mid term

Question 1

what are the infective agents?

Answer 1

VBFP - virus, bacteria, fungi and parasite

Question 2

which one can be seen under a microscope?

Answer 2

bacteria, fungi and parasite

Question 3

which one cannot be seen under a microscope?

Answer 3

virus

Question 4

how long does it take for a result to be out once spread on an agar plate?

Answer 4

18-20hrs - overnight incubation

Question 5

what colors are the gram + and gram -?

Answer 5

gram + - purple
gram - - pink

Question 6

why are the colours like that?

Answer 6

gram + have thicker peptidoglycan as compared to gram -

Question 7

3 types of bacteria?

Answer 7

CCI - commensal, colonisation and infection

Question 8

what is commensal bacteria?

Answer 8

normal flora found in our body. not harmful

Question 9

what is colonisation?

Answer 9

presence of bacteria without infection. found in moist and warm body areas

Question 10

what is infection?

Answer 10

invasion and multiplication of pathogens in a body part or tissue

Question 11

what are the investigations for bacteria?

Answer 11

MCNS - microscopy (gram stain), culture and sensitivity

Question 12

how long do a culture and sensitivity test results take?

Answer 12

up to 3 days

Question 13

what are the investigations for virus?

Answer 13

PCR or POCT (point of care test)

Question 14

what are the investigations for fungi?

Answer 14

MCNS - microscopy (fungal smear), culture and sensitivity

Question 15

results should be interpreted in conjunction with clinical presentation. true or false?

Answer 15

true

Question 16

what are the types of microbiology tests?

Answer 16

culture, serology, PCR, and microscopy

Question 17

what are the different types of culture tests?

Answer 17

aerobic and anaerobic culture - to grow fastidious organisms that can only survive without 02
fungal culture - fungal organisms
viral culture - for viruses
mycobacterial culture - only for TB

Question 18

what does a serology test do?

Answer 18

Test for antibodies formed by the body in response to the infection

Question 19

what does PCR test do?

Answer 19

detect the nucleic acid (dna/rna) of the infecting organisms

Question 20

what does microscopy do?

Answer 20

visualize organisms under the microscope

Question 21

what are the sterile body sites?

Answer 21

blood, CSF, vitreous fluid (eye), join(fluid/tissue)

Question 22

why are swabs so popular?

Answer 22

easily available, use, and low cost

Question 23

why do you need transport media?

Answer 23

some organisms are fastidious - they need special media to allow them to survive outside of the human body

Question 24

what does a transport media provide?

Answer 24

provide nutrients to support the organisms and let them grow

Question 25

what are the different types of transport media?

Answer 25

UTM- Universal transport media VTM- viral transport media ATM - amies transport media

Question 26

what is UTM used for?

Answer 26

virus, chlamydia and mycoplasma (VCM)

Question 27

what is VTM used for?

Answer 27

Virus

Question 28

what is ATM used for?

Answer 28

bacteria, anaerobic and aerobic

Question 29

what is a specimen container with formalin?

Answer 29

it is for tissue preservation which inactivates all bacteria, yeasts and viruses

Question 30

for urine where is the most sterile specimen from?

Answer 30

renal aspirate and supra pubic aspirate

Question 31

for urine where is the clean but not soo sterile specimen?

Answer 31

midstream urine, clean catch urine and in and out catheter urine

Question 32

often colonized urine?

Answer 32

catheter urine

Question 33

for the respiratory sample to obtain the specimen from the lung as much as possible. true or false?

Answer 33

true

Question 34

when is the time for sputum collection?

Answer 34

1. collect in the morning 2. before breakfast

Question 35

right patient, right sample, right test, right transport, and right place. is this correct for specimen dispatch?

Answer 35

no. right patient, right test, right sample, right transport and right place

Question 36

blood tests - 1-3 days. true or false?

Answer 36

true

Question 37

microscopy 4 days. true or false?

Answer 37

false. 1-2 days

Question 38

PCR 1-3 days.true or false?

Answer 38

true

Question 39

aerobic 2-5 days, viral 7-21days and TB 10-42 days. true or false?

Answer 39

true

Question 40

in a sterile body, the site can have the growth of bacteria due to infection or contamination. true or false?

Answer 40

true.

Question 41

in sterile bodies, sites have microorganisms due to?

Answer 41

contamination or infection

Question 42

if contamination what do the results show?

Answer 42

mixed bacterial growth

Question 43

what does viable count means?

Answer 43

how many bacteria is present

Question 44

other nonculture reasons for UTI?

Answer 44

pyuria (white cells in the urine) haematuria (red blood cells in the urine)

Question 45

in urine microscopy, epithelial cells also can cause contamination. true or false?

Answer 45

true