Mid Term Flashcards
(93 cards)
1
Q
What is a Reportive definitions?
A
Dictionary definition
2
Q
What are Stipulative Definitions?
A
Specialized concepts or vocab to the academic field
3
Q
True or False
Psychology is based on scientific knowledge/proof.
A
True
4
Q
Define Lay Definition.
A
Simplified explanation of term/concept used in everyday media or conversation
5
Q
What are opinions?
A
False, faulty, invalid, info said for no reason at all
6
Q
What is confirmation bias?
A
Influenced by our personal desires and expectation rather than objective reality
7
Q
Define Prestige Bias.
A
Uncritical acceptance of the that hold high statue regardless of their knowledge of the topic.
8
Q
What is fast thinking?
A
Thinking that lacks careful understanding and reflection of a stimulus
Jumping to conclusion
9
Q
What is the critical thinking diagram?
A
S: Stimuli
R: Reasoning
A: Action
10
Q
What are the other aspects of the reasoning, in slow thinking?
A
U: Understanding (Careful observation)
A: Acceptability of language (Clear,Objective,Truthful, Descriptive)
R: Relevance (Valid adequate reasons)
E: Enough Evidence (Enough evidence to supporting the idea)
11
Q
How can it be considered a Knowledge?
A
- High degree of accuracy or truth
- Be Rational
- Careful deliberate consideration of stimulus
- Based on critical thinking
12
Q
How is knowledge gained?
A
- By scientific method
- Understanding
- Evaluation
- Empirical verification
- Debate/Rational argumentation
- Publications of research
13
Q
What makes a good scientist?
A
- Good scientist are humble
- Understanding more important than being right
- Not flawless, helps us grasp a better understanding of how the world works
14
Q
Define Dogma.
A
Beliefs or principles considered to be true without question or evidence
15
Q
True or False
Some offer bigger slice than the others, but none can explain the whole thing
A
True
16
Q
What is the Definition of Etymological ?
A
Study of the origin and history of words and including how their meanings and usages change over time.
17
Q
What are the two directions emotion can drive us?
A
- Upwards towards reason
- Downward towards unreason
18
Q
Does being moved downward is critical thinking is hindered or deliberate?
A
Hindered and obliderated
19
Q
Are the mind and brain the same thing?
A
No they are not,
20
Q
Can you have a mind without the brain?
A
No you can’t
21
Q
What does the brain control?
A
Human body with billions of neurons and other cells.
22
Q
How is the brain studies?
A
MRI or CT
23
Q
What fields studies the psyche?
A
- Psychology
- Psychoanalysis
- Philosophy
- Cognitive science
24
Q
Who was Sigmund Frued?
A
Neurologist at first, Studied the brain, Father of psychology
25
What did Freud believe?
Psychological suffering did not necessarily have organic origin
26
What are the three layers of the mind?
1. Conscious
2. Pre-Conscious
3. Unconscious
27
Define the theatre of the mind.
* Centre stage is Conscious
* Dimly lit peripheral areas are the preconscious
* Backstage is unconscious
28
How many component of a psychological experience?
Two Components
29
What are the two components of a psychological experience?
Thought (Idea)
Affect (Emotion)
30
# True or False
They are glued, they can not be UNLinked and RELinked
False
| Not glued, they can be UNLinked and RELinked
31
What are false connections and original corrections?
* False connection is what someone is taking anger or feelings out on
* Original connection is the original root of that feeling/emotion
32
What is the process of displaced emotions?
1) Consciousness- A link between an emotion and an idea
2) To protect themself they Unlink the threatening emotion from the target emotion
3) Relinking occurs, Relink the emotion to something else
33
What was Freuds opinion on emotion?
They can be displaced or disguised as other emotions
| Often worse than the original
34
# True or False
Suppression amplifies the intensity of distressing emotion.
True
35
Describe an I statement.
I feel ____ when you do this_____.
36
What are the two types of guilt?
1) Reparative guilt: Good type focus on not me,
2) Narcissistic guilt: Bad type, beat yourself up
37
How do we figure out the meaning of something?
Through contrast
38
What are two things on the Multidimensional Scaling?
1. Arousal: how active or passive an emotional experience in terms of bodily arousal
2. Valence: How positive or negative an emotional experience is considered
39
What three components you involved in emotions?
1) Body (physiological)
2) Mind (Thinking,labeling,interpreting, Cognitive
3) Behaviour (Action)
40
Name the 5 theories of emotion?
1. James-Lange Theory
2. Cannon-Bard Theory
3. Two factor Theory
4. Ledoux Theory
5. The Slow and Fast pathways
41
What is the James-Lange Theory?
Stimulus triggers a reaction in the body which then leads to an emotional experience in the mind
42
What is the Cannon-Bard Theory?
Body and emotion reaction at the same time.
43
What is the Two factor Theory?
Body reaction then mind gives it a label then reacts
44
What is the Ledoux Theory?
Emotions can also be experienced without conscious awareness
| Slow and Fast pathways
45
What three places does the info go through during slow pathways to reach the reaction?
Thalamus, Cortex, Amygdala
46
What two places does the info go through during fast pathways to reach the reaction?
