep-level attribute of team members?
A. race
B. functional role
C. personality
D. sex
C. personality
- Which of the following statements about the stages of group development is FALSE?
A. Groups go through a storming or conflict stage after they have completed most of their work.
B. Groups need to establish norms before they can become fully productive.
C. Groups are more productive in their later stages of development.
D. Not all groups follow the typical pattern of stages of group development
- Which of the following is FALSE about the charismatic approach to leadership?
A. People are born with traits that make them charismatic leaders.
B. Skills of a charismatic leader can be learned and developed.
C. Communication skills are an important part of charismatic leadership.
D. Male leaders are viewed as more charismatic than female leaders.
D. Male leaders are viewed as more charismatic than female leaders.
- Many benefits from creating a team occur ______.
A. over the long run after completing many projects.
B. during the process of completing the first project.
C. when the team has a good relationship with managers.
D. after a team successfully completes the first project.
A. over the long run after completing many projects
- The reduction of individual contributions when people work in groups rather than alone refers to ______.
A. social loafing
B. free riding
C. the “sucker effect”
D. social facilitation
A. social loafing
- Team efficacy has ______ relationship with performance:
A. no
B. one-way
C. two-way
D. a curvilinear
C. two-way
- The transactional model of communication suggests that ______.
A. team members send and receive messages.
B. nonverbal communication is more important than verbal messages.
C. verbal messages are more important than nonverbal communication.
D. how messages are communicated does not affect member behavior.
A. team members send and receive messages.
- Which of the following does NOT characterize a good follower as proposed by implicit followership theories?
A. enthusiastic
B. hardworking
C. loyal
D. easily influenced.
D. easily influenced.
- Imagine a team that has to decide how to launch a new product in a global market, which requires exchanging information with members from many different parts of the world. What type of reward system would be best for such a team?
A. competitive
B. cooperative
C. performance-based
D. NO rewards should be offered.
B. cooperative
- Interpersonal processes of effective teams involve ______.
A. identifying and prioritizing goals.
B. providing feedback about task progress.
C. managing conflict, regulating teammate emotions, and encouraging team members
D. organizing team members to work in synchronous interdependence
C. managing conflict, regulating teammate emotions, and encouraging team members
- In Milgram’s (1974) study, participants ______.
A. were mostly reluctant to deliver electric shocks when the learner was a child.
B. incorrectly judged the length of a line when pressured by others.
C. delivered electric shocks to innocent strangers when commanded by their peers
D. were more obedient to a physically present authority figure.
D. were more obedient to a physically present authority figure.
- Which of the following is NOT a way to encourage cooperation within a group?
A. setting superordinate goals
B. encouraging altruistic norms.
C. increase competition against other groups
D. building communication
C. increase competition against other groups
- Group process observations ______.
A. should be done by someone who is not a group member.
B. should help to define the appropriate behaviors that each member should perform.
C. help the group to work on its problems when they occur.
D. should be done a period of time after problems occur
C. help the group to work on its problems when they occur.
- Developing integrative agreements requires focusing discussions toward ______ and away from ______.
A. interests; positions
B. positions; interests
C. compromise; conflict
D. conflict; compromise
A. interests; positions
- Research suggests that when communicating, teams spend their time ______.
A. reviewing common information everyone knows.
B. combining unique perspectives of various members.
C. withholding information from each other.
D. sharing new knowledge with each other.
A. reviewing common information everyone knows.
Which of the following is NOT a reason groups and teams matter?
A. Reliance on teamwork is increasing in the workplace.
B. Teamwork skills are highly valued by employers.
C. Groups are central to many aspects of our lives.
D. Understanding groups and teams provides insight into what influences our own behaviors and the behaviors of others around us
E. All the above are reasons groups and teams matter.
E. All the above are reasons groups and teams matter.
- When asking questions at a team meeting, the leader should ______.
A. ask questions of the entire team whenever possible.
B. direct the question to the most quiet member to encourage participation
C. refrain from asking open-ended questions.
D. ask only close-ended questions
A. ask questions of the entire team whenever possible.
- Which of the following is NOT a component of emotional intelligence?
A. self-awareness
B. empathy
C. relationship management
D. trustworthiness
D. trustworthiness
- What do supportive organizational cultures encourage that enhance team success?
A. individual-based evaluation and rewards
B. open communication and collaborative effort
C. homogeneity in thinking and idea generation
D. authoritarian leadership
B. open communication and collaborative effort
- The work of Kurt Lewin and his followers changed the study of group dynamics by ______.
A. focusing on the individual, rather than the group, as the unit of study
B. developing an action research approach that demonstrated the value of applied research and theory.
C. showing how the study of individuals could be used to promote social change.
D. focusing on leaders as drivers of group processes.
E. focusing on experimental lab research.
B. developing an action research approach that demonstrated the value of applied research and theory
- Ground rules that define appropriate and inappropriate behavior in a team are called ______.
A. agendas
B. goals
C. norms
D. conflicts
C. norms
- ______ describes decision-making flaws caused by a group’s desire to have good social relations instead of making the best decision.
A. Normative decision making
B. Groupthink
C. Social influence
D. Nominal decision making
B. Groupthink
- Grounded in ______, one source of conflict arises from a tendency for members of a team to have conceptions of “us” versus “them.”
