MID TERM Flashcards by Lauren McFadden

What type of government did Hobbes feel was the best for keeping the people safe under the social contract?
a) Absolute Monarchy
b) Limited/Constitutional Monarchy
c) A Democratic Republic
d) A pure democracy

Limited/Constitutional Monarchy

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The principles of checks and balances and separation of powers were put forward by…?
a) Jean-Jacues Rosseau
b) Marry Wollstonecroft
c) Denis Diderot
d) Charles Louis Secondat, the Baron de Montesquieu

Charles Louis Secondat, the Baron de Montesquieu

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Why was Diderot’s Encyclopedia so important to the Enlightenment?
a) He came up with many of the ideas originally
b) The popularity of the books spread the ideas of the Enlightenment
c) The banning of the Encyclopedia caused the church to fail
d) It became required reading in the new public schools of the day

The popularity of the books spread the ideas of the Enlightenment

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Who or what did Adam Smith argue should regulate business activity in his book The Wealth of Nations?
a) The monarchs of the world’s nations
b) The merchant’s classes
c) He argued that they could not be regulated
d) The free market

The free market

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which French estate(s) had to pay taxes?
a) The first estate
b) The second estate
c) The third estate
d) All of them, although the amounts depended on personal income

The third estate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which was NOT a cause of heavy French debt in the late 1700s?
a) The colonization of Africa
b) The seven years war
c) The American Revolution
d) The cashiers

The Colonization of Africa

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Why did Louis XVI finally agree to summon the estates general?
a) He feared invasion from England
b) France was on the verge of bankruptcy
c) The estates general forced him to do so
d) The cashiers were demanding reforms

France was on the verge of bankruptcy

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What did the Parisian mob storm the Bastille?
a) To rescue their leaders from prison
b) Because they thought the king and queen were there
c) to capture the Spanish ambassador who lived there
d) to seize guns and ammunition for the flight they anticipated

to seize guns and ammunition for the flight they anticipated

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The Declaration of The Rights of Man and the Citizen stated that
a) Male and Female citizens were equal before the law
b) all citizens had to pay equal taxes
c) people had rights to liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression
d) all male citizens had the right to vote

people had rights to liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The Civil Constitution of the Clergy
a) Abolished the Catholic Church in France
b) Made Catholicism the official religion of France
c) Made the Clergy part of the Third estate
d) Put the French Catholic Church under state control

Put the French Catholic Church under state control

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What was the response of King Louis XVI to the coming Constitution of 1791, which would make France a limited monarchy?
a) He and his family tried to flee the country
b) He welcomed the change
c) He ordered the execution of the Legislative Assembly
d) He had the French Supreme Court justices arrested

He and his family tried to flee the country

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Why were other European leaders worried by the French Revolution?
a) They were worried that the French Economy might collapse, but hurt everyone else
b) They were worried that the French would expand and take over Europe
c) They weren’t especially worried that the French would expand and take over Europe
d) They were worried that it would lead to similar revolutions in their own countries

They were worried that it would lead to similar revolutions in their own countries

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

In 1792, the radical Jacobins controlling the National Convention voted to abolish the monarchy and declare France
a) A repubic
b) A theoocracy
c) A dictatorship
d) Bankrupt

A repubic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What was the point of the levee an masse (mass levy) enacted by the committee of the Public Safety?
a) To make sure that all citizens got a public education
b) To ensure fair taxes for all income levels
c) To mobilize all French citizens to support the war effort
d) To discover spies or traitors still active in France

To mobilize all French citizens to support the war effort

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

During “Reign of Terror,” Robespierre tried to
a) Restore the Catholic Church
b) Crush all opposition to the revolution
c) Reinstate the monarchy
d) Execute all French nobles/aristocrats

Crush all opposition to the revolution

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following social reforms were NOT part of the new French Republic?
a) An end to slavery in the colonies
b) The creation of state schools to replace religious schools
c) The creation of secular holidays to replace religious ones
d) Equal rights for women

Equal rights for women

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Victory over the forces of which country at the Battle of Toulon helped win Napoleon national popularity?
a) Russian
b) British
c) French
d) Prussian

British

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How did the Napoleon code reflect enlightenment principles?
a) It guaranteed the equality of all citizens before the law
b) It guaranteed women equal rights
c) It valued individual rights above all else
d) It valued the security of the state over individual liberty

It guaranteed the equality of all citizens before the law

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What was Napoleon’s attempt to defeat Britain through economic warfare called?
a) The Arc of Triumph
b) The Scorched Earth Strategy
c) The Great Blockade
d) The Continental system

