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Honors Earth, Space, Env Science > Mideterm test > Flashcards

Mideterm test Flashcards

1
Q

What does Hydrosphere consist of?

A

Hydrosphere - The water in Earth’s system

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2
Q

What does Biosphere consist of?

A

The regions of the Earth occupied by living organisms. Living things.

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3
Q

What does Cryosphere consist of?

A

The frozen water portion of Earth’s system. Ice

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4
Q

What does Atmosphere consist of?

A

The envelope of gases surrounding the Earth. Vapor.

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5
Q

What does Geosphere consist of?

A

Ground, soil.

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6
Q

What are the geologic time in order from shortest to longest.

A
  1. Eon
  2. Era
  3. Period
  4. Epoch
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7
Q

What is relative dating?

A

The general order of events. Relative dating determines the order of events and the relative age of rocks looking at the position of rocks in the layers.

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8
Q

What is absolute dating

A

The exact age of rock samples. Determines the exact age of rock samples using radioactive materials.

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9
Q

Check over this one. What three things are required for a fossil to be considered an Index Fossil?

A

Abundant, existed for a short period of time, and was widespread

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10
Q

Three pieces of evidence that Wegener gave to support his theory.

A
  1. Same fossil fuels were found across different continents
  2. Mountain ranges that continue across oceans
  3. Glacial striations (scrape marks) that continue across oceans
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11
Q

What is subduction

A

When two plates meet and one slides underneath the other.

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12
Q

Two diverging oceanic plates leads to…? How does it look like?

A

Mid-ocean ridges, seafloor spreading creating new ocean floor.

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13
Q

Two converging continental plates leads to…? How does it look like?

A

Non-volcanic mountain ranges. Plates move opposite ways from each other.

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14
Q

Two converging oceanic plates leads to…? How does it look like?

A

Denser oceanic plates slides underneath the other. Subduction plates melts and becomes volcanic islands with dee ocean trenches.

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15
Q

Two diverging continental plates leads to…? How does it look like?

A

Rift valleys, over time new oceans.

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16
Q

Transform boundary leads to…? How does it look like?

A

Faults, earthquaks

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17
Q

Convergent oceanic and continental plates leads to…? How does it look like?

A

Volcanoes on land and deep ocean trenches.

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18
Q

Hot spots are…?

A

Thin spot in Oceanic crust, where a mantle plume can force its way through. An area in the mantle that is super heated and melts through the crust.

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19
Q

Where is crust created? Where is crust destroyed?

A

Curst is created at subduction zones.

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20
Q

What is density?

A

Density is the substance’s mass per unit of volume. How much stuff there is in a space.

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21
Q

What are clouds made of?

A

Liquide H2O

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22
Q

What is condensation?

A

Gas to liquid (or solid)

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23
Q

What is evaporation

A

Liquid to gas

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24
Q

What is precipitation

A

Liquid (or solid) water falling

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25
Q

What is an isotopes

A

Atoms with the same number of protons, but different number of neutrons

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26
Q

What is older oceanic crust or continental crust?

A

Continental

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27
Q

What is older oceanic crust or continental crust?

A

Continental

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28
Q

What is our ocean made of?

A

Our “ocean” is made up of mostly N2 and O2 instead of H2O

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29
Q

What is the Average atmospheric pressure on Earth

A

14.7 PSI (pounds/square inch)

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30
Q

What is denser cold or warm air? Why?

A

Cold air. Because cold things contract (get smaller) warm things expand. Cold air masses exert higher pressure than warm air masses. Molecules are more tightly packed.

31
Q

What has more pressure, moving air or still air?

A

Still air

32
Q

When the air is humid, what is some of the space normally taken up by?

A

H2O (water vapor)

32
Q

When the air is humid, what is some of the space normally taken up by?

A

H2O (water vapor)

33
Q

What has less mass, humid air or less humid air?

A

Humid air

34
Q

What could hold up more water, warm or cold air? Why?

A

Warm air. Warm air expands, making room for additional water vapor

35
Q

What is Relative Humidity?

