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US History 1 > Mid-Term > Flashcards

Mid-Term Flashcards

0
Q

Jamestown

A

Built in 1607 and was the first royal colony; John Smith was leader and the main crop was tobacco

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1
Q

Massachusetts Bay Colony

A

Founded in 1620 for religious freedom by John Winthrop and William Bradford

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2
Q

John Smith

A

Leader of Jamestown who was at one time captured by Indians; was also injured and sent back to England

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3
Q

Roger Williams

A

Puritan minister who defended Native Americans’ rights and wanted to separate from the Church; kicked out of Massachusetts Bay Colony

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4
Q

Henry Hudson

A

Explored what is now the Hudson River; tried to find the Northwest passage but was thrown overboard by his own men and never seen again; British but worked for the Dutch

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5
Q

Ann Hutchinson

A

Religious speaker in the Massachusetts Bay Colony; believed only few ministers were correct; leaves and is eventually killed by Indians in New York

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6
Q

William Penn

A

Leader of Pennsylvania who was very well liked and friendly with the Indians; founder of Philadelphia

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7
Q

Peter Stuyvesant

A

A Dutch founder of New York; a bad leader and was hated by his people who did not fight for him

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8
Q

John Winthrop

A

Governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony; Puritan lawyer; wanted to “build a city upon a hill”

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9
Q

Puritans

A

people who wanted to fix or purify the Church of England; wanted to abolish Catholicism

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10
Q

Separatists

A

people who wanted to completely separate from the Church of England and start new

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11
Q

House of Burgesses

A

The lower house of Virginia’s colonial legislature; 2 people from each plantation

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12
Q

Triangular Trade

A

The transatlantic system of exchange of goods and slaves between Africa, Europe, the West Indies, and North America

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13
Q

What was the Society of Friends and what principles did they believe in?

A

Also known as Quakers, they were a radical religious group who pushed for an individual relationship with God; inner-light, no sacraments or administers, equals rights for women, religious tolerance, refuse to take oaths

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14
Q

Why did people want to live in Pennsylvania?

A

safe and friendly with Indians, equal rights, rivers were useful, freedom of worship, no tax-supported church

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15
Q

Essay: Protests before Revolutionary War

A

Boston Tea Party in response to the Tea Act
mob violence
boycotting goods
1st Continental Congress in response to Intolerable Acts
Stamp Act Congress in response to the Stamp Act

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16
Q

Essay: Military Strategies of British and Patriots

A

British: close off ports, not let the colonies get help from other countries, fought in open space in lines,
Colonists: guerilla warfare and hit-and-run tactics, war had to be long and fought in small battles, keep high spirits

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17
Q

Essay: Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation

A

central government had little power
laws required a 9/13 majority vote
once passed, laws couldn’t be enforced
government couldn’t tax or regulate commerce
unanimous vote for amendments was hard to get

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18
Q

The Constitutional Convention met in:

A

Philadelphia

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19
Q

The convention which assembled in May 1787 was supposed to:

A

revise the Articles of Confederation

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20
Q

most gifted political philosopher at the convention:

A

James Madison

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21
Q

Madison’s Virginia Plan:

A

would create a two-house Congress

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22
Q

The Great Compromise:

A

settled the question of congressional representation

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23
Q

The Founders designed the Constitution so that the only branch of the government directly elected by the voters would be the:

A

House of Reps

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24
Q

Under the proposed Constitution, members of the Senate would:

A

Be chosen by state legislatures

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25
Q

The president’s powers were limited by all of the following EXCEPT:

A

He would be chosen by popular vote

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26
Q

In regard to the Supreme Court, the Constitution:

A

Required it to have a Chief Justice

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27
Q

Article VI declares the Constitution:

A

“The supreme law of the land”

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28
Q

Amendments to the Constitution:

A

Would be proposed by two-thirds vote of congress

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29
Q

Most of “The Federalist” essays were written by:

A

Alexander Hamilton

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30
Q

Federalist Number 10 explains how a republican can:

A

Be successful in a large, diverse society

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31
Q

“The Federalist” argued that:

A

The size and diversity of the large new country would make it impossible for any one faction to control the government

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32
Q

Anti-Federalist leaders:

A

Wanted a bill of rights to protect individuals from the new government

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33
Q

Who was an anti-federalist?