Thalamus and amygdala
47
What is the job of the prefrontal cortex?
Evaluate danger and how important the stimulus is
48
What are the four approaches to motivation?
1. instinctual
2.Biological/Physiological/Anatomic
3.Psychological
4.Socio-Cultural
49
Define instinctual motivation.
Inherited, fixed behavioural pattern across a species, Unlearned & Unchanged
50
What is Biological/Physiological/Anatomic motivation?
Motivation is from body processes that involve brain,organs,hormones and neurotransmitters.
| Neuropsychology
51
What is psychological motivation?
Learned behaviour by personal experience and relationships.
| Clinical Psychology
52
# S
53
Define socio-cultural motivation.
Not an individual phenomenon, historical,social, cultural value profoundly shape motivation
| All forms of psych
54
Are animal mating instincts-triggered by general cues (colors) learned or unlearned?
Unlearned
55
# True or False
Testosterone Non human female most important hormone.
FALSE
| Its estrogen
56
# Fill in the blank
In Humans ________ is most significant for all genders
Testostrone
57
What are metaphors around sex derived from?
From social and cultural norms and expectations around sex
58
# FIll in the blank
Without _______ erogenous zone lose importance
Desire
59
Is repeated exposure to an erotic stimuli a good or bad thing for sexual response?
BAD
60
What is Homeostasis?
Body actively maintaining itself to stay alive
61
Which hormone turns on hunger signal?
Ghrelin
62
Which hormone turns off hunger signal?
Leptin
63
What part of the brain to increase or decrease hunger?
Hypothalamus
64
What are Two types of signals about energy state?
Orexigenic: Ghrelin turns on Hunger signal (anorexia)
Anorexigenic: Leptin turns off hunger signal
65
What are the six needs in Maslow hierarchy of needs?
1. Physiological Needs
Hunger and thirst satisfied
2. Safety Needs
Organized and predictable safety
3. Love/Belonging Needs
Love and be loved, avoid loneliness
4. Esteem Needs
Achievement, respect, recognition from others
5. Self-Actualization needs
Live up to fullest potential
6. Self-transcendence needs
Have meaning beyond identify beyond oneself
66
# True or False
We are always aware of the reason behind our actions and behaviours
False
67
Can we make decision before cognitivly aware?
Yes FMRI Showed several seconds before consciously aware decision was made
68
How to make someone have clearer someones ideas, vision and understanding of the world and people are?
Have more developed language skills
69
What was Sapir-Whorf Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis?
Language may determine or influence our thoughts shaping and how we understand reality
70
What is framing?
To put someone into an idea Narrow and often biased box
71
What are the two fundamental needs in life?
Autonomy & Security
72
What is gender framing?
Double Standards,often manifest how we describe similar behaviors of men and women
73
What is an Ostensive Definition?
Pointing to an example
74
Define Symbolic definition.
Influenced by personal or cultural experiences
75
What is Chomsky’s Perspective?
Nativist theory, that children are born with Innate/Natural ability to acquire knowledge. That ability needs to be fostered asap as a baby.
76
What is Skinner's Theory of language acquisition: Behaviouris?
Language is a set of learned behaviors that children acquire through conditioning and reinforcemen
77
What are some benefits of being billingual?
* Brain connections Neuronetwork benefits
* Two lenses
78
What are Two types of thinking Rational and Irrational?
Rational: Homo economicus
Irrational: Homopsychologicus
79
What happens when you jump straight from stimulus to action?
Skip reasoning part all together
80
What are the two types of heuristics?
Availability
Representative
81
What is Availability Heuristic?
Mental shortcuts that distort how often an event happens
| Plane Crashes
82
What is Representative Heuristic?
Jumping to conclusions about people
83
What is a Conjunction Fallacy?
Co-occurrence is more likely than just one of the events
84
What is fixation?
Stuck in way of thinking
85
Define Functional fixedness.
Other perceive functions of objects as fixed
| Tables during violent intruder
86
# True or False
IQ is not hereditary, everyone is born with the ability to be smart it is fostered by the environment.
True
87
What are Howard Gardners 8 types of intelligence?
1. Naturist
2. IntERpersonal
3. InTRApersonal
4. Kinesthetic
5. Spatial
6. Musical
7. Mathematical
8. Linguistic
88
What an Analogical Arguments?
Attempts to explain difficult concepts by A is like B
| Only viable if many similarites are shared
89
What did Simon & Binet think about intelligence?
All children develop the same no matter the environment, children with lower ability were delayed not disabled
90
Define Terman Stanford-Binet views.
Supported Eugenic movement that those with low Test scored got involuntary sterilization so they couldn't reproduce stupid
91
What is Sternberg Intelligence?
1) Analytical Intelligence: Intelligence assessed by intelligence test IQ test
2) Practical intelligence: Intelligence required for everyday living
3) Creative Intelligence: Make us adapt us to novel situations,generating new ideas
92
What is emotional intelligence?
the ability to understand, use, and manage your own emotions, as well as to understand and influence the emotions of others
93
What is the basis of all forms of intelligence?
Emotional intelligence.
