Middleton- hepatic viruses

Question 1

what are hepatic viruses?

what causes their associated damage?

Answer 1

viruses that specifically target the liver

Liver damage from virus and host response

Question 2

where do hepatic viruses replicate/infect?

Answer 2

hepatocytes

Question 3

____ and _____ forms of hepatitis are very rare in the US

Answer 3

HDV & HEV

Question 4

Hepatitis B- virus type, genome, virion:

Answer 4

• Hepadnaviridae
• dsDNA
• enveloped

Question 5

the hepatitis B virus genome has ___ intermediate

Answer 5

RNA

Question 6

In hepatitis B, what is the template for transcription?

Answer 6

cccDNA

Question 7

Hepatitis B Requires _________ transcription factors

Answer 7

liver specific

Question 8

how is hepatitis B spread?

Answer 8

• Sex
• Drugs

(and rock & roll)

Question 9

Incubation period for hepatitis B:

Answer 9

30-180 days

1-6 months

Question 10

symptoms of Hepatitis B infection:

Answer 10

• anorexia, vomiting, fatigue, cough

- Jaundice, elevated ALT levels

Question 11

patients will generally recover ____ months after onset of jaundice

Answer 11

3-4 months

Question 12

the chronic form of hepatitis B is present in __% of cases

Answer 12

5%

Question 13

what are the symptoms for the chronic form of hepatitis B

Answer 13

• Sporadic episodes of hepatitis
• Cirrhosis of the liver
• Increased risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)

Question 14

T/F: there is a vaccine available for Hepatitis B, but it is not effective against a chronic infection

Answer 14

true

Question 15

the Hepatitis D virus is a _____ agent, and requires what other infection?

Answer 15

• subviral agent

- requires active HBV (hep b) infection

Question 16

HCV (hepatitis C virus): virus type, genome, virion

Answer 16

• Flaviviridae
• (+)ssRNA
• enveloped

Question 17

after entry, the HCV genome is passed into the _______

Answer 17

passed into cytoplasm

HCV= hepatitis C virus

Question 18

HCV infections typically have _____ signs & symptoms compared to HBV

Answer 18

milder

Question 19

what is much more common in HCV than HBV?

Answer 19

chronic infection

-approx 80% of infections

Question 20

which hepatitis virus causes extrahepatic disease?

Answer 20

• from HCV
• Mixed cryoglobulinemia
• antibody & virus complexes deposit on other tissues
• leads to immune response & tissue damage

Question 21

T/F: HBV and HCV both have vaccines available

Answer 21

False

HBV has vaccine
HCV does not

Question 22

how do people become infected with HAV?

Answer 22

ingestion of fecally contaminated food/water

Question 23

how does HAV enter the liver?

Answer 23

• absorbed through intestines

- moves through PORTAL SYSTEM to reach liver

Question 24

what is the incubation time for HAV?

Answer 24

15-40 days

Question 25

symptoms of HAV are consistent with other hepatic infections, and resolve ________ after infection

Answer 25

8 weeks

Question 26

T/F: both HBV and HAV have vaccines available

Answer 26

true

Question 27

the Hepatitis E virus causes ______ and ______ hepatitis

Answer 27

Foodborne & waterborne

Question 28

the disease caused by HEV is very similar to _____

Answer 28

HAV

Question 29

a HEV infection can be life-threatening to who?

Answer 29

pregnant women

Question 30

T/F: there are no available vaccines for HEV or HCV

Answer 30

true

Question 31

which hepatitis viruses can cause chronic infections?

Answer 31

HBV (5%) HCV (80%) HDV

Question 32

hepatitis B, C and D are all transmitted by what routes?

Answer 32

- vertical (hep A and E dont) - sexual - Parenteral (all forms of hepatitis can transfer this way)

Question 33

which types of hepatitis can be transferred through the fecal-oral route?

Answer 33

HAV and HEV | hep A and E

Question 34

hepatitis ____ and ____ are both non-enveloped

Answer 34

HAV and HEV | neither have an envelope, both can spread through feces