Mid-Term Flashcards by Ethan Kazmierski

Jamestown

Built in 1607 and was the first royal colony; John Smith was leader and the main crop was tobacco

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Massachusetts Bay Colony

Founded in 1620 for religious freedom by John Winthrop and William Bradford

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

John Smith

Leader of Jamestown who was at one time captured by Indians; was also injured and sent back to England

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Roger Williams

Puritan minister who defended Native Americans’ rights and wanted to separate from the Church; kicked out of Massachusetts Bay Colony

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Henry Hudson

Explored what is now the Hudson River; tried to find the Northwest passage but was thrown overboard by his own men and never seen again; British but worked for the Dutch

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Ann Hutchinson

Religious speaker in the Massachusetts Bay Colony; believed only few ministers were correct; leaves and is eventually killed by Indians in New York

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

William Penn

Leader of Pennsylvania who was very well liked and friendly with the Indians; founder of Philadelphia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Peter Stuyvesant

A Dutch founder of New York; a bad leader and was hated by his people who did not fight for him

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

John Winthrop

Governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony; Puritan lawyer; wanted to “build a city upon a hill”

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Puritans

people who wanted to fix or purify the Church of England; wanted to abolish Catholicism

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Separatists

people who wanted to completely separate from the Church of England and start new

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

House of Burgesses

The lower house of Virginia’s colonial legislature; 2 people from each plantation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Triangular Trade

The transatlantic system of exchange of goods and slaves between Africa, Europe, the West Indies, and North America

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What was the Society of Friends and what principles did they believe in?

Also known as Quakers, they were a radical religious group who pushed for an individual relationship with God; inner-light, no sacraments or administers, equals rights for women, religious tolerance, refuse to take oaths

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Why did people want to live in Pennsylvania?

safe and friendly with Indians, equal rights, rivers were useful, freedom of worship, no tax-supported church

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Essay: Protests before Revolutionary War

Boston Tea Party in response to the Tea Act
mob violence
boycotting goods
1st Continental Congress in response to Intolerable Acts
Stamp Act Congress in response to the Stamp Act

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Essay: Military Strategies of British and Patriots

British: close off ports, not let the colonies get help from other countries, fought in open space in lines,
Colonists: guerilla warfare and hit-and-run tactics, war had to be long and fought in small battles, keep high spirits

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Essay: Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation

central government had little power
laws required a 9/13 majority vote
once passed, laws couldn’t be enforced
government couldn’t tax or regulate commerce
unanimous vote for amendments was hard to get

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The Constitutional Convention met in:

Philadelphia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The convention which assembled in May 1787 was supposed to:

revise the Articles of Confederation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

most gifted political philosopher at the convention:

James Madison

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Madison’s Virginia Plan:

would create a two-house Congress

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The Great Compromise:

settled the question of congressional representation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The Founders designed the Constitution so that the only branch of the government directly elected by the voters would be the:

House of Reps

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Under the proposed Constitution, members of the Senate would:

Be chosen by state legislatures

The president's powers were limited by all of the following EXCEPT:

He would be chosen by popular vote

In regard to the Supreme Court, the Constitution:

Required it to have a Chief Justice

Article VI declares the Constitution:

"The supreme law of the land"

Amendments to the Constitution:

Would be proposed by two-thirds vote of congress

Most of "The Federalist" essays were written by:

Alexander Hamilton

Federalist Number 10 explains how a republican can:

Be successful in a large, diverse society

"The Federalist" argued that:

The size and diversity of the large new country would make it impossible for any one faction to control the government

Anti-Federalist leaders:

Wanted a bill of rights to protect individuals from the new government

Who was an anti-federalist?

Patrick Henry

Last state to ratify the Constitution:

Rhode Island

Founders viewed the Constitution's future with:

Uncertainty

He briefly represented NY at the Constitutional Convention

Alexander Hamilton

He was the Confederation Superintendent of Finance

Robert Morris

He was a disgruntled Massachusetts farmer

Daniel Shay

He proposed the Great Compromise

Roger Sherman

He was serving abroad during Constitutional Convention

John Adams

The French and Indian War was triggered by:

Conflicting French and English claims to the Ohio Valley

As a result of George Washington's engagement with the French at Fort Necessity:

He was forced to surrender

The war that erupted between the French and British in North America

Became a world war

All opposed Britain in the Seven Years War EXCEPT:

Prussia

The decisive battle of the French and Indian War concluded with General Wolfe's capture of:

Quebec

As a result of the 1763 Treaty of Paris, Britain acquired:

Florida

As a result of its defeat in the war, France:

Lost all of its territory in North America

At the end of the war, New Orleans and all of the French lands west of the Mississippi:

Went to Spain

The immediate consequence of Pontiac's Rebellion resulted in most Americans believing that:

All Indians must be removed

In retrospect, Britain's victory in the French and Indian War:

Led to the loss of its American colonies about twenty years later

As a result of the French and Indian War:

A sense of American nationalism was developing

The Royal Proclamation of 1763:

Prohibited American settlement west of the Appalachians

T or F: The first conflicts of the American Revolution took place in South Carolina

T or F: Before the revolution was over, the British were fighting the Spanish, the French, and the Dutch, as well as the Americans