A

Patrick Henry

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34
Q

Last state to ratify the Constitution:

A

Rhode Island

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35
Q

Founders viewed the Constitution’s future with:

A

Uncertainty

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36
Q

He briefly represented NY at the Constitutional Convention

A

Alexander Hamilton

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37
Q

He was the Confederation Superintendent of Finance

A

Robert Morris

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38
Q

He was a disgruntled Massachusetts farmer

A

Daniel Shay

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39
Q

He proposed the Great Compromise

A

Roger Sherman

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40
Q

He was serving abroad during Constitutional Convention

A

John Adams

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41
Q

The French and Indian War was triggered by:

A

Conflicting French and English claims to the Ohio Valley

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42
Q

As a result of George Washington’s engagement with the French at Fort Necessity:

A

He was forced to surrender

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43
Q

The war that erupted between the French and British in North America

A

Became a world war

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44
Q

All opposed Britain in the Seven Years War EXCEPT:

A

Prussia

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45
Q

The decisive battle of the French and Indian War concluded with General Wolfe’s capture of:

A

Quebec

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46
Q

As a result of the 1763 Treaty of Paris, Britain acquired:

A

Florida

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47
Q

As a result of its defeat in the war, France:

A

Lost all of its territory in North America

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48
Q

At the end of the war, New Orleans and all of the French lands west of the Mississippi:

A

Went to Spain

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49
Q

The immediate consequence of Pontiac’s Rebellion resulted in most Americans believing that:

A

All Indians must be removed

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50
Q

In retrospect, Britain’s victory in the French and Indian War:

A

Led to the loss of its American colonies about twenty years later

51
Q

As a result of the French and Indian War:

A

A sense of American nationalism was developing

52
Q

The Royal Proclamation of 1763:

A

Prohibited American settlement west of the Appalachians

53
Q

T or F: The first conflicts of the American Revolution took place in South Carolina

A

F

54
Q

T or F: Before the revolution was over, the British were fighting the Spanish, the French, and the Dutch, as well as the Americans

A

T

55
Q

T or F: By its final years, the American war of independence had become a world war

A

T

56
Q

T or F: In 1778, Parliament adopted a program that granted all the American demands made prior to independence

A

T

57
Q

T or F: During the war, Iroquois tribes like the Mohawks helped the Americans fight against the British

A

F

58
Q

To aid in the war, George III hired Germans known as:

A

Hessians

59
Q

When the British attacked New York in late August 1776:

A

The American army was fortunate to escape into New Jersey

60
Q

On Christmas night in 1776, Washington crossed the Delaware to defeat the:

A

Hessians

61
Q

In late December 1776, George Washington was able to reverse American fortunes by:

A

Winning battles at Trenton and Princeton

62
Q

Washington soon learned that the best hope of beating the British was:

A

A long war of attrition

63
Q

In 1777, Washington dealt with the threat of smallpox to his army by:

A

Ordering a mass inoculation

64
Q

Americans won a tremendous victory in October 1777 with the surrender at Saratoga of:

A

Johnny Burgoyne

65
Q

The American victory at Saratoga resulted in:

A

France’s entry on the American side

66
Q

In 1779, Spain entered the war as an ally of:

A

France

67
Q

In its winter camp at Valley Forge, Washington’s army was not decimated by

A

Enemy attack

68
Q

The great exploit of George Rogers Clark was the:

A

Conquest of the western frontier

69
Q

The British shifted their military effort to the South:

A

To utilize the strength of local Tories

70
Q

The turning point of the war in the South was at:

A

Kings Mountain

71
Q

Benedict Arnold became notorious late in the war by:

A

Going to the British

72
Q

The American victory at Yorktown would have been impossible without:

A

French assistance

73
Q

The news of Yorktown inspired the British to:

A

End the war

74
Q

An important factor in the conclusion of the peace negotiations was the:

A

American decision to negotiate separately with the British

75
Q

The peace treaty was signed at:

A

Paris

76
Q

He surrendered at Yorktown

A

Lord Cornwallis

77
Q

He lost at Saratoga

A

John Burgoyne

78
Q

He won at Saratoga

A

Horatio Gates

79
Q

He provided Washington key assistance at Yorktown

A

Admiral deGrasse

80
Q

He wrote “The American Crisis”

