Mid term #2 short answer

Question 1

Define Gender

Answer 1

Culturally and socially constructed difference of roles and relationships between men and women that varies greatly between cultures.

Question 2

Define Class

Answer 2

A form of social stratification based on differences in power, wealth, income and status.

Question 3

Define Vertical Mosaic and what are the 3 groups?

Answer 3

• its the relationship b/w ethnicity and social class
• The 3 groups are:
  1. charter groups- they occupy the highest positions of power (jewish and british ppl at the top)
  2. entrance groups- subjected to the assimilation process laid down by the charter groups (later migrants having lower status jobs)
  3. Blocked social mobility: upward mobility of ethnic groups depended on the culture of ethnic group

Question 4

Define Multiculturalism and what are the 4 principles?

Answer 4

Appreciating and creating the practical opportunities for people coming into the country

1. demographic- canadian pop. contains more than 200 ethnic groups
2. pluralism as an ideology- advocates tolerance of cultural diversity
3. process of competition- competing for resources among ethnic groups
4. state policy

Question 5

Define Cultural relativism

Answer 5

prescribing tolerance and exalting diversity to achieve peaceful coexistence in ethnically heterogenous societies.

Question 6

what is the difference b/w migration and immigration?

Answer 6

• migration: moving from one place to another temporarily

- Immigration: moving from one place to live there permanently

Question 7

What is plasticity and give an example?

Answer 7

human biological capacity/genetic adaptations that happen to certain populations
-ex: increased # of RBC w/ higher levels of hemoglobin in high-altitude environments

Question 8

Define human variation and give an example

Answer 8

inherited biological differences among individuals and groups
ex: skin colour or body shape

Question 9

Do you think the idea of eugenics can be considered racist? why?

Answer 9

○ Yes b/c they are selecting the races they want to breed and they want to cast out the ones that will make society less

1. The idea of racial purification ( thinking one race is better than the other)
2. Targeting black people (women)
3. Prohibiting intermarriage

Question 10

what are some of the key indicators that immigrants and members of different ethnic communities are integrating into canadian society?

Answer 10

· Higher rates of interracial marriage
· Linguistic integration
· Mixed community neighbourhoods /lack of residential segregation
· Participation of immigrants in political process
· Diverse groups of people in workplace
· Citizenship- its important b/c people that are coming form other countries are accepting canadian citizenship- people are integrating into the culture

Question 11

how is the canadian multiculturalism approach different from that of european or other western countries?

Answer 11

· Canada creates more opportunities for more immigrants
· Immigrants come here and they have the option to do language training, job training (social services)- b/c the gov’t of canada created funding for multiculturalism- under the state policy the gov’t created this to help people get started in canada
· Europeans don’t do this and they are not as accepting as canada

Question 12

· What has been used to justify the vertical image of Canadian society today?

Answer 12

· Vertical mosaic- social class heierarchy system (elite class: charter groups- british and jewish to middle class: entrance groups- social mobility groups- black people, indigenous people, women to lower class)
The charter groups have power over the sector groups

Question 13

Why does the social and economic disparity between Canadian-born and immigrants persist ?

Answer 13

• Immigrants as a group, make less than canadian- born individuals in every canadian province and territory
• These differences are greater among those with university education
• There is a 15,000 income gap between canadian-born university education peoples and immigrant university education peoples
• The devaluation of immigrant credentials
  ▪ Refers to the lack of recognition of educational qualifications earned outside of canada
• Form of structural racism

Question 14

How do biology, genetics, and culture intersect in relation to humans’ variation and adaptations?

Answer 14

· People living in high altitudes change their biological capacity over time
· They live in an environment where they are always adapting
· The sherpas People have to climb the mountains and carrying different things on their shoulders is what makes that able to do what they do- biological adaptation and variation
· Exposure to sun can depend on your phenotypic characteristics (skin color)