T or F: By its final years, the American war of independence had become a world war

T or F: In 1778, Parliament adopted a program that granted all the American demands made prior to independence

T or F: During the war, Iroquois tribes like the Mohawks helped the Americans fight against the British

To aid in the war, George III hired Germans known as:

Hessians

When the British attacked New York in late August 1776:

The American army was fortunate to escape into New Jersey

On Christmas night in 1776, Washington crossed the Delaware to defeat the:

Hessians

In late December 1776, George Washington was able to reverse American fortunes by:

Winning battles at Trenton and Princeton

Washington soon learned that the best hope of beating the British was:

A long war of attrition

In 1777, Washington dealt with the threat of smallpox to his army by:

Ordering a mass inoculation

Americans won a tremendous victory in October 1777 with the surrender at Saratoga of:

Johnny Burgoyne

The American victory at Saratoga resulted in:

France's entry on the American side

In 1779, Spain entered the war as an ally of:

France

In its winter camp at Valley Forge, Washington's army was not decimated by

Enemy attack

The great exploit of George Rogers Clark was the:

Conquest of the western frontier

The British shifted their military effort to the South:

To utilize the strength of local Tories

The turning point of the war in the South was at:

Kings Mountain

Benedict Arnold became notorious late in the war by:

Going to the British

The American victory at Yorktown would have been impossible without:

French assistance

The news of Yorktown inspired the British to:

End the war

An important factor in the conclusion of the peace negotiations was the:

American decision to negotiate separately with the British

The peace treaty was signed at:

Paris

He surrendered at Yorktown

Lord Cornwallis

He lost at Saratoga

John Burgoyne

He won at Saratoga

Horatio Gates

He provided Washington key assistance at Yorktown

Admiral deGrasse

He wrote "The American Crisis"

Thomas Paine

He was an American Commander in the South known as the "Fighting Quaker"

Nathanael Greene

He ended Benedict Arnold's plot

John Andre

T or F: The Quartering Act required the colonies to provide provisions and barracks for British soldiers

T or F: The stamp act placed the first tax on the new colonial postal system

T or F: The coercive acts were called the "Intolerable Acts" in the colonies

T or F: The Continental Association was created to enforce an American boycott of British goods

T or F: The fighting at Lexington and Concord started the Revolutionary War

T or F: George Washington led the colonial militias at Lexington and Concord

T or F: John and Sam Adams, the "Patriot brothers of Philadelphia," urged their fellow colonists to reject the arguments of "Common Sense"

T or F: Thomas Jefferson was the chief author (or "draftsman") of the Declaration of Independence

The Sugar Act of 1764:

taxed imports in order to raise revenue

The 1765 Stamp Act:

Required revenue stamps on legal and commercial documents

In response to the stamp act, the Sons of Liberty:

Engaged in mob violence

The stamp act congress:

Petitioned the British to repeal the Stamp Act

The Declaratory Act of 1766:

Reasserted the government's right to tax the colonies

In response to American protests, in 1766 Parliament:

Repealed the stamp act

"Letters of a Pennsylvania Farmer" argued:

That Parliament had no right to levy taxes for revenue

The Boston Massacre:

Grew out of crowd reaction and heckling of British soldiers in Boston

The major objective of the Tea Act of 1773 was to:

Bail out the East India Company

The purpose of the Coercive Acts was to:

Punish Boston for the Tea Party

In response to the Coercive Acts, the First Continental Congress met in:

Philadelphia

In April 1775, the British marched to Concord, Massachusetts, in an effort to:

Seize weapons and arrest colonial leaders

In the fighting on April 19,1775, the British suffered their greatest casualties:

During their retreat back to Boston

At the Battle of Bunker Hill:

The British suffered major casualties

At the end of 1775, Americans suffered a disastrous defeat when they attempted to capture:

Quebec

Thomas Paine's pamphlet, "Common Sense":

Made a powerful case for independence

He organized the Sons of Liberty

Sam Adams

He led the Green Mountain Boys

Ethan Allen

He was the first person killed at the Boston Massacre

Crispus Attucks

He wrote "Letters of a Pennsylvania Farmer"

John Dickinson

He rode to Lexington the night of April 18, 1775

Paul Revere

At the time of Revolution, a republican form of government:

Was considered a radical idea

Most of the state constitutions adopted during the Revolution:

Contained bills of rights

Under the Articles of Confederation, Congress:

Combined legislative and executive power

During the period of the Revolution, a slave might gain his freedom:

If he served in the army, joined the British, granted freedom, or ran away

In the era of the Revolution, the northern states:

Took steps to abolish slavery

Abigail Adams' appeal to her husband John to "remember the ladies":

Was basically ignored

The 640-acre sections created in the Northwest:

Would likely be bought by land speculators

The United States departed from the colonial policies of Great Britain by:

Promising equal statehood to all unsettled western territory

The Northwest Ordinance of 1787:

Banned slavery in the Northwest

An ongoing source of American tension toward the British was:

British forts on American soil

The United States contended with Spain over:

Freedom to navigate the Mississippi

Shay's Rebellion broke out in:

Western Massachusetts

Shay's Rebellion was led by:

Indebted farmers

Shay's Rebellion:

Was repressed by state militia

Mid-Term Flashcards

(126 cards)