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Psychology 101 > Mid Term 3 > Flashcards

Mid Term 3 Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

Who was Franz Mesmer

A

Proposed Hypnosis is a unique Trance state

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2
Q

What determines Hypnotic Suggestibility

A

Peoples Motivation, Beliefs, Imagination, expectations and responsiveness

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3
Q

Sociocognitive Theory Proposes what?

A

Hypnosis is based on peoples attitudes, beliefs and expectations

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4
Q

Afterlife Hypothesis

A

Compelling claims people seeing things at a distance they could not possibly have known about

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5
Q

Dying Brain Hypothesis

A

Tunnels and lights are frequently caused by disinhibition in visual cortex

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6
Q

What are Psycho Active Drugs

A

Chemicals similar to those found naturally in our brains that alter consciousness by changing chemical processes

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7
Q

Substance Abuser

A

a person who overuses and relies on drugs

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8
Q

Sedative Drugs

A

Exert Calming effects

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9
Q

Hypnotic Drugs

A

Exert sleep-inducing effects

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10
Q

Korsakoff’s Syndrome

A

A degenerative brain disorder caused by a lack of thiamine.

My result in amnesia, confabulation, apathy

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11
Q

Stimulant Drugs

A

Tobacco, caffeine, cocaine, meth

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12
Q

Opiate Narcotic Drugs

A

Heroin, Morphine, Codeine, OxyContin

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13
Q

Psychedelic Drugs

A

Hallucinogenic (LSD, PCP, Ecstasy)

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14
Q

The Conscious Mind

A

Being aware, Available for introspection, expirence

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15
Q

Unconscious Mind

A

Not available for introspection

  1. Standard (Processing abilities, cognitive, motor abilities, language, memory )
  2. Nonstandard (Biases, desires, motivations, fears)
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16
Q

System 1 (Thinking fast and slow)

A

Automatically and quickly with little or no effort

example: whats 2+2

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17
Q

System 2

A

Effortful Mental Activities

example: Parking in a narrow space

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18
Q

Auditory Looming Bias

A

Asymmetry of perception of equivalent approaching vs receding sounds

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19
Q

The Descent Illusion

A

Asymmetry of perception of equivalent vertical distances

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20
Q

Emotional Biases

A

ex. Disgust, Fear, Anxiety

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21
Q

Cognitive Biases and Heuristics

A

Cognitive: Tendencies to think in certain ways that can lead to a standard of rationality or good judgment
Heuristics: Mental shortcuts that help us streamline what make sense

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22
Q

Self-Handicapping Bias

A

Creating conditions for failure to protect ego, self-esteem, reputation. To avoid feeling bad

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23
Q

Dunning-Kruger Bias

A

We generally pretty bad at something estimating our competence and the difficulty of complex tasks

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24
Q

Fundamental Attribution Error

A

Other people behavior is more the result of the situation than their disposition

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25
Students learn best when.....
Teaching styles are matched to their learning styles
26
V learners
Best by seeing
27
A learners
Best by listening and speaking
28
K learners
Best by touching and doing
29
Problems with TS-LS approach
1. Little agreement on what LS is 2. Little reliability and validity in the way LS is assessed 3. Equal numbers of studies have suggested that matching TS with LS effective/ not effective 4. Difficult to train instructors to match their TS to LS
30
Learning
A relatively permanent change in an organism that occurs as a result of experiences in the environment
31
Conditioning
systematic procedure through which stimulus-response associations are learned
32
Unconditioned Stimulus
A stimulus that normally elicits a measurable involuntary response
33
Unconditioned Response
An unlearned or involuntary response
34
Conditioned Stimulus
Neutral stimulus that, through repeated association
35
Conditioned Response
A learned response elicited by a CS
36
Systematic Desensitization
The process in which a fearful response is extinguished through the gradual stimulus increased of the fear-producing stimulus
37
Operant Conditioning
An Increased or decrease in the probability that a behaviour will recur is affected by the delivery of reinforcement or punishment as a consequence of the behaviour
38
Classical vs Operant
Classical: Involuntary Operant: Voluntary
39
Reinforcement
1. Positive: the likelihood of response recurring | 2. Negative: Removal of an unpleasant stimulus ex. Timeout
40
Punishment
1. Positive: Unpleasant stimulus is added in an effort to decrease and undesirable behavior ex. Child writes on the wall, they scrub it off 2. Negative: pleasant stimulus is taken away to decrease undesirable behavior ex. Child writes on wall, time out
41
Frequency of Consequences
1. Fixed-Interval Schedule: Reinforcer is delivered after a specified interval of time 2. Variable-Interval schedule: Reinforcer is delivered after predetermined but varying intervals of time 3. Fixed-ratio schedule: Reinforcer is delivered after specified number of responded has occurred 4. Variable-ratio schedule: Reinforcer is delivered after predetermined but variable number of responses have occurred
42
Observational Learning
People learn some things that are not taught through reinforcement ex. Bobo doll study
43
Common Hollywood theme
We are most romantically attracted to people who differ from us
44
What factors are involved
1. physical characteristics, looks 2. Beliefs, attitudes, values, preferences 3. Personality Traits 4. Intelligence
45
Classical Conditioning and Life
1. Drug tolerance/ overdose 2. disgust reactions 3. conditioned taste aversion (Associating certain foods with certain symptoms ex. vomiting)
46
Operant Conditioning and Life
1. Animal Training (ex. seeing eye dog, learning things they wouldn't naturally do) 2. Overcoming procrastination 3. Superstitions 4. Token economies (secondary reinforcers)
47
Observational Learning and Life
1. observational Leaning of agression (bobo doll study) | 2. Insight Learning (when one grasps the underlying nature of a problem ex. chimps and bananas)
48
The paradox of memory
Retention of information such as events, images ideas or skills
49
Types of memories
1. Flashbulbs (emotional memories, vivid and detailed, maybe prone to distortions) 2. Eyewitness testimony (repeated and prolonged attempts to remember details of an event) 3. False memory (experimentally induced false memories in people, ex. lost in a mall, animal attack)
50
The reconstructive nature of memory
The consensus is that memory is not reproductive but is reconstructive
51
Field Momory
Your POV
52
Observer Memory
Seeing yourself from a distance
53
Three systems of memory
1. Span (How much information a memory system can retain) 2. Duration (length of time for which memory systems can retain) 3. Perceptual information (brief storage before passed on to short term)
54
Short Term Memory
Memory systems that retains information for limited durations of time emphasizes structure and storage
55
Working Memory
More recent conceptualization, Type of processing
56
Memory Loss: Decay
loss of information from memory due to disuse and passage of time
57
Memory loss: Interference
Loss of information from memory because of competition from additional incoming information
58
Rehearsal
repeating information to extend the duration of retention
59
Maintenance rehearsal
Repeating stimuli in their original form to retain short term memory, focus on physical properties such as sounds
60
Elaborative Rehearsal
Linking stimuli to each other,
61
Elaborative Rehearsal
Linking stimuli to each other,
62
Phonological Loop
works on auditory information
63
Visual-Spatial Sketchpad
Works on visual or spatial information (mental map)
64
Episodic Buffer
Limited capacity storage system of information being processed
65
Central executive
Directs information flow between other subsystems, controls attention
66
Long term memory
Sustained retention of information stored regarding our facts
67
Von Restorff effect
Tendency to remember distinctive stimuli
68
Primacy effect
Tendency to remember words ar the beginning of a list
69
Recency effect
Tendency to remember words at the end of a list
70
Imagery
Creation of a mental picture of a perceptual experience

Psychology 101 (1 decks)

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