Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Survey Design & Analysis > Mid Tri Exam > Flashcards

Mid Tri Exam Flashcards

(68 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is the broad content domain discussed in Week 1?

A

College drinking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the components of a research question?

A

Why, how, how much, who does it, to whom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What must a prediction in research be?

A

Testable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

List potential methods for data collection.

A
  • Survey
  • Interviews
  • Experiments
  • Label studies
  • Observation
  • Qualitative methods
  • Mixed methods
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a histogram?

A

A visual representation of the frequency of data points in a dataset

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does skew refer to in data distribution?

A

The asymmetry of the distribution; positive skew is skewed to the right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Define kurtosis.

A

The peakness of the distribution; negative kurtosis indicates a flat distribution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a unimodal distribution?

A

A distribution with one peak

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the three measures of central tendency?

A
  • Mode
  • Median
  • Mean
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How is the median calculated?

A

Organize data from lowest to highest and take the middle value

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does the mean represent?

A

The average of all scores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does the sum of the positive and negative deviations from the mean equal?

A

0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

In a perfect normal distribution, what is true about the mean, median, and mode?

A

They are all the same

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does low variability in data indicate?

A

Narrow peak in the distribution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the quartiles in a dataset?

A

Splits data into four equal parts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is variance?

A

The average of the squared deviations from the mean

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How is population variance calculated?

A

Sum of squares divided by the number of values

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the formula for standard deviation?

A

Square root of variance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does the 1.5 IQR rule help identify?

A

Outliers in the data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is a normal distribution characterized by?

A
  • Symmetry
  • Unimodality
  • Bell shape
  • Mean = median = mode
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does the 68-95-99.7 rule describe?

A

The percentage of data that falls within 1, 2, and 3 standard deviations from the mean

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is reliability in the context of survey measures?

A

The ability to measure a construct consistently

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Define validity in measurement.

A

The accuracy of a measure in assessing the construct of interest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is test-retest reliability?

A

The stability of a measurement across time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What does internal consistency assess?
The extent to which items on a measure assess the same construct
26
What is Cronbach's alpha?
A coefficient that measures internal consistency; .7 is the recommended minimum
27
What is content validity?
The extent to which a measure covers all aspects of the construct
28
What is the difference between convergent and discriminant validity?
* Convergent validity: High correlation with similar constructs * Discriminant validity: Low correlation with unrelated constructs
29
What is criterion validity?
The extent to which a measure corresponds to another accurate measure of the construct
30
Define sampling bias.
When some subgroups are over or underrepresented in a sample
31
What is sampling error?
Fluctuation in sampling that can lead to differences observed by chance
32
What is a sampling distribution?
The distribution of statistics expected from an infinite number of samples from a population
33
What does the standard error of the mean represent?
The average distance between a sample mean and the population mean
34
What is a descriptive hypothesis?
A hypothesis about a group's characteristics or correlations between variables
35
What are fixed alternative questions?
Questions with predefined answers for respondents to choose from
36
What is a Likert-type item?
An interval item ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree
37
What is the issue with retrospective self-reports?
Participants may not accurately remember past behaviors
38
Define social desirability bias.
When participants alter their responses to appear favorable
39
What is a structured interview?
An interview where all respondents are asked a standard list of questions
40
What type of items do Likert-type questions yield?
Interval data ## Footnote Likert-type items range from strongly disagree to strongly agree.
41
What is a summated score in the context of Likert scales?
Total score from Likert scale ## Footnote Used to reduce work and running multiple t tests.
42
What is a structured interview?
An interview in which all respondents are asked a standard list of questions ## Footnote Reduces risk of interviewer bias.
43
What is the nature of open-ended questions?
Fill in the blank, short answer ## Footnote They avoid putting words in the person's mouth and help discover beliefs.
44
What should be avoided in question editing?
Leading questions, social desirability, double-barreled questions, long questions, negations, irrelevant questions, poorly worded response options, big words, and misinterpreted terms ## Footnote These can confuse respondents or bias their answers.
45
What is the ideal sequence for asking questions in a survey?
Least personal questions first, qualify early, keep similar questions together, and demographic questions last ## Footnote This helps respondents feel comfortable and organized.
46
What are the three strategies for making coding responses easier?
Answer blocks in the left margin, separate answer sheets, and coding sheets for computer scoring ## Footnote These methods save time and improve accuracy.
47
What does a scatterplot illustrate?
Form, direction, and strength of data associations ## Footnote Helps visualize correlations between two variables.
48
What does the notation 'r' represent in correlation?
Measures strength and direction of the association between 2 variables ## Footnote Ranges from -1 to +1.
49
What indicates a strong correlation in the context of 'r' values?
Correlations near -1 or +1 ## Footnote Weak correlations are near zero.
50
Define random sampling.
Each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected ## Footnote This reduces bias in sample selection.
51
What is convenience sampling?
Sampling people who are easy to survey ## Footnote Not accurate to population.
52
What is the relationship between bias and precision?
Bias is influenced by sampling approach; precision is influenced by sample size ## Footnote Low bias and high precision are desired.
53
What is bivariate regression?
The relationship between one predictor variable and one outcome variable ## Footnote It's an extension of correlation.
54
What components are involved in bivariate regression?
The intercept and the slope ## Footnote They help create the regression equation.
55
What is a residual in regression analysis?
Difference between actual score and predicted score ## Footnote Represented as Y = Y' + e.
56
What does the regression equation describe?
The line of best fit ## Footnote It includes systematic and random components.
57
What is a dummy variable?
A categorical variable coded as 1 and 0 ## Footnote Used in regression analyses for dichotomous predictors.
58
What do beta weights represent?
Standardized coefficients in regression ## Footnote They allow for comparison across variables.
59
What is R square (R²) in the context of regression?
Proportion of total variation of scores on the Y variable accounted for by the regression equation ## Footnote It indicates the variance explained by the predictor variable.
60
What is the purpose of codebooks in data preparation?
To keep info about our measures in one place
61
What information do codebooks provide regarding measures?
They tell us how many items each measure comprises, which items are positive versus negatively keyed and what numbers in our dataset represent
62
What is the purpose of identifying data in a dataset?
To give each person an ID number
63
What does recoding involve in data preparation?
64
What are composite scores?
Aggregate (total) of all items in the scale
65
How are composite scores typically calculated?
Usually summed or averaged total
66
What should you check for when creating a composite score?
Scale instructions on how to create a composite
67
What should you do if no instructions are specified for creating a composite score?
Sum if there is no missing data for each item; average if there is missing data for any of the items
68
Fill in the blank: Composite scores are usually _______ or averaged total.
summed

Survey Design & Analysis (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions