Mid term

Question 0

Kaaba

Answer 0

cube building at the center of Islam’s most sacred mosque in Mecca. It is the most sacred point within this most sacred mosque, making it the most sacred location in Islam.

Question 1

Eurocentric

Answer 1

From the perspective of Europe of “The West”

Question 2

Ummah

Answer 2

Arabic word meaning “nation” or “community”

Question 3

Twelvers

Answer 3

people that believed leaders should stay within the family. Believed next successor is hidden and will come to them on judgment day

Question 4

Five Pillars of Islam

Answer 4

1) Shahadah – testing of faith – one god Mohammad is prophet
2) Salat – prayer – 5 times a day facing Mecca
3) Zakat – giving % of income to poor/community
4) Sawm – fasting during Ramadam
5) Hajj – pilgrimage to Mecca / Holy Sites

Question 5

Hijab

Answer 5

Headpieces worn by women

Question 6

Muhammad Ali

Answer 6

ruler – Egyptian / Arab nationalism

Question 7

Transjordan

Answer 7

after WWII British area

Question 8

Osmanlik

Answer 8

Ottoman ‘nationalism’

Question 9

Sykes-Picot Agreement

Answer 9

a secret agreement between the governments of the United Kingdom and France, with the assent of Russia, defining their proposed spheres of influence and control in the Middle East should the Triple Entente succeed in defeating the Ottoman Empire during World War I.

Question 10

Sunni

Answer 10

Successors from Community of believers/sunna

Question 11

People of the Book

Answer 11

designate non-Muslim adherents to faiths which have a revealed scripture

Question 12

Dhimmi

Answer 12

non-Muslim citizens of an Islamic state

Question 13

Kibbitzum

Answer 13

gathering / clustering

Question 14

Shariah

Answer 14

Islamic religious law

Question 15

Janissary

Answer 15

a devoted follower or supporter.

Question 16

Capitulations

Answer 16

economic reforms

Question 17

Tanzimat

Answer 17

education, military, cultural

Question 18

Battle of the Pyramids

Answer 18

orientalism – british and OE defeat French troops

Question 19

Ayatollah

Answer 19

‘hidden imam’, Mahdi

Question 20

Harem

Answer 20

Area around the Sultans living quarters where the sultans mother lives, and she makes more then he does

Question 21

Zionism

Answer 21

Political movement for establishment of Jewish homeland in Palestine

Question 22

Mustafa Kemal

Answer 22

“Ataturk” (father Turk) – President of Turkey

Question 23

Orientalism

Answer 23

Eurocentric view of the world in which “The West” is the norm, “The East” (Middle East, Far East) is other

Question 24

Mecca

Answer 24

a city in the Hejaz and the capital of Makkah Province in Saudi Arabia

Question 25

Yishuv

Answer 25

Jewish community in Palestine before Israel

Question 26

Shi’a

Answer 26

Partisans of Ali-Successors from Muhammad’s family

Question 27

Ghazi

Answer 27

a Muslim fighter against non-Muslims

Question 28

Devshirme

Answer 28

The sultan would collect Christian boys from the Balkans and turn them into his slaves

Question 29

“Eastern Question”

Answer 29

ottoman empire, as it weakened

Question 30

Arab Revolt, 1916

Answer 30

Sharif Husayn, T.E. Lawrence | Reward: Arab nation

Question 31

Caliph

Answer 31

religious and political leader

Question 32

Balfour Declaration

Answer 32

letter from British Foreign Secretary that made public the British support of a Jewish homeland in Palestine

Question 33

“Auspicious Incident”

Answer 33

military reforms - 1826

Question 34

Young Turks

Answer 34

a member of a revolutionary party in the Ottoman Empire who carried out the revolution of 1908 and deposed the sultan Abdul Hamid II.

Question 35

Ahistorical

Answer 35

lacking historical perspective or context

Question 36

Mandate

Answer 36

to administer or assign (as a territory) under a mandate

Question 37

Early Ottoman Empire: Success, problems leading to era of decline.

Answer 37

1300-1700’s. O.E. had gunpowder, ghazi warriors, and Bureaucracy/court tradition – had the sultan – his mother lived in the harem – made more money then he did. Had a rapid growth and success. Had religious/culture tolerance, flexible laws & governance, skilled, effective bureaucracy & military.

Question 38

Late Ottoman Empire/Young Turks: Who, what, where, etc.

Answer 38

1700-1900’s. Financial crisis, Battle of the Pyramids, British and OE defeat French troops (1805), loss of international status, loss of income, strain on domestic population.