Mid Term Flashcards
(114 cards)
1
Q
Porifera common names? True tissues?
A
Sponges. NO
2
Q
Cnidaria
A
Coral, anemones, jelly fish
3
Q
Clade Lophotrochozoa
A
Platyhelminthes, Brachiopoda,Mollusca,Annelida
4
Q
Clade Ecdysozoa
A
Nematoda,Arhtropoda,Echinodermata,Chrodata
5
Q
What type of epithelium would you expect to find covering a surface subject to physical forces?
A
Stratified squamous epitheiium
6
Q
What type of epithelial tissue, found in the intestines, absorbs nutrients?
A
Simple columnar epithelium
7
Q
Which of these tissues, found in the lungs, permits gas exchange by diffusion?
A
simple squamous epithelium
8
Q
What type of epithelial tissue lines kidney tubules?
A
simple cuboidal cells
9
Q
What type of muscle is responsible for contractions of the digestive tract and arteries?
A
smooth muscle
10
Q
Cardiac muscle is the only muscle composed of _____ fibers.
A
branched
11
Q
_____ muscle is attached to bones.
A
Skeletal
12
Q
A neuron consists of _____.
A
dendrites, a cell body, and axons
13
Q
Nervous tissue functions _____.
A
to sense stimuli
14
Q
Which of these is NOT one of the four major categories of tissue?
A
blood. Blood is a type of connective tissue.
15
Q
When digested, proteins are broken down into _____.
A
amino acids
16
Q
When digested, fats are broken down into _____.
A
both glycerol and fatty acids
17
Q
Starch is a type of?
A
polysaccharide
18
Q
Your small intestine can absorb ____ without their being further digested.
A
fructoses
19
Q
Which of these enzymes begins the breakdown of starch?
A
amylase
20
Q
Starch can be broken down into the disaccharide known as _____.
A
maltose
21
Q
Protein digestion begins in the _____.
A
stomach
22
Q
What is the main component of gastric juice?
A
water
23
Q
_____ is secreted by the _____ and acts to emulsify _____ in the _____.
A
Bile … liver … fats … small intestine
24
Q
What acid is responsible for stomach acidity?
A
hydrochloric acid
25
Platyhelminthes-subphylum?
Turbellaria
Cestoda
Trematoda
26
Platyhelminthes Common Names?
Free living flatworms
Parasitic tapewprms
Parasitic flukes
27
Brachiopoda subphylum
Articulata
| Inarticulata
28
Brachiopoda Common names?
Lamp shells
29
Mollusca subphylum?
Polyplacophora
Gastropoda
Bivalvia
Cephalopoda
30
Polyplacophora common names?
Chitons
31
Gastropoda common names?
Slugs and snails
32
Bivalvia common names?
Calms, scallops, mussels
33
Cephalopoda common names?
Squid & octopi
34
Annelida subphylum?
Polychaeta
Hirudinea
Oligocaeta
35
Polychaeta common names?
Tube worms
36
Hirdinea common names?
Leeches
37
Oligocaeta common names?
Earhtworms
38
Clad Ecdysozoa--
Nematoda
Arthropoda
Echinodermata
Chordata
39
Phylum Nematoda common names?
Round worms
40
Myriapoda
Centipedes and millipedes
41
Cheliceriformes
Spiders, scorpions
42
Hexapoda
flies,bees, beetles
43
Crustacea
Shrimp, crabs, lobsters
44
Arthropoda
Myriapoda
Cheliceriformes
Hexapoda
Crustacea
45
Phylum Echinodermata
Asteroidea
Echinoidea
Holothuroidea
46
Asteroidea
Sea stars
47
Echinoidea
Sea urchins
48
Holothuroidea
Sea cucumbers
49
Phylum Chordata subphylum--
Cephalochordata
Urochordata
Vertebrata
50
Cephalochordata
Lanceltes
51
Urochordata
Tunicates
52
Vertebrata
Fish, amphibians, reptiles...
53
Porifera tissues separated by?
Protein membranes
54
Porifera body symmetry?
mostly asymmetric
55
Cnadaria body symmetry?
Radial
56
Echinodermata body symmetry?
Bilateral, secondary pentaradial
57
Coelom
Body cavity between the gut and body wall
58
Determinant development
have cells determined to be specific part of animal (Clade Protostomia)
59
in-determinant
Cells at 4 stage development has not been determined. (Clade Deutrostomia)
60
Eucoelomate
animal with true body cavity. Mesoderm on all sides of the cavity, completely lined
61
pseudocoelomate
false cavity. Nematode, roundworm gut surrounded by large open space, therefore only partially lined with mesoderm
62
acoelmates
no cavity-eg:flatworm
63
Heterotrphic protists
Are exclusively unicellular organisms
64
Which of the following combinations of phylum and description is false?
Arthropoda-chitinous exoskeleton, jointed legs,and a CLOSED CIRC SYSTEM
65
Which is not found in all chordates?