The Continental system

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which country’s guerilla warfare efforts made France’s occupation difficult?
a) Poland
b) Spain
c) Egypt
d) Germany

Spain

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What was the result of Napoleon’s invasion of Russia?
a) A years-long war which resulted in a bitter peace treaty
b) A renewal of the French alliance with Russia
c) A staggering French defeat
d) A crushing victory over the Russians

A staggering French defeat

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which famous lost battle meant the end of Napoleon at last?
a) Battle of Austerlitz
b) Battle of Nile
c) Battle of Waterloo
d) Battle of Trafalgar

Battle of Waterloo

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How did Congress of Vienna hope to create a lasting peace in Europe?
a) By outlawing war forever
b) By putting Russia in charge of enforcing the peace
c) By creating a “peace council” run by the pope to punish war
d) Through a “balance of power” system of loose alliances

Through a “balance of power” system of loose alliances

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Why did European farmers start using systems of crop rotation in the 1700s?
a) It followed superstitious beliefs of peasants
b) To put needed nutrients back into the soil
c) To add to the variety of crops available for sale
d) To limit the amount of crops damaged by pests

To put needed nutrients back into the soil

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What was one way that the Agricultural Revolution helped the Industrial Revolution? a) It returned workers from factories to their farms b) It made it possible to divide farms into smaller sections c) It led to the first biofuels- some of which we still use today d) It created large numbers of unemployed farmers who needed industrial jobs

It created large numbers of unemployed farmers who needed industrial jobs

What was the most important new source of energy in the 1700s? a) Coal-fired steam engines b) Internal combustion engines c) Early solar stoves for cooking d) Wind-generated electricity

Coal-fired steam engines

What was the main reason that employers preferred woman workers to men? a) Women complained less than men b) Women had children who could also work c) Women were more capable than men d) Employers were able to pay women less then men

Employers were able to pay women less then men

How did the factory owners usually respond to the workers protesting for more rights? a) They often sought arbitration through the courts b) With harsh repression and violence c) They usually didn't care about such protests d) They allowed their middle managers to negotiate

With harsh repression and violence

How did the middle class generally view the poor during the Industrial Revolution? a) They felt responsible for taking care of the poor b) They felt that they were essentially the same as the poor c) They were sympathetic to the plight of the poor d) They believed the poor were responsible for their own misery

They believed the poor were responsible for their own misery

Who was the main advocate of laissez-faire economics? a) Karl Marx b) Friedrich Engels c) Adam Smith d) John Stuart Mill

Adam Smith

The idea that the goal of society should be "the greatest happiness for the greatest number" of its citizens was a philosophy held by which group? a) Utopians b) Utilitarians c) Capitalists d) Marxists

Utilitarians

Which of the following conditions during the Industrial Revolution supported Karl Marx's ideas? a) There are a few wealthy business people while a majority of the people were poor b) More material goods were available c) People were no longer threatened by famine d) People left the countryside and moved to the cities

There are a few wealthy business people while a majority of the people were poor

How did British try to maintain their technological "head start" over the rest of the world? a) By selling industrial secrets to rivals, but only for high prices to help prices to help their own economy b) By going to war against France and Belgium c) By blockading the ports of the countries that tried to steal their technology d) By enforcing strict laws against exporting inventions

By enforcing strict laws against exporting inventions

Why did successful companies start hiring scientists in the late 1800s? a) To come up with ways to sabotage their competitors b) To invent new products and production methods c) To educate investors regarding their products d) By enforcing strict laws against exporting inventions

To invent new products and production methods

What are cartels? a) Business associations formed to fix prices and control markets b) Business partnerships which encourage competition c) Illegal drug distributors d) Criminal organizations operating legitimate businesses

Business associations formed to fix prices and control markets

What did the industrial and business families have that the nobility of Europe needed, which caused them to inter-marry? a) Acess to better jobs b) Factories c) Money d) Titles

Money

Why was public education considered important in the 1800s? a) To make sure that children could go to college b) To make sure that all people had equal opportunities c) To produce better citizens d) To make sure that men and women were both competitive for available jobs

To produce better citizens

Why did Darwin's theory of evolution cause such controversy? a) It disagreed with the Biblical account of creation b) It argued that religion was just a way for the state to control the masses c) It denied the existence of God d) It challenged the moral teachings of the church

It disagreed with the Biblical account of creation

Napoleon's creation of the Confederation of the Rhine had the effect of a) Expanding German laws against Jews, making it harder for them to survive b) Making trade between the Germanic regions more difficult and expensive c) Disintegrating German unity, causing Germany to collapse into smaller principalities d) Increasing German nationalism and desire for a united German state

