Mideterm test

Question 1

What does Hydrosphere consist of?

Answer 1

Hydrosphere - The water in Earth’s system

Question 2

What does Biosphere consist of?

Answer 2

The regions of the Earth occupied by living organisms. Living things.

Question 3

What does Cryosphere consist of?

Answer 3

The frozen water portion of Earth’s system. Ice

Question 4

What does Atmosphere consist of?

Answer 4

The envelope of gases surrounding the Earth. Vapor.

Question 5

What does Geosphere consist of?

Answer 5

Ground, soil.

Question 6

What are the geologic time in order from shortest to longest.

Answer 6

1. Eon
2. Era
3. Period
4. Epoch

Question 7

What is relative dating?

Answer 7

The general order of events. Relative dating determines the order of events and the relative age of rocks looking at the position of rocks in the layers.

Question 8

What is absolute dating

Answer 8

The exact age of rock samples. Determines the exact age of rock samples using radioactive materials.

Question 9

Check over this one. What three things are required for a fossil to be considered an Index Fossil?

Answer 9

Abundant, existed for a short period of time, and was widespread

Question 10

Three pieces of evidence that Wegener gave to support his theory.

Answer 10

1. Same fossil fuels were found across different continents
2. Mountain ranges that continue across oceans
3. Glacial striations (scrape marks) that continue across oceans

Question 11

What is subduction

Answer 11

When two plates meet and one slides underneath the other.

Question 12

Two diverging oceanic plates leads to…? How does it look like?

Answer 12

Mid-ocean ridges, seafloor spreading creating new ocean floor.

Question 13

Two converging continental plates leads to…? How does it look like?

Answer 13

Non-volcanic mountain ranges. Plates move opposite ways from each other.

Question 14

Two converging oceanic plates leads to…? How does it look like?

Answer 14

Denser oceanic plates slides underneath the other. Subduction plates melts and becomes volcanic islands with dee ocean trenches.

Question 15

Two diverging continental plates leads to…? How does it look like?

Answer 15

Rift valleys, over time new oceans.

Question 16

Transform boundary leads to…? How does it look like?

Answer 16

Faults, earthquaks

Question 17

Convergent oceanic and continental plates leads to…? How does it look like?

Answer 17

Volcanoes on land and deep ocean trenches.

Question 18

Hot spots are…?

Answer 18

Thin spot in Oceanic crust, where a mantle plume can force its way through. An area in the mantle that is super heated and melts through the crust.

Question 19

Where is crust created? Where is crust destroyed?

Answer 19

Curst is created at subduction zones.

Question 20

What is density?

Answer 20

Density is the substance’s mass per unit of volume. How much stuff there is in a space.

Question 21

What are clouds made of?

Answer 21

Liquide H2O

Question 22

What is condensation?

Answer 22

Gas to liquid (or solid)

Question 23

What is evaporation

Answer 23

Liquid to gas

Question 24

What is precipitation

Answer 24

Liquid (or solid) water falling

Question 25

What is an isotopes

Answer 25

Atoms with the same number of protons, but different number of neutrons

Question 26

What is older oceanic crust or continental crust?

Answer 26

Continental

Question 27

What is older oceanic crust or continental crust?

Answer 27

Continental

Question 28

What is our ocean made of?

Answer 28

Our “ocean” is made up of mostly N2 and O2 instead of H2O

Question 29

What is the Average atmospheric pressure on Earth

Answer 29

14.7 PSI (pounds/square inch)

Question 30

What is denser cold or warm air? Why?

Answer 30

Cold air. Because cold things contract (get smaller) warm things expand. Cold air masses exert higher pressure than warm air masses. Molecules are more tightly packed.

Question 31

What has more pressure, moving air or still air?

Answer 31

Still air

Question 32

When the air is humid, what is some of the space normally taken up by?

Answer 32

H2O (water vapor)

Question 32

When the air is humid, what is some of the space normally taken up by?

Answer 32

H2O (water vapor)

Question 33

What has less mass, humid air or less humid air?

Answer 33

Humid air

Question 34

What could hold up more water, warm or cold air? Why?

Answer 34

Warm air. Warm air expands, making room for additional water vapor

Question 35

What is Relative Humidity?