Vertebrae
66
A sponge would be classified in the phylum
Porifera
67
Which is not a defining characteristic of animals?
Motility in all stages of life
68
True tissues evolved in the clade
Eumetazoa
69
Monophyletic
Group of taxa that consists of a common ancestor and all of its descendants. A monophyletic taxon is equivalent to a clade.
70
Paraphyletic
Pertaining to a group of taxa that consists of a common ancestor and some but not all of its descendants.
71
Polyphyletic
Pertaining to a group of taxa derived from two to more different ancestors.
72
Protists are polyphyletic or monophyletic>
paraphyletic
73
Dibiblastic
animals with only 2 germ layers, PHYLUM CNIDARIA
74
Triboblastic
3 germ layers, mesoderm in the middle
75
All phyla Triboblastic except for?
Cnidaria
76
Cnidocytes
Stinging cell common to Cnidaria, used for defines, capture prey
77
Nematocyst
thread containing capsule in Cnidocyte, common to Cidaria
78
All phyla have bilateral symmetry except for?
Porifera, Cnidaria, Echinodermata
79
Basal vertebrates
Jawless fish--Hagfish-no jaw
| Lampreys
80
Gnathosomes
```
Vertebrates with jaws
cartiligous fish
boney fish
tetrapods
amniotes
```
81
Cartilaginous fish
Ratfish, rays, sharks
| Complete skeleton, sometimes hardened
82
The Boney fish
Boney skeletons
ray finned fishes
lobe finned fishes
tiktaalik- a tetrapod like fish
83
Tetrapods
Vertebrates with four limbs
| the AMPHIBIANS
84
All animals share a common ancestor.
Animals have a common ancestor. It is thought to have been a protist similar to a choanoflagellate.
85
Which of the following correctly traces the path of sperm from their site of production to their exit from a man's body?
seminiferous tubule → epididymis → vas deferens → urethra
86
The mesoderm gives rise to _____.
skeletal and muscular systems
87
The first stage of embryonic development is _____. This process produces _____.
cleavage ... a cluster of cells
88
In humans, oogenesis in comparison to spermatogenesis is different in that _____.
oogenesis does not complete meiosis until after fertilization, but spermatogenesis is complete before the sperm leave the body
89
Among the following, the earliest consequence of the acrosomal reaction is _____.
the membrane of the egg depolarizing. known as the "fast" block to polyspermy, i.e., the prevention of additional sperm binding to the egg.
90
The uneven cleavage of cells early in the development of the yolk-rich embryos of birds is called _____.
meroblastic cleavage
91
Which term describes an animal that lacks a body cavity?
Acoelomate
92
Which of the following statements about protostomes is false?
Protostomes face the environment in multiple directions.
93
Which of the following groups of organisms was the first to develop body segmentation?
Annelids
94
What role do germ cells play in gametogenesis?
They produce cells that divide by mitosis and then undergo meiosis to form gametes
95
What products are formed when a diploid cell undergoes meiosis?
four haploid cells
96
Which of the following statements about oogenesis in humans is true?
Beginning at puberty, a primary oocyte completes its first meiotic division to form a secondary oocyte and a polar body approximately every month.
97
Which diploid cells are produced by an embryonic germ cell?
Spermatogonia.
98
How does spermatogenesis differ from oogenesis?
Diploid cells give rise to four functional gametes in spermatogenesis.
99
Animals with reproduction dependent on internal fertilization need not have
internal development of embryos.
100
A primitive streak forms during the early embryonic development of
birds, but not frogs or humans.
101
The vertebrate ectoderm is the origin of the
nervous system.
102
From earliest to latest, the overall sequence of early development proceeds in which of the following sequences?
cleavage → gastrulation → organogenesis
103
A reproductive difference between sea urchins and humans is
the sea urchin egg completes meiosis prior to fertilization, but meiosis in humans is completed after fertilization.
104
A radula is present in members of which clade(s)?
chitons, gastropods and cephalopods
105
Asexual reproduction results in greater reproductive success than does sexual reproduction when
a species is in stable and favorable environments.
106
In humans, oogenesis in comparison to spermatogenesis is different in that _____.
oogenesis does not complete meiosis until after fertilization, but spermatogenesis is complete before the sperm leave the body
107
What distinguishes complete metamorphosis from incomplete metamorphosis in insects?
the radically different appearance between adults and earlier life stages
108
The cortical reaction functions directly in the
formation of a fertilization envelope.
109
Epithelia tissue
tissues that cover outside of body or line inside body, skin, lining of lungs.
110
Skeletal muscle
striated, because of striped appearance.
111
Darker portion of skeletal muscle
MYOSIN, remains in place by bands of protein
112
Lighter colour of skeletal muscle
ACTIN
113
Cardiac muscle
muscle of the vertebrate heart
114
Smooth muscle
not striated, myosin organized differently, no lines. Common in invertebrates
