Mid-Term Quizlet for Thru Reconstruction

Question 1

were subordinate to husbands, raised the children, and were dutiful helpmates

Answer 1

Women in free hold society New England

Question 2

The Enlightenment

Answer 2

a movement that emphasized science and reason as guides to help see the world more clearly

Question 3

Isaac Newton

Answer 3

used mathematics to explain how the universe could operate without constant divine intervention.

Question 4

John Locke

Answer 4

The idea of natural rights and government deriving its power from the consent of the governed was articulated by the philosopher

Question 5

Ben Franklin

Answer 5

wrote Poor Richard’s Almanac, founded the American Philosophical Society, invented bifocal lenses

Question 6

Deism

Answer 6

A popular Enlightenment era belief that there is a God, but that God isn’t involved in people’s lives or in revealing truths to prophets

Question 7

Pietism

Answer 7

A Protestant revival movement in early-eighteenth-century Germany and Scandinavia that emphasized a warm and emotional religion, and stressed human beings’ dependence on God

Question 8

George Whitefield and Jonathan Edwards

Answer 8

Became the most dynamic preachers of the Great Awakening.

Question 9

“Old Lights”

Answer 9

Persuaded the Connecticut Assembly to prohibit traveling preachers from speaking to established congregations without the minister’s permission

Question 10

“New Lights”

Answer 10

People who experienced conversion during the revivals of the Great Awakening and condemned “Old Lights” as unconverted sinners.

Question 11

Middle Colonies

Answer 11

New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware - known as the bread colonies and a variety of religious groups including the Quakers.

Question 12

The Baptists

Answer 12

Dissenters of the Church of England and focused on the power of local churches. It was very simple and appealed to rural people and challenged Virginia gentry.

Question 13

South Carolina Regulators

Answer 13

They wanted more local courts and more representation in the Assembly.

Question 14

French and Indian War Causes

Answer 14

Both France and England want possession of the Ohio River Valley.
Most Native American groups fought with the French.

Question 15

Treaty of Paris 1763

Answer 15

Ended French and Indian War, France lost Canada, land east of the Mississippi, to British, New Orleans and west of Mississippi to Spain

Question 16

French and Indian War

Answer 16

This war between the French and the British ran up British national debt and led to a series of new taxes imposed on the colonists while also exposing the weakness of the British administrative control.

Question 17

Sugar Act of 1764

Answer 17

An act that raised tax revenue in the colonies for the crown. It also increased the duty on foreign sugar imported from the West Indies.

Question 18

Stamp Act of 1765

Answer 18

This act required colonists to pay for an official stamp, or seal, when they bought paper items. Colonists responded with quick and united opposition.

Question 19

Townshend Acts (1767)

Answer 19

passed by Parliament, put a tax on glass, lead, paper, and tea. The acts caused protest from the colonists, who found ways around the taxes such as buying smuggled tea. Due to its little profits, the Townshend Acts were repealed in 1770, except for the tax on tea. The tax on tea was kept to keep alive the principle of Parliamentary taxation.

Question 20

Boston Massacre (1770)

Answer 20

An incident in which British soldiers fired into a crowd of colonists who were teasing and taunting them; five colonists were killed. Boston’s radicals used incident to wage an Anti-British propaganda war.

Question 21

Boston Tea Party (1773)

Answer 21

American colonists calling themselves the Sons of Liberty, disguised as Mohawk Native Americans, boarded three British ships and dumped British tea into the Boston harbor.

Question 22

American Revolution (years)

Answer 22

1775-1783

Question 23

1st shots of American Revolution

Answer 23

Lexington

Question 24

Author of Common Sense which stressed independence, republicanism, and an end to monarchy

Answer 24

Thomas Paine

Question 25

British strategy in 1777 in American Revolution

Answer 25

isolate middle and southern colonies from New England

Question 26

George Washington’s strategy in the Revolution

Answer 26

to draw Brits along the coast to extend supply and communication lines

Question 27

Battle of Saratoga (1777)

Answer 27

Decisive colonial victory in upstate New York; considered to be the turning point of the American Revolution. Caused France to openly support the colonies with military forces in addition to the supplies and money already being sent.

Question 28

War in the South

Answer 28

The British moved attacks to the south, in hope of more support. Defeated the patriots in many small battles. Nathaniel Green was key figure for the Patriots and used guerilla tactics in attacking British supply wagons.