Increasing German nationalism and desire for a united German state

What aspect of Prussian power did Bismarck primarily emphasize? a) Diplomacy b) The economy c) The navy d) The army

The constitution of the Second Peich set up a two-house legislature that a) was extremely democratic in most respects b) Gave real power to the Kaiser and the chancellor c) Was controlled by the Reichstag d) Was entirely elected by the universal suffrage

Was entirely elected by the universal suffrage

Prior to the 1800s, when was the last time that the Italian peninsula had been politically unified? a) During the Napoleonic Wars b) Under the Roman Empire c) When was it ruled by the Medicis (the Medici family) in the 1400s d) During the Hundred Years' war

Under the Roman Empire

Which Italian kingdom eventually united all of Italy under King Victor Emmanuel II? a) Sardania b) The Two Sicilies C) Tuscany d) Parma

Sardania

Under unification, relations between Italy's government and the Roman Catholic Church were a) Friendly b) Cautiously supportive c) Hostile d) Indifferent

Hostile

What did the Decembrists demand during their revolt in Russia? a) An end to the monarchy b) A constitution for Russia c) An empire in the Americas D) Currency reform

A constitution for Russia

The three traditional "pillars" of russian absolutism were orthodoxy, autocracy, ad a) Oligarchy b) Nationalism c) Democracy d) Reform

Nationalism

A major milestone in Russian history occurred in 1861 when Czar Alexander II a) Banned all elected assemblies b) Did away with all new legal reforms c) Tightened government censorship d) Emancipated the Russian serfs

Emancipated the Russian serfs

What event(s) caused the Russians to rise up in rebellion in 1905? a) Napoleon's invasion of Russia b) The slaughter of religious demonstrators on Bloody Sunday c) The prosecution of the Jews and Muslims d) The freeing of the serfs

The slaughter of religious demonstrators on Bloody Sunday

The "New Imperialism" of the Europeans in the 18th and 19th centuries was driven by the needs to a) regain the lost knowledge and technology of the ancients b) gain natural resources for manufacturing and new markets for goods c) expand cultural contacts and exposure to other groups d) Import new foods, styles, and music

gain natural resources for manufacturing and new markets for goods

"Social Darwinism" mistakenly applies Darwin's ideas about species competition to a) the evolution of various edible crop species for cultivation b) the creations of cartels in different industries (such as oil or gas) c) the various planets (and planetary bodies) in the solar system d) Various human "races", thus "proving" racial superiority of some groups over others

Various human "races", thus "proving" racial superiority of some groups over others

One advantage the European countries had in their imperial expansion was a) their superior military technology b) their outstanding knowledge of global geography c) lack of any resistance from African or Asian natives d) their poorly organized and dysfunctional governments

their superior military technology

Critics of imperialism charged that acquiring colonies was a) bad for European economies b) morally necessary to advance Christianity c) immoral, since it represented the rich preying on the poor d) Too democratic

immoral, since it represented the rich preying on the poor

What advances of the 1800s finally made African exploration possible for the Europeans? a) the assembly line b) electricity and telegrams c) interchangeable parts d) medicine and river steamboats

medicine and river steamboats

Why did King Leopold II sponsor Christianity missionary groups to explore the Congo? a) to explore and map the area for his eventual attack b) To help ensure humane treatment of the slaves c) to study African religion and cultures d) to convert Africas to Christianity

to explore and map the area for his eventual attack

Why did the Europeans hold the Berlin Conference in 1884? a) In order to end the slave trade with with the Americas b) Because of the public outcry against Leopold's brutality in the Congo c) In order to avoid conflicts with each other over dividing Africa d) to promote the sharing of medicine and technology with the Africans

In order to avoid conflicts with each other over dividing Africa

Ethiopia was able to resist the Europeans because a) it was an important trading partner to the French b) It had modern, European weapons and a well-trained army c) Its king had been educated in England d) It formed an alliance with the Ottomans

It had modern, European weapons and a well-trained army

The British East India Company took gradual control of most of India by a) Invading provinces at one time b) Enslaving the Indian population c) Making Indian Leaders equal allies and partners d) Supply rival Indian leaders with weapons and assistance

Supply rival Indian leaders with weapons and assistance

What event(s) led to the Idian colony being ruled by the British government directly rather than by the British East India Company? a) the Opium Wars b) the seven years war c) the sepoy rebellion d) the boer war

The sepoy rebellion

Britain transformed Indian agriculture by a) Introducing pesticides b) pushing farmers to grow cash crops c) introducing new fertilizers d) Improving irrigation methods

