Mid Term B 2

Question 1

What is conscience?

Answer 1

judgement or dictate of the practical intellect deciding from general principles the goodness or evil of some act which is to be done here and now or has been done in the past

Question 2

What is an act?

Answer 2

application of knowledge to an individual fact

Question 3

Where does conscience derive judgement?

Answer 3

general principle (presupposes gen. pri. of faith and reason and applies to act)

Question 4

Is consicene subjective or objective?

Answer 4

subjective

Question 5

What is primary function of conscience?

Answer 5

pass judgement on an act which is to be done or have already been done

Question 6

What is a moral habit (synderesis)?

Answer 6

habitual practical knowledge of the first principles whose proper act is to decide in a general way that good must be done and evil avoided

Question 7

What is difference between synderesis and conscience?

Answer 7

conscience individual synderesis general and conscience can err but synderesis never can

Question 8

What is a moral science (MS)?

Answer 8

deduces objective conclusions from the first principles

Question 9

What is difference between MS and conscience?

Answer 9

conscience is subjective and may(not) agree w/ moral science

Question 10

What is prudence?

Answer 10

a virtue which sometimes coincides w/ conscience

Question 11

What is difference between prudence and conscience?

Answer 11

pru habit while conscience is an act

Question 12

What does natural law embrace?

Answer 12

objective principles of morality

Question 13

What is difference between natrual law and conscience?

Answer 13

conscience uses general principles of morality to decide whether an act should be performed or ommitted

Question 14

What are the kinds of acts for conscience?

Answer 14

antecedent or consequent

Question 15

What is antecedent act of conscience?

Answer 15

precedes the act performed and it either commands, forbids, counsels, or permits performance of an acy

Question 16

What is consequent act of conscience?

Answer 16

passes judgement on acts already performed and it approves of the act performed causing spiritual joy OR disapproves of the causing remorse (Examination of Conscience)

Question 17

When is a True Conscience conformed to the eternal law?

Answer 17

deduces correctly from true principles that some act is lawful

Question 18

When is a False Conscience exercised?

Answer 18

decides from false principles considered as true that something is lawful which in fact is unlawful

Question 19

What are divisions of an erroneous conscience?

Answer 19

scrupulous, perplexed, lax, pharasaic

Question 20

What is scrupulous conscience?

Answer 20

for usesless and ridiculous reasons it things or rather fears that an act is evil when it is not

Question 21

What is a perplexed conscience?

Answer 21

sees sin both in the performance and in the omission of some act

Question 22

What is a lax conscience?

Answer 22

judges on insufficient grounds that there is not sin in the act or that the sin is not grave though It Is (sees sin nowhere)

Question 23

What is the worst type of lax consciecnce?

Answer 23

hardened for it sees some sins to be of little importance

Question 24

What is a pharasaical conscience?

Answer 24

minimises grave sins but magnifies matters of little importance as the Pharisees

Question 25

What are the three forms of assent regarding conscience?

Answer 25

certain, probable, doubting

Question 26

When does a conscience assent to an act?

Answer 26

certain: when it firmly decides that some act is either lawful or unlawful. Probable: when it judges that some act is probably lawful or unlawful. Doubting: when it hesistates to pass judgement on the moral character of an act

Question 27

What is the First Principle of the True and False Conscience?

Answer 27

Everyone is obliged to use serious care to possess on all occassions a true conscience

Question 28

Why are all obliged to a true conscience?

Answer 28

conscince is proximate norm of morality which acts as guide for man's moral life

Question 29

What is the proximate norm of morality?

Answer 29

conscience

Question 30

What are means to obtain true conscience?

Answer 30

careful knowledge of laws which govern our moral life, taking wise counsel, prayer to the Father of light, removal of obstacles to a true conscience

Question 31

What is the Second Principle of True and False Conscience?

Answer 31

Everyone is obliged to follow his conscience whether it commands or forbids some action, not only when it is true but also when it is in invincible error

Question 32

Why is "commands" and "forbids" used?

Answer 32

One must follow even if invicibly ignorant

Question 33

What is the Third Principle of True and False Conscience?

Answer 33

not permissable to follow conscience when in vincible error, but one cannot act contrary to such a conscience. Error must be corrected before any action taken

Question 34

Is a vincibly ignorant conscience a certain conscience?

Answer 34

NO

Question 35

How do we indirectly remove doubt?

Answer 35

reflex principles

Question 36

What are Reflex or Indirect Principles?

Answer 36

general directions which directly and of themeselves do not prove the truth of the matter under investigation but do reflect their own clear light on the obscure practical doubt and dispel the darkenss of that doubt while the act is being performed

Question 37

What are the significant reflex principles?

Answer 37

doubtful law has no binding force, in doubt one must stand by presumption, in doubt possession is nine-tenths of the law

Question 38

When does a doubtful law not have binding force?

Answer 38

when doubt concerns the lawfulness of an act and not its validity

Question 39

When can a doubtful law not be applied?

Answer 39

concerns validity of the Sacraments, concerns somthing which is absolutely necessary for salvation e.g. risk of losing eternal life, the safer opinion must be followed, when the question involves an established right of a third party e.g. judge would not be justified in giving judgement on the basis of a probable opinion while refusing to follow what is certainly the more probable opinion

Question 40

What else shoudl one do in doubt?

Answer 40

One must stand in presumption

Question 41

What is a moral system?

Answer 41

method of arriving at moral certainty from a state of practical doubt

Question 42

What are the seven systems?

Answer 42

rigorism (absolute tutiorism), morderate tutiorism, probabiliorism, equiprobabilism, Pure probabilism, Lax probabilism, compensationism (system of sufficient cause)

Question 43

What is rigorism?

Answer 43

maintains that the safer course must always be followed even though the opinion in favour of liberty is most probable (Condemned by Alexander VIII)

Question 44

What is moderate tutiorism?

Answer 44

less safe opinion which favours liberty can be followed provided that it is most probable

Question 45

What is probabiliorism?

Answer 45

one may follow the opinion that favours liberty so long as it is clearly more probable than the opinion in favour of the law

Question 46

What is equiprobabilism?

Answer 46

when there are conflicting opinions which are eqaully or almost equally probable it is lawful to follow the opinion in favour of liberty when the doubt relates to the existence of law, but if the doubt concerns cessation of law then the law continues to bind

Question 47

What is pure probabilism?

Answer 47

in case of doubt relating to the lawfulness of acts and not to their validity it is always lawful to follow the opinion in favour of liberty if the opinion is certainly probable, even though the opinion in favour of the law is more probable

Question 48

What are the kinds of probability?

Answer 48

Intrinsic Probability and Extrinisc Probability?

Question 49

What is intrinsic probability?

Answer 49

when founded on reasons taken from the nature of the matter to prove its truth

Question 50

What is extrinsic probability?

Answer 50

based on authority of learned men

Question 51

What is an opinion extrinsically probably?

Answer 51

five or six noteworthy authoritiesin favor or at least one outstanding doctor lk STA or SA

Question 52

What are the three kinds of opinion?

Answer 52

certainly, doubtfully, slightly (all three depend on whether opinion rests on sold and firm arguments or doubtful or slight arguments