A

Thomas Paine

81
Q

He was an American Commander in the South known as the “Fighting Quaker”

A

Nathanael Greene

82
Q

He ended Benedict Arnold’s plot

A

John Andre

83
Q

T or F: The Quartering Act required the colonies to provide provisions and barracks for British soldiers

A

T

84
Q

T or F: The stamp act placed the first tax on the new colonial postal system

A

F

85
Q

T or F: The coercive acts were called the “Intolerable Acts” in the colonies

A

T

86
Q

T or F: The Continental Association was created to enforce an American boycott of British goods

A

T

87
Q

T or F: The fighting at Lexington and Concord started the Revolutionary War

A

T

88
Q

T or F: George Washington led the colonial militias at Lexington and Concord

A

F

89
Q

T or F: John and Sam Adams, the “Patriot brothers of Philadelphia,” urged their fellow colonists to reject the arguments of “Common Sense”

A

F

90
Q

T or F: Thomas Jefferson was the chief author (or “draftsman”) of the Declaration of Independence

A

T

91
Q

The Sugar Act of 1764:

A

taxed imports in order to raise revenue

92
Q

The 1765 Stamp Act:

A

Required revenue stamps on legal and commercial documents

93
Q

In response to the stamp act, the Sons of Liberty:

A

Engaged in mob violence

94
Q

The stamp act congress:

A

Petitioned the British to repeal the Stamp Act

95
Q

The Declaratory Act of 1766:

A

Reasserted the government’s right to tax the colonies

96
Q

In response to American protests, in 1766 Parliament:

A

Repealed the stamp act

97
Q

“Letters of a Pennsylvania Farmer” argued:

A

That Parliament had no right to levy taxes for revenue

98
Q

The Boston Massacre:

A

Grew out of crowd reaction and heckling of British soldiers in Boston

99
Q

The major objective of the Tea Act of 1773 was to:

A

Bail out the East India Company

100
Q

The purpose of the Coercive Acts was to:

A

Punish Boston for the Tea Party

101
Q

In response to the Coercive Acts, the First Continental Congress met in:

A

Philadelphia

102
Q

In April 1775, the British marched to Concord, Massachusetts, in an effort to:

A

Seize weapons and arrest colonial leaders

103
Q

In the fighting on April 19,1775, the British suffered their greatest casualties:

A

During their retreat back to Boston

104
Q

At the Battle of Bunker Hill:

A

The British suffered major casualties

105
Q

At the end of 1775, Americans suffered a disastrous defeat when they attempted to capture:

A

Quebec

106
Q

Thomas Paine’s pamphlet, “Common Sense”:

A

Made a powerful case for independence

107
Q

He organized the Sons of Liberty

A

Sam Adams

108
Q

He led the Green Mountain Boys

A

Ethan Allen

109
Q

He was the first person killed at the Boston Massacre

A

Crispus Attucks

110
Q

He wrote “Letters of a Pennsylvania Farmer”

A

John Dickinson

111
Q

He rode to Lexington the night of April 18, 1775

A

Paul Revere

112
Q

At the time of Revolution, a republican form of government:

A

Was considered a radical idea

113
Q

Most of the state constitutions adopted during the Revolution:

A

Contained bills of rights

114
Q

Under the Articles of Confederation, Congress:

A

Combined legislative and executive power

115
Q

During the period of the Revolution, a slave might gain his freedom:

A

If he served in the army, joined the British, granted freedom, or ran away

116
Q

In the era of the Revolution, the northern states:

A

Took steps to abolish slavery

117
Q

Abigail Adams’ appeal to her husband John to “remember the ladies”:

A

Was basically ignored

118
Q

The 640-acre sections created in the Northwest:

A

Would likely be bought by land speculators

119
Q

The United States departed from the colonial policies of Great Britain by:

A

Promising equal statehood to all unsettled western territory

120
Q

The Northwest Ordinance of 1787:

A

Banned slavery in the Northwest

121
Q

An ongoing source of American tension toward the British was:

A

British forts on American soil

122
Q

The United States contended with Spain over:

A

Freedom to navigate the Mississippi

123
Q

Shay’s Rebellion broke out in:

A

Western Massachusetts

124
Q

Shay’s Rebellion was led by:

A

Indebted farmers

125
Q

Shay’s Rebellion:

A

Was repressed by state militia

US History 1 (1 decks)

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