Answer 35

How much water vapor is in the air compared to how much the air could hold

Question 36

What is dew Point

Answer 36

When an air mass is at 100% relative humidity

Question 37

What is Diffusion?

Question 38

Which is denser, humid or dry air?

Answer 38

Humid air

Question 39

What is an air masses? What are they names based on?

Answer 39

An Air Mass is a body (parcel) of air that shares similar characteristics. Named based on their temperature and humidity levels.

Question 40

What is Continental?

Answer 40

Dry, found mainly over land

Question 41

Maritime

Answer 41

Humid, found mainly over oceans

Question 42

Tropical

Answer 42

Warm, found near the equator

Question 43

Polar

Answer 43

Cold, found near the poles

Question 44

What are fronts?

Answer 44

Fronts are where weather events often happen.

Question 45

What are Warm front?

Answer 45

Warm air mass moving towards cool air mass. Light, but lengthy precipitation events Warm air is slowly forced upwards

Question 46

What are Cold front

Answer 46

Cold air mass moving towards warm air mass. Forces the warm air up quickly Leads to short, but intense precipitation events (more dramatic)

Question 47

Global Wind Patterns Are Driven by?

Answer 47

Convection Currents Pressure Differences The Coriolis Effect

Question 48

What is the Coriolis Effect

Answer 48

The Earth rotates counterclockwise Air masses moving towards the equator are deflected West Air masses moving away from the equator are deflected East

Question 49

What is the Jetstream?

Answer 49

Semi-consistent movement of air West to East (here in the US) A polar vortex happens when the jetstream dips below its normal path Cold weather is much more common above the jet stream and warm weather is found below

Question 50

What are Incoming radiation from the sun? Three things.

Answer 50

Short waves. UV rays Visible Light.

Question 51

What are Outgoing radiation from Earth? Three things.

Answer 51

“Longwave” infrared radiation (IR) heat

Question 52

Three examples of fossil fuels?

Answer 52

Coal, petroleum, natural gas.

Question 53

Three examples of fossil fuels?

Answer 53

Coal, petroleum, natural gas.

Question 54

How is coal made. Three things

Answer 54

Dead plant matter decays into peat. Over a long time, because of heat and pressure coal is formed

Question 55

What is peat?

Answer 55

soil that is very high in decaying organic matter, normally found in acidic, wet environments

Question 56

How are petroleum & natural gas formed?

Answer 56

Made from large quantities of dead oceanic organisms (Zooplankton & algae) are subjected to million years of heat and pressure

Question 57

Four layers of the earth? Red: Dark Orange: Orange: Yellow:

Answer 57

Curst Mantle Outer core Inner core

Question 58

what could a Condensation Nuclei be?

Answer 58

dust, pollen

Question 59

What happens at a cold front?

Answer 59

a front that forms when cold air moves under warm air which is less dense and pushes air up (produces thunderstorms, heavy rain or snow

Question 60

Principle of cross-cutting relationships means....?

Answer 60

States that such features are younger than all of the layers they cut through - helps to determine relative age.

Question 61

What is the mantle made of?

Answer 61

Magma

Question 62

What does the Principle of Original Horizontality state?

Answer 62

The sediment is deposited horizontally or in flat rows and over time the sediment is compacted to form sedimentary rock

Question 63

Weather is what?

Answer 63

Atmospheric conditions over a short period of time.

Question 64

What is air mass?

Answer 64

A large body of air that has similar temperature, humidity and air pressure

Question 65

Is air pressure more dense higher in the atmosphere?

Answer 65

No

Question 66

The law of superposition says...?

Answer 66

The oldest fossils are found near the bottom of the rock layers.

Question 67

Law of continuity

Answer 67

Areas with identical rock layers and fossils were once joined together.

Question 68

What is wind?

Answer 68

The movement of air caused by air pressure

Question 69

As altitude increases air pressure....increase /decrease?

Answer 69

Decrease

Question 70

Law of continuity

Answer 70

The geologic principle that states that in horizontal layers of sedimentary rock, each layer is older than the layer above it and younger than the layer below it.

Question 71

What are warm fornt?

Answer 71

A front where warm air moves over cold air and brings drizzly rain and then are followed by warm and clear weather

Question 72

Climate is?

Answer 72

The pattern of atmospheric conditions over a longer period of time