A

How much water vapor is in the air compared to how much the air could hold

36
Q

What is dew Point

A

When an air mass is at 100% relative humidity

37
Q

What is Diffusion?

A
38
Q

Which is denser, humid or dry air?

A

Humid air

39
Q

What is an air masses? What are they names based on?

A

An Air Mass is a body (parcel) of air that shares similar characteristics. Named based on their temperature and humidity levels.

40
Q

What is Continental?

A

Dry, found mainly over land

41
Q

Maritime

A

Humid, found mainly over oceans

42
Q

Tropical

A

Warm, found near the equator

43
Q

Polar

A

Cold, found near the poles

44
Q

What are fronts?

A

Fronts are where weather events often happen.

45
Q

What are Warm front?

A

Warm air mass moving towards cool air mass.
Light, but lengthy precipitation events
Warm air is slowly forced upwards

46
Q

What are Cold front

A

Cold air mass moving towards warm air mass.
Forces the warm air up quickly
Leads to short, but intense precipitation events (more dramatic)

47
Q

Global Wind Patterns Are Driven by?

A

Convection Currents
Pressure Differences
The Coriolis Effect

48
Q

What is the Coriolis Effect

A

The Earth rotates counterclockwise
Air masses moving towards the equator are deflected West
Air masses moving away from the equator are deflected East

49
Q

What is the Jetstream?

A

Semi-consistent movement of air
West to East (here in the US)
A polar vortex happens when the jetstream dips below its normal path
Cold weather is much more common above the jet stream and warm weather is found below

50
Q

What are Incoming radiation from the sun? Three things.

A

Short waves.
UV rays
Visible Light.

51
Q

What are Outgoing radiation from Earth? Three things.

A

“Longwave”
infrared radiation (IR)
heat

52
Q

Three examples of fossil fuels?

A

Coal, petroleum, natural gas.

53
Q

Three examples of fossil fuels?

A

Coal, petroleum, natural gas.

54
Q

How is coal made. Three things

A

Dead plant matter decays into peat. Over a long time, because of heat and pressure coal is formed

55
Q

What is peat?

A

soil that is very high in decaying organic matter, normally found in acidic, wet environments

56
Q

How are petroleum & natural gas formed?

A

Made from large quantities of dead oceanic organisms (Zooplankton & algae) are subjected to million years of heat and pressure

57
Q

Four layers of the earth?
Red:
Dark Orange:
Orange:
Yellow:

A

Curst
Mantle
Outer core
Inner core

58
Q

what could a Condensation Nuclei be?

A

dust, pollen

59
Q

What happens at a cold front?

A

a front that forms when cold air moves under warm air which is less dense and pushes air up (produces thunderstorms, heavy rain or snow

60
Q

Principle of cross-cutting relationships means….?

A

States that such features are younger than all of the layers they cut through - helps to determine relative age.

61
Q

What is the mantle made of?

A

Magma

62
Q

What does the Principle of Original Horizontality state?

A

The sediment is deposited horizontally or in flat rows and over time the sediment is compacted to form sedimentary rock

63
Q

Weather is what?

A

Atmospheric conditions over a short period of time.

64
Q

What is air mass?

A

A large body of air that has similar temperature, humidity and air pressure

65
Q

Is air pressure more dense higher in the atmosphere?

A

No

66
Q

The law of superposition says…?

A

The oldest fossils are found near the bottom of the rock layers.

67
Q

Law of continuity

A

Areas with identical rock layers and fossils were once joined together.

68
Q

What is wind?

A

The movement of air caused by air pressure

69
Q

As altitude increases air pressure….increase /decrease?

A

Decrease

70
Q

Law of continuity

A

The geologic principle that states that in horizontal layers of sedimentary rock, each layer is older than the layer above it and younger than the layer below it.

71
Q

What are warm fornt?

A

A front where warm air moves over cold air and brings drizzly rain and then are followed by warm and clear weather

72
Q

Climate is?

A

The pattern of atmospheric conditions over a longer period of time

Honors Earth, Space, Env Science (1 decks)

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