Mid-Term

Question 1

What is sociology?

Answer 1

The Scientific study of social life and social change.

Question 2

What are the three levels of analysis?

Answer 2

Micro
Meso
Macro

Question 3

What do all social units connect to make up?

Answer 3

Social Structure

Question 4

What is a group of 2 persons called in a sociology study?

Answer 4

Dyad

Question 5

Who coined the termed sociology?

Answer 5

Auguste Compte

Question 6

What sources can be studied when using the Existing Data method for a research?

Answer 6

Newspapers
Police Reports
Studies by the Census Bureau

Question 7

What is the Sociological Imagination?

Answer 7

The relationship between individual experiences and public issues.

Question 8

What are the ethics in sociological research?

Answer 8

The researcher must remain free from personal bias.

Question 9

What is an independent variable and a dependent variable?

Answer 9

Independent variable: A variable which can affect another variable.

Dependent Variable: A variable which is affected by the independent variable.

Question 10

What does the Functionalism Theory emphasize about social institutions?

Answer 10

Social Institutions perform important functions to help social stability.

Question 11

What is a random sample?

Answer 11

Every person in the population has an equal chance to be selected.

Question 12

According to Karl Marx, what are the two types of social classes in society?

Answer 12

Bourgeoisie

Proletariat

Question 13

What enables us to pass on culture?

Answer 13

Language

Question 14

What can ethnocentrism promote?

Answer 14

Loyalty
Unity
Conformity

Question 15

Define beliefs.

Answer 15

Specific ideas about life and how society works and how we fit in the world.

Question 16

What are subcultures? What are countercultures? What are some examples of each? What is the difference between subcultures and countercultures?

Answer 16

Subcultures norms and values do not clash with the dominant culture.

Countercultures do clash with the dominant culture.

Question 17

Define norms.

Answer 17

Are rules of behavior shared by members of a society and rooted in the value system.

Question 18

What are the 3 categories of norms?

Answer 18

Folkways
Mores
Laws

Question 19

According to Emile Durkheim, societies evolved from mechanic societies to ___________.

Answer 19

Organic Societies

Question 20

What is cultural relativism?

Answer 20

Setting aside personal beliefs, not judging, understanding culture by their own standards.

Question 21

What is ethnocentrism?

Answer 21

The belief that one’s own group or culture is superior to all other groups or cultures.

Question 22

Values

Answer 22

Shared judgments of what’s desirable and undesirable.

Question 23

Define Social Construction of Reality.

Answer 23

What is considered real, what culture is defined as real.

Question 24

Define Cultural Diffusion.

Answer 24

Spreading culture characteristics to one culture to another.

Question 25

What are rites of passage?

Answer 25

Celebrations or public recognition when individual shifts from one role to another.

Question 26

If a person is 65 years or older, can they continue experiencing socialization? Why or Why not?

Answer 26

Yes, life long process.

Question 27

According to George Herbert Mead, which part of the "Self" requires the ability to take the role of the other and anticipate the other's reaction?

Answer 27

The "Me"

Question 28

Define Socialization

Answer 28

The life-long process of learning to become part of the social world.

Question 29

Socialization is a _________ for all cultures.

Answer 29

Universal

Question 30

What are Total Institutions?

Answer 30

Total control of the residents. I.E. Prisons, institutions.

Question 31

In what stage do children begin to understand the generalized other?

Answer 31

Game Stage

Question 32

Name the 3 agents of socialization

Answer 32

Family Peer Groups Media

Question 33

What does our expressions of emotions depend on?

Answer 33

Socialization and culture

Question 34

According to Sociologist, what is far more important as the central force in shaping human social behavior through the socialization process?

Answer 34

Nature vs nurtured -> more important

Question 35

What are the elements of the Looking Glass Self Theory? How many are there?

Answer 35

1.) We imagine how we appear to others 2.) We interpret their reactions 3.) We develop a self-concept. Three

Question 36

What is the primary goal of Bureaucracies?

Answer 36

To maximize efficiency.

Question 37

What are social statuses? What are the types of statuses?

Answer 37

Positions people hold in the social world. Ascribed Achieved Master

Question 38

What is frontstage and backstage behavior?

Answer 38

Front stage is practiced, back stage is our true behavior where very little people see.

Question 39

What does appropriate personal space varies by?

Answer 39

Cultural Setting

Question 40

What is a Reference Group?

Answer 40

A group that are members that act as role models to another and establish standards against members who measure their conduct.

Question 41

What is an Aggregate?

Answer 41

A collection of people in a place at the same time, but don't interact.

Question 42

What was the linked variable that Emile Durkheim found to suicide?

Answer 42

Social bond with others.

Question 43

What are the 3 types of suicide that Durkheim discussed? Explain each type

Answer 43

Egostical -> Little bond with others Anomic -> Lost job Altruistic -> Willig to die for someone

Question 44

Why does social stability results?

Answer 44

Groups induce their members to conform.

Question 45

What are the characteristics of Primary Groups?

Answer 45

They have intrinsic value Strong influence of behavior Long lasting

Question 46

What is important for a group’s stability?

Answer 46

Group Size

Question 47

What is Anomie?

Answer 47

A state of normlessness

Question 48

In the U.S., what is the biggest subgroup living in poverty?

Answer 48

Children

Question 49

What is social capital?

Answer 49

Networks with others

Question 50

What does feminization of poverty refers to?

Answer 50

Training with single females with children living in poverty.

Question 51

What did C. Wright Mills insisted about power in the United States?

Answer 51

The power elite, power is concentrated in a small group.

Question 52

What are the two types of vertical social mobility? Explain each type.

Answer 52

Intergenerational -> Vertical mobility from one generation to the next within the same family Intragenerational -> Vertical mobility within a person's own lifetime.

Question 53

Define Social Stratification

Answer 53

Rankings of people in society based on value resource they have.

Question 54

What is conspicuous consumption?

Answer 54

Individuals will do good things and we will see and respect them.

Question 55

According to Karl Marx, what is a class consciousness?

Answer 55

A shared awareness in a means of their poor status in the means of production.

Question 56

What does a Lifestyle include? If we become millionaires, will our Lifestyle automatically change? Why or why not?

Answer 56

One's attitude, values, beliefs, and behavior problems. Winning monney will not let us buy a completely new life style.

Question 57

What do Power Pluralism Theorists argue about?

Answer 57

They argue that power is not held exclusively