Middles Ages Flashcards

(46 cards)

1
Q

Common law

A

A legal system based on court rulings. It applied to all of England

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2
Q

Jury

A

Group of men sworn to speak the truth in court. Decide which cases to use for the court.

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3
Q

King John

A

Son of king henry the 2nd, he was an Enemy of King Phillip the 2nd of France, Pope innocent the 3rd, and his own English Nobles. Fought Philip and lost parts of France, fought pope over who should choose the arch bishop, and got excommunicated. In order to save his crown, he accepted England as a fief of papacy and payed a yearly fee to Rome from then on

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4
Q

Magna Carta

A

A great charted (document) that said nobles had certain rights (over time those rights went on to the English citizens), and Monarchs had to obey the law

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5
Q

Due process of law

A

Fair treatment through the normal judicial system, especially as a citizens entitlement

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6
Q

Habeas corpus

A

The principle that no person can be held in prison without first being charged with a specific crime

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7
Q

Parliament

A

The highest legislator (a person who makes laws),consisting of sovereign, the house of lords, and the house of commons

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8
Q

Louis IX

A

Led two crusades against muslims, was a king of England, persecuted heretics (people who believed in the church) and Jews, was declared a st. 30 years after his death

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9
Q

Holy Roman Empire

A

A multi-ethnic complex of territories in central Europe that developed during the middle ages and continued until its end in 1806 😝

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10
Q

HRE Henry IV

A

Was the King of Germany, was a holy roman emperor, feuded with Pope Gregory VII over who should lay investiture, Gregory excommunicated him, but when Henry asked for forgiveness as a sinner Gregory had to free him of excommunication, and Henry lead an army to Rome Forcing Gregory into hiding

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11
Q

Pope Gregory VII

A

Had a feud with Henry IV over who should lay investors

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12
Q

Lay investure

A

Appointing of clergy 😝

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13
Q

Frederic Barbarossa

A

Otherwise know as red beard, wanted to build an Empire from the Baltic to the Adriatic. He tried to take wealthy Italian cites, but they got help from the pope and they stopped him

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14
Q

Pipe innocent the third

A

Claimed Supremacy over all worldly rulers, launched a Crusade against the Albigensian’s in southern France. They were regarded as heretics

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15
Q

Crusades

A

Holy wars

There were 4 of them

(LOOK THEM UP IN CLASS NOTES❕❕❕❕❕❕❕)

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16
Q

Holy Land

A

Jerusalem and other places in Palestine.

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17
Q

Pope Urban II

A

Alexius, the king of the Byzantine empire asked him to send reinforcements to help him fight the Muslims. Popes and Byzantine emperors we’re long time rivals, but he agreed. And that’s how the first Crusade started

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18
Q

Reconquista

A

Reconquest

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19
Q

Ferdinand and Isabella

A

They made the final push against the Muslim stronghold of Granada. It fell in 1492, and the reconquista

20
Q

Inquisition

A

Assigned by the church, they inquisition would torture people into confessing heretics, then burn them

21
Q

Scholasticism

A

Using reason to support Christine beliefs

22
Q

Thomas Aquinas

A

A Scholastic, concluded faith and reason exist in harmony. So he basically brought together Greek philosophy and Christian faith

23
Q

Vernacular

A

Everyday languages of the people, such as French, German, and Italian.

24
Q

Dante Alighieri

A

An Italian poet, wrote a poem about an imaginary journey to hell and purgatory. There, souls await forgiveness. At the end its about heaven. “Abandon all hope ye that enter here” maker

25
Geoffrey Chaucer
Wrote Canterbury tales, story's about pilgrimages, one of which goes to st. Thomas Beckets tomb
26
Gothic
It's most important example, was the flying buttress, or rather stone supports that stood outside the church. Theses supports allowed builders to make higher and thinner walls, in order to make incredibly high ceilings and leave room for stain glass windows. Another example is Romans had smaller windows
27
The black death
Plague that struck most of Europe. Took out one out of every three people. Worst death, even worse than any war in history
28
Schism
A split or division between strongly opposed sections or parties, caused by differences in opinion or belief
29
Anglo Saxon chronicles
An Early history of England, mostly written by different members of the clergy, was about events on warfare and important of the time
30
Edward the confessor
Second to last Anglo saxon king, was very religious, before he died pronounced Harold his successor even though his Cousin William of Normandy said he already promised it to him
31
Harold
Last Anglo Saxon king of England, died at the battle of Hastings trying to get the throne
32
Battle of Stamford bridge
Battle where Harold defeated Tostig, his brother
33
Bayeux tapestry
Depicts Norman conquest from beginning to end, ends at the battle of Hastings
34
Tower of London
Built as a prison almost a Melanie's ago, so the newly crowned king William of Normandy could keep his new subjects in line. Could also be used to keep track of trade and keep an eye out for invaders
35
Domesday book
William of Normandy authorized it, it said how much each man owned and how much it was worth
36
Parliament
At first, it had been nothing more than a gathering of men who summoned the king to him talk about matters of law or the state. After many years, parliament had to give its consent for new taxes
37
Absolute monarchy
The ultimate authority who ran the state (the king)
38
Estates General
Social hierarchy in France Clergy Nobility Everyone else
39
Philip the fourth of France
King if France who secured royal power by creating wars against other neighbors
40
Pope Clement V
Instead of being appointed by Cardinals, he was appointed by king Phillip IV. The same king also appointed a lot of Grench cardinals so the pope would almost always be French. He forced him to declare pope Boniface VIII's "Clericis Laicos" invalid. That made it so clergy couldn't pay subsidies to lay authority's.
41
Battle of Hastings
William the Conquerer defeats Harold
42
Saladin
Ruler of Egypt, launched a few crusades and made a treaty with king Richard to let them keep Jerusalem
43
King Richard
Negotiated with Saladin for Christians right to visit Jerusalem
44
Thomas Becket
Arch bishop who did not want king Henry to try clergy in royal courts. One day 4 knights heard him shouting who will rid me if him, and they killed him
45
Geoffrey Chaucer
Wrote Canterbury tales
46
William the Conqueror
Was in the battle of Hastings, beat Harold and became king on Christmas day in 1066