Pushing farmers to grow cash crops

Which social class or classes in India tended to benefit from and adopt British ways and attitudes? a) lower classes b) middle classes c) Upper classes d) all classes

Upper classes

How did the Industrial Revolution effect the European relationship with China? a) china forced European merchants to sign new trade deals that favored China b) European military technology outpaced that of China c) europeans stopped wanting Chinese products d) the Chinese began to demand more European products

European military technology outpaced that of China

WHat was the goal of the Taiping Rebellion? a) To join with Japan and Korea in their Greater Asian Alliance b) To create a "Heavenly Kingdom" of equality and peace on Earth c) To overthrow the Mongol-led government d) to create a new democratic republic in china

To create a "Heavenly Kingdom" of equality and peace on Earth

A crushing military defeat by which longtime rival convinced European powers that china was weak enough to e carved into spheres of influence in the lase 1800s? a) Mongolia b) Korea c) India d) Japan

Japan

What was the goal of the Boxer Uprising? a) To drive foreigners out of China b) To encourage their fellow Chinese to expand their operations in China c) to work with Christian missionaries to expand their operations in China d) to set up communities that could be guarded from the Chinese government

To drive foreigners out of China

Rule or law that governs human nature

Natural law

Thinkers who tried to apply scientific methods to societal problems

Philosophe

Melt in order to get the pure metal away from its waste matter

Smelt

Give up a high mater

Abdicate

Ballot in which voters have a direct say on an issue

Plebiscite

Shutting off of a port to keep people or supplies from moving in or out

Blockade

Drug that prevents pain during surgery

Anesthetic

Workers' organization

Labor Union

Add a territory onto an existing state or country

Annex

Movement from rural areas to cities

Urbanization

System in which people as a whole own property and businesses

Socialism

The right to rule- principle by which unseated monarchies restored

Legitimacy

Multistory building divided into crowded apartments

Tenement

Form of socialism advocated by Marx, & focused on class struggle

Communism

The process of taking over and closing off public lands

Enclosure

Fighting carried on through hit-and-run raids

Guerilla warfare

Farms, factories, railways, & other businesses that produce goods

Means of productions

Working class

Proletariat

Violent mob attack on Jewish community

Pogrom

Giant

Colossus

Someone who wants to abolish all government

Anarchist

Movement away from one's homeland

Emigration

Idealization of women and the home

Cult of domesticity

Prime minister

Chancellor

"resurgence," the Italian nationalist movement of the 1800s

Risorgimento

Identical components that can substitute for each other in manufacturing

Interchangeable parts

Granting of freedom to serfs or slaves

Emancipation

Realistic politics based on the needs of the state

Realpolitik

Elected national legislature in Russia

Duma

Campaign to limit or ban the use of alcoholic beverages

Temperance movement

Production method that breaks down complex job into smaller tasks

Assembly line

Machine used to generate electricity

Dynamo

Movement of the 1800s that urged Christians to do social service

Social gospel

Country with its own government but under control of an outside power

Protectorate

Situation in which a country exports more than it imports

Trade surplus

Upper class

Elite

The destruction of forest land

Deforestation

The use of western officals and appointees to run colonies

Direct Rule

European meeting to organize the colonization of Africa by Europeans

Berlin Conference

Right of foreigners to be protected by the laws of their own nation

Extraterritoriality

Hindu custom requiring a wife to throw herself on husband's funeral pyre

Sati

In Islam, an effort in God's service- a holy struggle

Jihad

Payment for losses in war

Indemnity

Domination of one country of the political/econ'c/cultural life of another

Imperialism

Representative who governed in India in the name of British monarch

Viceroy

Situation in which a country imports more than it export

Trade deficit

Area in which outside power claims exclusive privileges

Sphere of Influence

Someone sent on a religious mission

missionary

Indian soldier in army set up by French or British East India Company

Sepoy

Right to vote

Suffrage

Situation in which a government spent more money than it takes in

Deficit spending

Having to do with worldly, rather than religious matters

Secular

Agreement wherein people give up freedom to gov't to avoid chaos

Social contracts

Person who flees his or her country for political reasons

Emigre

Enlightenment thinkers who sought natural laws to explain economics

Physiocrat

Government in which officials are chosen by the people

Republic

A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country

Nationalism

Small group

Faction

The middle class

Bourgeoisie

The three estate group which met to form a new French constitution

Declaration of Pilnitz

Five-man executive branch of the French Government

National Assembly

Enlightenment thinkers who sought natural laws to explain economics

MID TERM Flashcards

(127 cards)