A. favoritism theory
B. intergroup dynamics theory
C. discrimination theory
D. social identity theory
D. social identity theory
- Which decision-making approach increases speed but lowers quality?
A. individual decision making
B. team decision making
C. consensus
D. majority vote
D. majority vote
- One of the important lessons from the study of group development is ______.
A. strong leadership is crucial to group success.
B. teams should focus on productivity at the beginning of a project.
C. most of the productive work occurs during the later stages of projects
D. good social relations among team members often do not develop until the end of a project
. most of the productive work occurs during the later stages of projects
- The approach to conflict management that emphasizes both assertiveness (advocating one’s position) and cooperativeness (concern for the other side’s position) is called ______.
A. collaboration
B. confrontation
C. avoidance
D. accommodation
A. collaboration
- Collective intelligence is related to ______.
A. the sum of individual team members’ intelligence
B. the average emotional intelligence of members and equality of communication within the team
C. emotional intelligence of the team’s leader
D. the culture of the organization to which the team belongs.
the average emotional intelligence of members and equality of communication within the team
- All of the following are functions of team reflexivity EXCEPT ______.
A. develop explanations of why the behaviors occurred.
B. clarify roles of team members.
C. verify team members’ perspectives about what occurred.
D. receive feedback about the success or failure of actions.
B. clarify roles of team members.
- Research shows that teams experiencing relational conflict but that are higher in levels of ______ recover to be more effective than teams that did not have any relational conflict.
A. trust
B. psychological safety
C. avoidance
D. cognitive reappraisal
D. cognitive reappraisal
- Compared to equal-status teams, teams with unequal amounts of power or status tend to ______.
A. have more communication.
B. have more autocratic decision making.
C. have a more even distribution of communication among members.
D. have more trust
B. have more autocratic decision making.
- Which of the following is NOT one of the stages of group socialization?
A. investigation
B. socialization
C. absorption
D. maintenance
C. absorption
- Research on the use of self-managed teams in organizations shows that ______.
A. they are not successful when used with production workers.
B. they are more successful with members who have experience with the task and with teamwork.
C. they are preferred by members of professional teams.
D. they are most suited for teams in which members have different areas of expertise
B. they are more successful with members who have experience with the task and with teamwork
- Groups are defined by all the following characteristics EXCEPT ______.
A. group members mutually influence each other.
B. group members interact to achieve a common goal
C. there must be at least two members.
D. there must be no more than 10 members.
E. groups need to have a reason to exist
D. there must be no more than 10 members.
- Early research suggests the “babble effect” is related to ______.
A. leader emergence
B. group selection of a leader
C. effectiveness of a leader
D. quality of communication by the leader
A. leader emergence
- Which of the following is NOT a benefit of shared leadership?
A. lower workload
B. greater trust among team members
C. more cohesion
D. better performance of the team
A. lower workload
- What is the relationship between team success and organizational context?
A. Successful teams change the organization and create their own context.
B. Organizational context is not one of the main determinants of team success.
C. The organization’s feedback and reward system is an important part of a team’s organizational context.
D. Supportive organizational cultures promote open communication and give power and responsibility to the manager
C. The organization’s feedback and reward system is an important part of a team’s organizational context.
- A minority in a team can become influential by all of the following EXCEPT ______.
A. being consistent and sticking to their position.
B. displaying self-confidence in their position.
C. appearing autonomous and free to make their own choices
D. demonstrating flexibility and willingness to compromise.
D. demonstrating flexibility and willingness to compromise.
- Which type of team coaching is focused on building knowledge, skills, and abilities of group members?
A. motivational
B. consultative
C. educational
D. contingent
C. educational
- The best way to fully utilize team resources is the ______ approach to group decision making.
A. democratic
B. consultative
C. consensus
D. normative
C. consensus
- Which of the approaches to conflict management does NOT have the problem of creating winners and losers?
A. accommodation
B. confrontation
C. avoidance
D. compromise
A. accommodation
- All of the following are poor information processes that keep unique information from being shared EXCEPT ______.
A. negotiation focus
B. discussion bias
C. evaluation bias
D. emotional suppression
D. emotional suppression
- Building trust in a team requires all the following EXCEPT ______.
A. team efficacy
B. safe team environment
C. time
D. constant changes in team membership
D. constant changes in team membership
- Problems vary in their levels in all of the following ways EXCEPT ______.
A. severity
B. familiarity
C. complexity
D. feasibility
D. feasibility
- The behavioral approach to leadership has shown that ______.
A. democratic decision making is more accurate than authoritarian decision making.
B. authoritarian leaders are better at implementing decisions.
C. task-oriented leaders are more effective than social-oriented leaders
D. team members tend to prefer leaders who help develop and maintain supportive social relations
D. team members tend to prefer leaders who help develop and maintain supportive social relations
- Indispensability occurs when ______.
A. individual members feel their contributions to the team are important
B. individual members do not believe their efforts are important.
C. free riding occurs.
D. tasks are interesting.
A. individual members feel their contributions to the team are important
- Which of the following is NOT an important activity for a meeting facilitator?
A. advocate their position, so the group understands it.
B. maintain an open communication climate.
C. manage disruptive behaviors.
D. manage differences among group members.
A. advocate their position, so the group understands it