Midgut

Question 1

what is meant by the midgut

Answer 1

from half way along the duodenum
jejunum
ileum
caecum
appendix
ascending colon 
to 2/3rds of the way across the transverse colon

Question 2

blood to the midgut is from where

Answer 2

superior mesenteric artery - L1 on aorta

Question 3

what suspends the jejenum and ileum to the body wall

Answer 3

the mesentery

Question 4

the small intestine is how long

Answer 4

6m

Question 5

where does the jejenum begin

Answer 5

at the duodeno-jejunal junction (proximal 2/5ths)

Question 6

where does the ileum start and end

Answer 6

jejenum to ileocaecal junction (distal 3/5ths)

Question 7

what is the appearance of the jejenum

Answer 7

upper, red

Question 8

what is the appearance of the ileum

Answer 8

lower, pale

Question 9

describe the wall of the jejenum

Answer 9

thicker, more plicae circularis

Question 10

describe the wall of the ileum

Answer 10

thinner, less plicae

Question 11

which is narrower of the jejenum and ileum

Answer 11

jejenum is wider

Question 12

describe the mesenteric vessels of the jejenum

Answer 12

1 or 2 arcades, long branches to wall

Question 13

describe the mesenteric vessels of the ileum

Answer 13

numerous short branches from 3 or 4 arcades

Question 14

describe the adipose tissue of the jejenum

Answer 14

most near root of mesentery

Question 15

describe the adipose tissue of ileum

Answer 15

all through mesentery

Question 16

describe the lymphoid tissue of the jejenum

Answer 16

small amount

Question 17

describe the lymphoid tissue of the ileum

Answer 17

numerous Peyer’s patches

Question 18

what is the arterial supply of the jejenum and ileum

Answer 18

from jejenul and ileal branches of the superior mesenteric artery - anastomose to form arcades (branches from left side and run in mesentery)

Question 19

what is the arterial supply of the distal ileum

Answer 19

ileocolic branch of superior mesenteric artery

Question 20

where does blood from jejenum and ileum drain

Answer 20

superior mesenteric vein via ileocolic, ileal and jejenal veins

Question 21

lymph from the jejenum and ileum drains where

Answer 21

local nodes then pre-aortic nodes at root of superior mesenteric artery at L1

Question 22

autonomic nerve supply of jejenum and ileum from where

Answer 22

superior mesenteric plexus

Question 23

pain from jejenum and ileum referred where

Answer 23

umbilical region

Question 24

what is the function of the mesentery

Answer 24

attaches the jejenum and ileum to the body wall and allows passage of blood vessels, nerves and lymph but also allows the intestines to move within the abdominal cavity during digestion

Question 25

what are the sacculations of the large intestine wall called

Answer 25

haustra

Question 26

what are the fatty tags of the large intestine called

Answer 26

appendices epiploicae

Question 27

are there fatty tags on the small intestine

Answer 27

no

Question 28

what is the function of the appendices epiploicae

Answer 28

fat store - range in size from person to person

Question 29

what is the teniae coli

Answer 29

longitudinal muscle collected into 3 bands on the large intestine

Question 30

give 3 differences in wall of small and large intestine

Answer 30

small has no fatty tags//large does wall of small looks smooth // large has haustra small is a continuous layer of smooth muscle // large has teniae coli

Question 31

function of the large intestine

Answer 31

absorb water and electrolytes | store undigested material until expelled from body

Question 32

where is the caecum found

Answer 32

lies at the base of the ascending colon and sits in right iliac fossa

Question 33

where does the ileum open into the caecum

Answer 33

at the ileocaecal valve

Question 34

caecum is covered in

Answer 34

peritoneum

Question 35

describe the ileocaecal valve

Answer 35

2 folds in opening of ileum - circular muscle of wall of ileum is a more effective sphincter

Question 36

what are the relations of the caecum

Answer 36

small intestine psoas iliacus

Question 37

what is the arterial supply of the caecum

Answer 37

caecal arteries from ileocolic artery: the terminal brnach of superior mesenteric artery

Question 38

venous drainage of caecum

Answer 38

ileocolic vein to superior mesenteric vein

Question 39

lymph drainage of caecum

Answer 39

to mesenteric then superior mesenteric nodes (L1)

Question 40

autonomic nerves of caecum from

Answer 40

superior mesenteric plexus

Question 41

the tip of the appendix is most often found

Answer 41

posterior to the caecum

Question 42

where is the appendix found

Answer 42

1/3 along line from ASIS to umbilicus

Question 43

does the appendix have a mesentery

Answer 43

yes small mesoappendix mesentery

Question 44

what are 2 functions of appendix

Answer 44

small bacterial store | contain lymph tissue

Question 45

what is the arterial supply of the appendix

Answer 45

small appendicular artery (branch of ileocolic) runs in mesoappendix

Question 46

the appendicular artery is a branch of what

Answer 46

ileocolic artery

Question 47

what is the venous drainage of the appendix

Answer 47

small vein that drains into the posterior caecal vein

Question 48

pain from appendix is referred where

Answer 48

umbilicus (T10)

Question 49

lymph drainage of appendix

Answer 49

to mesenteric then superior mesenteric nodes (L1)

Question 50

autonomic nerves of appendix

Answer 50

superior mesenteric plexus

Question 51

how long is the ascending colon and where does it go between

Answer 51

15cm long from caecum to transverse colon

Question 52

the ascending colon is ____peritoneal

Answer 52

retroperitoneal

Question 53

what is the point where the ascending colon turns and becomes the transverse colon

Answer 53

hepatic flexure

Question 54

what supplies the ascending colon

Answer 54

ileocolic and right colic arteries (branches of superior mesenteric artery)

Question 55

what are the relations of the ascending colon

Answer 55

``` small intestine greater omentum iliacus iliac crest quadratus lumborum right kidney ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerves ```

Question 56

venous drainage of ascending colon

Answer 56

ileocolic and right colic veins to superior mesenteric vein

Question 57

lymph drainage of the ascending colon

Answer 57

superior mesenteric nodes - pre-aortic L1

Question 58

nerves of ascending colon

Answer 58

ANS from superior mesenteric plexus

Question 59

where does the transverse colon pass between

Answer 59

right colic (hepatic) and left colic (splenic) flexures

Question 60

what is the name of the mesentery by which the transverse colon is suspended

Answer 60

transverse mesocolon

Question 61

what are the relations of the transverse colon

Answer 61

greater omentum pancreas small intestine

Question 62

what is the blood supply of the proximal 2/3 of the transverse colon

Answer 62

from middle colic artery from superior mesenteric

Question 63

what is the blood supply of the distal 1/3 of transverse colon

Answer 63

left colic artery from inferior mesenteric artery

Question 64

blood from transverse colon drains where

Answer 64

superior and inferior mesenteric veins

Question 65

lymph from transverse colon drains where

Answer 65

proximal 2/3: pre-aortic nodes at L1 | distal 1/3: pre-aortic nodes at L3

Question 66

ANS of transverse colon

Answer 66

from superior and inferior mesenteric plexuses

Question 67

what is the parasympathetic supply of the transverse colon

Answer 67

vagus nerve supplies the proximal 2/3 | pelvic splanchnic nerves supply the distal 1/3

Question 68

describe the arterial arcade that supplies the transverse colon

Answer 68

marginal artery that anastomoses between the right, middle and left colic arteries