mid term

Question 1

What is biogeography

Answer 1

Study of the geographical distributions of plants and animals

Question 2

what are the 3 divisions of biogeography

Answer 2

Zoogeography- study of the distribution and abundance of Animals
Phytogeography-“” plants
microbial- “” bacteria

Question 3

What is a habitat

Answer 3

local area characterised by a specific set of environmental conditions

Question 4

sizes of habitats

Answer 4

Micro >m, meso, macro, mega

Question 5

What’s the difference between a habitat generalist and a habitat specialist

Answer 5

A specialist requires a certain set of environment conditions where as generalists can live almost anywhere

Question 6

What is environmental tolerance

Answer 6

ability of any species to maintain and reproduce itself in a given environment

Question 7

What is shelfords law

Answer 7

Each organism has ecological minimum and maximum limits of tolerance

Question 8

what is the difference between a eurytopic species and a stenotopic species

Answer 8

eurytopic has a wide tolerance
stenotopic has low tolerance

Question 9

what is stress

Answer 9

it occurs when energy is directed away from growth and reproduction towards maintenance

Question 10

What are the two master limiting factors

Answer 10

Water and temperature

Question 11

list the needs for water in animals

Answer 11

excretory system
temp regulation
work the lungs

Question 12

classify plants with moisture

Answer 12

hydrophytes- live in water
halophytes- marsh
mesophytes- moderate moisture
xerophytes- (0) moisture

Question 13

what is the temperature at which chilling sensitive plants die

Answer 13

10 degrees

Question 14

what is the frost tolerant temperature

Answer 14

-40

Question 15

what is the frost tolerant temperature

Answer 15

-15

Question 16

characteristics of endotherms

Answer 16

high metabolisms
can generate and maintain body heat
distribution indépendant to to temperature

Question 17

what is the thermal neutral zone

Answer 17

zone where no metabolism is used

Question 18

ectotherm characteristics

Answer 18

cold blooded
need to soak there heat in through solar radiation

Question 19

in northern hemisphere what side of a slope is warmer

Answer 19

south (prone to drought)

Question 20

define population

Answer 20

loose collection of individuals belonging to the same species that can interbreed

Question 21

define local population

Answer 21

tightly linked interbreeding group

Question 22

define natality

Answer 22

offspring produced per unit population per unit time

Question 23

Define fertility

Answer 23

actual reproductive performance of a population measured by a reproductive rate

Question 24

Define Fecundity

Answer 24

potential reproduction of offspring

Question 25

Define carrying capacity

Answer 25

A limit to the number of individuals a habitat can support

Question 26

Define population irruptions

Answer 26

pop surges then crashes fast (boom and bust)

Question 27

Difference in population dependant and independent factors

Answer 27

indépendant factors dont give a shit about the population dependant factors are influenced by the population

Question 28

What is a life table

Answer 28

of individuals expected in each age class based on ability to produce offspring and survival rates based on females

Question 29

What is survivorship

Answer 29

How many of the species are expected to reach a certain age

Question 30

difference between sources and sinks

Answer 30

sources is a good habitat that produce reproductive success over death sink is local mortality is greater than sexy time due to habitat

Question 31

What is a meta population

Answer 31

A population where there are many sub groups of the same species that frequently imm/emagrate

Question 32

What are the 4 types of meta populations

Answer 32

Loose- interactions are rare between sup pops Tight- heaps of interactions extinction and colonisation- high turnover rates mainland island- rescue effect essential a large persistent pop and mixture of small sup pop prone to extinction

Question 33

what is the rescue effect

Answer 33

rescue effect- local extinction prevented by occasional immagrents, high species diversity

Question 34

characteristics of r strategists

Answer 34

R- rely on habitat with little competition, high pop growth rate short gen time bacteria

Question 35

characteristics of k stratagists

Answer 35

slow growth rate usually stable habitat. elephants

Question 36

what are the 4 types of mutual cooexistance

Answer 36

Neutralism- no interaction protocooperation- both benefit but is not obligated too mutualism- both benefit but its obligated commensalisms- one benefits the other is unharmed

Question 37

what's a detritivores

Answer 37

feed on waste and debris chew and bring orgnanic matter

Question 38

what's the difference between ecosphere and ecosystem

Answer 38

ecosphere- all living things plus life support ecosystem- a space in what organisms interact together and with the environment

Question 39

community structure vs functions

Answer 39

structure- diversity, composition and biomass species functions- energy flow and nutrient cycle

Question 40

photo mass

Answer 40

is the living material in all producers

Question 41

basal metabolic rate equation

Answer 41

M=cm^0.75

Question 42

features of small animals

Answer 42

higher rates such as cardiac and respiratory meaning has smaller lifespan is more active and higher reproductive rates

Question 43

features of big animals

Answer 43

larger storage meaning less effected by drought starvation and cold. slower reproduction rate

Question 44

are smaller or large animals specialist and use smaller geographic areas and there are fuck tons of them

Answer 44

smaller

Question 45

what's a keystone species

Answer 45

a species all others rely on in ecosystem

Question 46

What's the first and second law of thermo dynamics

Answer 46

Energy is not created or destroyed. when its transferred some of the energy is lost to useless shit

Question 47

what is prey switching

Answer 47

eating the most commonly available prey

Question 48

what is prey selecting

Answer 48

only choosing to eat the best/ favourite food

Question 49

difference between intra and interspecies competition

Answer 49

inter is different species intra is same species