Mid-term Flashcards
(40 cards)
Defense mechanism:
someone denies a threatening feeling and proclaims she
feels the opposite.
Reaction formation
e.g. feeling inside same sex attraction - come out as a homophobic
Defense mechanism:
when a person feels something that is not acceptable to him, attributes that feeling toward other person as he/ she is experiencing that feeling.
Projection
Defense mechanism:
Take anger out onto another person that is safer. e.g. yinstead (safer target).
Displacement
e.g. you can’t be angry with your supervisor, so yell at children instead (safer target
Defense mechanism:
Instead of acting out anger negative way, use it to bring positive outcomes.
Sublimation
e.g. child killed by a drunk driver - join organization to prevent drunk driving
Defense mechanism:
people rationalize unacceptable behavior to look/sound more rational.
Rationalization
e.g. I cheated on tax form but the government takes too much money any way so it’s ok
This concept refers to the client’s tendency to
view the therapist in terms that are shaped by his or her experiences with important
caregivers and other significant figures who played important roles during the developmental process.
Transference
The therapist’s reactions to the client is
Countertransference
Carl Roger’s three facilitative conditions
- Unconditional positive regard
- Accurate empathic understanding
- Genuineness (congruence)
warm acceptance, non-possessive caring, non-judgmental openness
Unconditional positive regard
the most basic of the attitudinal conditions that foster therapeutic growth.
Congruence
Goal of Humanistic Psychotherapy:
Self-actualization: let go of false yourself and get to be who you really are.
Client-Centered Therapy Goals:
Help clients to achieve ? between self and experience, so that they can become more ?2 people
congruence,
fully-functioning and self-actualizing
Existential Anxiety:
the threat of ?, the necessity to make choices in the face of ?, and the knowledge that one can never know what it feels like to be ?.
non-being (death)
uncertainty
someone else
Reinforcement for Behavioral Therapy:Positive reinforcement
-when a stimulus that follows a behavior increases the ?
likelihood that the behavior will occur again.
Reinforcement for Behavioral Therapy: Negative reinforcement occurs when ?, following a behavior increases the likelihood that the behavior will occur again.
the removal of a stimulus
The goal of negative reinforcement is to?
increase the occurrence of a behavior.
Classical conditioning is a form of respondent learning in which an ? stimulus (e.g. food for dog), leads to an ? response (e.g. salivation). This is paired with a ? stimulus (e.g. bell) resulting in the same response.
unconditioned / unconditioned
conditioned
Operant conditioning is a form of learning in which the ?3 of a behavior is influenced by its ?.
frequency, form, or strength
consequences
The goal of cognitive behavior is to make client aware of ?and ? and to label events more accurately.
logical errors
irrational thinking
Punishment:
The application of ? following a behavior in order to decrease the probability that?
a stimulus
the behavior will occur again.
Extinction:
Withdrawing ? following a target behavior, in order to decrease the probability that?
positive reinforcement
the target behavior will occur again
Premack’s principal:
? behaviors are used to reinforce ? behaviors so that they are more likely to occur.
high-probability (more desirable behaviors)
lower-probability (less desirable behaviors)
e.g. TV time as a reward for making a bed
Differential Reinforcement for Other Behaviors (DRO):
All behaviors, except the target behavior, are ?, and positive reinforcement is withheld following the?
positively reinforced
target behavior.
Response Cost:
? is removed each time the behavior is performed, usually associated with?
A positive reinforcer
a loss of points in a token economy
