Mid Unit Review Flashcards
(27 cards)
Whats the function of the pelvic floor
- support pelvic organs
- maintain intra abdominal pressure
- facilitate defaecation
- maintain urinary and faecal continence
- facilitate birth
What do the cardinal ligaments support?
Hold the cervix and upper vagina in place
What do the uterosacral ligaments support?
Hold the back of the cervix and the upper vagina laterally
What does the round ligament support?
Maintain the antverted position of the uterus
What are the 3 mechanisms of support of the pelvic floor?
1) suspension>vertical support working against gravity
2) attachment> important in maintaing urinary continence
3) fusion> supports lower half of vagina
What provides attachment to pelvic floor
- arcus tendinosus fascia ‘white line’
- endpelvic fascia stretched from white line to the vaginal wall (like a hammock)
Lower half of the vagina is supported by?
Fusion of the vaginal endopelvic fascia to the perineal body posteriorly, the levator ani laterally and urethra anteriorly
All pelvic floor muscles join and insert where?
All muscles join and insert at perineal body
General composition of pelvic floor
- levator ani muscles
- urogenital diaphragm/perineal membrane
- perineal body
- perineal muscles
- posterior compartment
Whats the blood/ nerve supply to the pelvic floor
Internal and external pudendal arteries
Branches of pudendal nerve (derives its fibrs from the 2/3/4 sacral nerve)
Whats the lymphatic drainage of the pelvic floor
Via the inguinal lymph nodes
What is the anatomical point of insertion fo the levator ani muscles?
Perineal body
What superficial muscle acts as an additional support for the vagina?
Bulbospongiosus
Which structure is responsible for maintaining faecal continence?
Puborectalis
Which nerve supplies the muscle responsible for the patients incontinence?
Pudendal nerve
Whatre the similarities between the development of the reproductive tracts
- germ cells migrate and drive development of the gonad
- gonads descend
- duct system forms internal genitalia
Whats the inital step of the development of the reproductive tract?
Same for M and F
Primordial germ cells migrate along retroperitoneum to the gonad at the urogenital ridge
Whats Congenital adrenal hyperplasia? Symptoms?
- enlargement of adrenal gland
Often involved in deficiency of 21 hydroxylase
Los of aldosterone and cortisol from cortex. No subsequent loss of testosterone.
> drives the ambiguous genitalia.
Symptoms:
- lethargic
- loss of weight (due to dehydration. Aldosterone loss. Salt inbalance)
- ambiguous genitalia
What are the stages of the ovarian cycle
Follicular -1st half
Luteal= second half of menstrual cycle
What are the stages of the uterine cycle?
Proliferative= 1st half
Secretory=2nd half menstrual cycle
Why is there low levels of oestrogen at the start of menstrual cycle?
To prevent negative feedback on pituitary gland and hypothalamus
A surge of what cause ovulation
LH
What is released in large amounts by the corpus luteum?
Progesterone
Also produces oestrogen BUT in lesser amounts
Syncytiotrophoblast releases?
B-hCG
Beta
