Midter

Question 1

Nativists believe?

Answer 1

evolutionary-based, inherent specialized capabilities present in early infancy

Question 2

Empiricists believe?

Answer 2

infants posses general learning mechanisms.

Question 3

Blank Slate Theory?

Answer 3

Locke. Character was paramount to instil in children.

Question 4

What were Kagan’s 5 abilities?

Answer 4

Theory of mind
application of good and bad to self analysis
to reflect on past actions
understanding negative consequences
Understanding motives, own/others

Question 5

Genome contains proteins that…..

Answer 5

turn genes on and off

Question 6

What is methylation

Answer 6

the biochemical processes that reduces the expression of a variety of genes

Question 7

Explain Piaget’s Basic Theory

Answer 7

Development is discontinuous and stepped.

Question 8

Which areas of the brain show an increase in activity when controlling thoughts and emotions?

Answer 8

The limbic area
The anterior cingulate
the PFC

Question 9

the hippocampus and the cortex do what simultaneously?

Answer 9

Encode new info during learning

Question 10

The hippocampus can learn details after..

Answer 10

one to two experiences

Question 11

The cortex does what with reps of experiences?

Answer 11

Produces abstractations.

Question 12

What makes up the socio-cultural context influences in dev?

Answer 12

Physical and social environments , cultural, economical, and historical

Question 13

Name 3 issues that children from poor families have in dev

Answer 13

less success
smaller brain surface area (age 20)
more emotional issues
lower IQ
more likely to drop out
teen pregnancy

Question 14

What are 3 preventative factors against the negative effects of poverty?

Answer 14

Positive personality
close relationship with at least parent
close relationship with a non parent

Question 15

What 4 factors did Scarr propose as affecting outcomes for children?

Answer 15

Genetic/Epigentic
Treatment by parents
reactions to experiences
different choices in environments

Question 16

What are Piaget’s 4 Stages?

Answer 16

Sensimotor
Pre-operational
Concrete Operational
Formal Operational

Question 17

What is Active Systems Consolidation Theory?

Answer 17

Two brain regions learning at the same time. Hippo and Cortex

Question 18

What separates language from communication?

3 parts

Answer 18

Arbitrariness- reasoning behind word and what is reps
Generativity - one sentence can have very different meanings
Displacement - discussing abstract times place things

Question 19

Phoeneme

Answer 19

Smallest sound in a language

Question 20

Morphemes

Answer 20

Smallest unit of meaning

Question 21

Semantics

Answer 21

The meaning of words and sentenaces

Question 22

Syntax

Answer 22

Grammar of a language

Question 23

Pragmatics

Answer 23

How we use language in social settings

Question 24

Metalinguistic knowledge

Answer 24

the ability to reflect on language rules and use

Question 25

Holophrases

Answer 25

one word that reps a whole phrase (ball means, mommy give me the ball)

Question 26

Overextension

Answer 26

over-using a learned concept like all round shapes are balls

Question 27

Underextension

Answer 27

egocentric use of a word (only my cup is a cup)

Question 28

Fast Mapping

Answer 28

learning a words quickly, only a few reps

Question 29

The degree to which independent measurements of a behaviour under study are consistent is referred to as 

Answer 29

Reliability

Question 30

The ________ of a test or experiment refers to the degree to which it measures what it is intended to measure.

Answer 30

Validity

Question 31

 _________ refers to whether effects observed within experiments can be attributed with confidence to the factor that the researcher is testing

Answer 31

 Internal validity

Question 32

refers to the ability to generalize research findings beyond the particulars of the research in question.

Answer 32

External validity

Question 33

What are 3 ways researchers get info from kids

Answer 33

Interviews Questionnaires Clinical Interviews

Question 34

Correlation

Answer 34

whether children who differ in one variable might also differ in a predictable way in other variables.

Question 35

How are gametes produced?

Answer 35

By meiosis.

Question 36

What is meiois?

Answer 36

A form of cell division in which the eggs and sperm get only 1 member from each of the 23 chromosomes i pairs.

Question 37

How many sperm out of 200 get to the egg?

Answer 37

1

Question 38

What is a fertilized egg called?

Answer 38

Zygote

Question 39

What are the 4 major processes in fetal development?

Answer 39

Mitosis (cell division) Cell Migration Cell Differentiation Cell suicide (apoptosis)

Question 40

The presence of what hormone type differentiates between female and male fetuses?

Answer 40

Androgens

Question 41

What happens at 1 week post-fertilization?

Answer 41

Attachment to uterine wall

Question 42

What does a the fetus form between 3-8 week?

Answer 42

Primitive organs and early brain foundation

Question 43

When does a fetus form it's heart?

Answer 43

4 weeks

Question 44

When does a fetus form webbed hands and feet?

Answer 44

7 weeks

Question 45

What is the bulge of cells in the zygote called?

Answer 45

Inner cell mass

Question 46

What does the inner cells mass become?

Answer 46

Embryo

Question 47

What does the inner cell mass do at week 3?

Answer 47

Folds in to 3 layers

Question 48

What are the results of the inner cell mass folding?

Answer 48

Top layer is Nervous System, inner ear, lens of the eye Middle is muscleoskeletal system and internal organs Bottom is digestive, lungs, urinary tract and glands

Question 49

What is the neural tube and how does it form?

Answer 49

The neural tube is the building blocks of the brain and the spinal cord> It forms by the formation of a u shaped groove in the top layer of the inner cell mass

Question 50

When facial features like the nose and mouth start to form?

Answer 50

5.5 weeks

Question 51

By 9 weeks, what should the fetus have?

Answer 51

Ears, eyes, organs, ribs, fingers, toes, nails

Question 52

At 28 weeks, a fetus can

Answer 52

support itself outside the womb (brain and lungs)

Question 53

Fetal movement begins at ?

Answer 53

5 to 6 weeks

Question 54

Fetal sex differences show at?

Answer 54

7-8 weeks

Question 55

How many pregnancies end in miscarriage in NA?

Answer 55

6 to 15 %

Question 56

What is a teratogen?

Answer 56

any agent that can cause change in the dev process,

Question 57

teratogens usually do not effect the zygote prior to?

Answer 57

Implantation in the uterine wall.

Question 58

Every major organ undergoes major dev during? (teratogen sensitive period)

Answer 58

3 to 9 weeks.

Question 59

What is the leading cause of fetal brain injury?

Answer 59

Alchohol.

Question 60

How many encoding genes do humans have?

Answer 60

approx 20-21k

Question 61

What is a genotype?

Answer 61

Inherited Genetic Material

Question 62

What is a phenotype?

Answer 62

The observable expression of the genotype, body and behaviour.

Question 63

Environment? (in relation to genetics)

Answer 63

The collection of all aspects of an individuals surroundings in their life, including prenatal exposure.

Question 64

What is DNA?

Answer 64

deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 65

Chromosomes are contained in?

Answer 65

The nucleus of every cell

Question 66

Females have what chromosomes?

Answer 66

Two identical, largish X

Question 67

Males have what chromosomes?

Answer 67

One X and one much smaller Y

Question 68

What determines sex of an fetus?

Answer 68

The father's sperm type

Question 69

What are endophenotypes?

Answer 69

Intermediates phenotypes that mediate the pathways between genes and behaviour.

Question 70

Genes are switched on and off by?

Answer 70

Regulator Genes

Question 71

Define meiosis

Answer 71

a type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that reduces the number of chromosomes in gametes