Question 29

Treaty of Paris 1783

Answer 29

This treaty ended the Revolutionary War, recognized the independence of the American colonies, and granted the colonies the territory from the southern border of Canada to the northern border of Florida, and from the Atlantic coast to the Mississippi River

Question 30

Treaty of Versailles 1783

Answer 30

Spain gets Florida. France gets Tobago. American access to the far west of Appalachian mountains.

Question 31

Land Ordinance of 1785; Northwest Ordinance of 1787

Answer 31

Provided for the orderly settlement of the Trans-Appalachian west. The greatest achievement of the Articles of Confederation.

Question 32

Pennsylvania

Answer 32

After the Revolution, this state demonstrated the most democratic republicanism

Question 33

Shay’s Rebellion (1786-1787)

Answer 33

Rebellion of debtor farmers in Massachusetts led by Daniel Shays. After the rebellion was crushed by the Mass. state militia, many prominent American leaders called for a strengthening of the national government to prevent such rebellions in the future.

Question 34

Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation

Answer 34

One vote for each State, regardless of size. Congress powerless to lay and collect taxes or duties. Congress powerless to regulate foreign and interstate commerce. No executive to enforce acts of Congress. No national court system. Amendment only with consent of all States. A 9/13 majority required to pass laws. Articles only a “firm league of friendship.”

Question 35

Constitutional Convention - 2 main issues

Answer 35

Representation in Congress and slavery

Question 36

Virginia Plan

Answer 36

“Large state” proposal for the new constitution, calling for proportional representation in both houses of a bicameral Congress. The plan favored larger states and thus prompted smaller states to come back with their own plan for apportioning representation.

Question 37

New Jersey Plan

Answer 37

The proposal at the Constitutional Convention that called for equal representation of each state in Congress regardless of the state’s population.

Question 38

Whiskey Rebellion

Answer 38

1794 protest against the government’s tax on whiskey by backcountry farmers

Question 39

Two political parties during Constitutional Crisis

Answer 39

Federalists and anti-federalists

Question 40

Marbury v. Madison (1803)

Answer 40

Established judicial review; “midnight judges;” John Marshall; power of the Supreme Court.

Question 41

Jefferson Administration

Answer 41

Allowed for smaller sections of government land to be sold off. Jefferson didn’t like Constitution, or National Bank. Democratic Republican, anti-Hamiltonian. Stopped funding Navy. Dominated by Embargo Act. Secretary of State was Madison.

Question 42

Louisiana Purchase

Answer 42

1803 purchase of the Louisiana territory from France for 15 million. Made by Jefferson, this doubled the size of the US.

Question 43

Embargo Act of 1807

Answer 43

Law that forbade American ships from sailing to foreign ports and closed American ports to British ships. Hurt U.S. economy and Jefferson administration.

Question 44

Missouri Compromise of 1820

Answer 44

Compromise - Maine enters as free state, Missouri as slave state, prohibited slavery in Louisiana Territory north of 36°30′ , preserved balance in US Senate. Set precedent for states applying for statehood in pairs.

Question 45

Second Great Awakening

Answer 45

A series of religious revivals starting in 1801, based on Methodism and Baptism. Stressed a religious philosophy of salvation through good deeds and tolerance for all Protestant sects. The revivals attracted women, Blacks, and Native Americans.

Question 46

Jefferson versus Hamilton

Answer 46

Jefferson favored states rights and Hamilton favored a strong central government. Jefferson envisioned a country of small farmers whereas Hamilton envisioned a country dominated by commerce and industry. Hamilton was pro-British while Jefferson favored the French.

Question 47

Advantages of colonists in American Revolution

Answer 47

Colonists were fighting on their soil and knew the land better. Colonists had a cause they were passionate about and were defending their homes and families. The British were separated by the ocean which made it difficult and time consuming to get supplies and orders from Britain. Colonists used guerilla tactics to win small engagements and avoided open field style of fighting.

Question 48

1775-1783

Answer 48

American Revolution (years)

Question 49

Declaration of Independence

Answer 49

The document recording the proclamation of the second Continental Congesss (4 July 1776) asserting the independence of the colonies from Great Britain and to justify to the world why the colonies wanted to seperate and to blame it on George lll