Mid-Term Flashcards
What is the MOA of Beta-Lactams?
Cell wall synthesis inhibitors (creates pores in walls and cell takes on water then dies)
What are the two main subdivisions of beta-lactams?
Penicillins and Cephalosporins
What are the 4 major subdivisions of Penicillins (beta-lactams)?
- Benzylpenicillins
- Aminopenicillins
- Extended-spectrum penicillins
- Anti-staphylococcal penicillins
What are the subdivisions of cephalosporins?
1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th generation cephalosporins
What is the spectrum for Benzylpenicllins?
Streps - YES
Staphs - Not a good choice, highly susceptible
Anarobes - YES
Gram (-) aerobes - NO
What is the spectrum for aminopenicillins?
Strep - YES
Staph - not a good choice
Anaerobes - YES
Gram (-) aerobes - SOME, particularly found in the urine
What are two examples of aminopenicillins?
Amoxicillin and Ampicillin
What is the spectrum for aminopenicillins + B-lactamase inhibitors?
Strep - YES
Staph - Maybe, NO MRSA
Anaerobes - YES
Gram (-) aerobes - SOME, particularly found in the urine
What are the classical definitions of cephalosporins?
- Gram (-) spectrum increases as generation # increases
- Gram (+) spectrum may decrease as generation # increases
- Anaerobic spectrum variable
What is the spectrum for 1st generation cephalosporins?
Strep - YES
Staph - Maybe
Anaerobes - Eh, not great for Clostridium
Gram (-): cefazolin (+/-) and cephalexin = NO
What are examples of 1st generation cephalosporins?
Cefazolin and Cephalexin
What is the spectrum for 2nd generation cephalosporins?
Staph - NO MRSA/strep
Anaerobes - surgical prophylaxis for severe dental/gingival disease
What is an example of 2nd generation cephalosporins?
Cefoxitin
What is the spectrum for 3rd generation cephalosporins?
Strep - YES
Staph - Maybe
Anarobes - Not great of Clostridium
Gram (-) higher doses may be needed
What are examples of 3rd generation cephalosporins?
Ceftiofur, Cefpodoxime proxetil, Cefovecin
