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TERM 1 N1160 SKILLS 1 > Midterm 1 > Flashcards

Midterm 1 Flashcards

(89 cards)

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1
Q

What is the term for procedures used to reduce and prevent spread of microorganisms?

A

Medical asepsis / clean technique

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2
Q

Name 6 links in the chain of infection

A
  1. Infectious agent 2. Reservoirs 3. Portal of exit 4. Means of transmission 5. Portal of entry 6. Susceptible host
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3
Q

Name 3 examples of reservoirs

A
  1. People 2. Equipment 3. Water
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4
Q

Name 5 conditions that make a host susceptible

A
  1. Immunosuppression 2. Diabetes 3. Surgery 4. Burns 5. Elderly
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5
Q

How do we break the link of the infectious agent?

A

Rapid accurate identification of organisms

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6
Q

What are 3 ways to break the chain of reservoirs?

A
  1. Employee health 2. Environmental sanitation 3. Disinfection/sterilization
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7
Q

What are 2 ways to break the chain of portal of exit?

A
  1. Control of bodily fluids (e.g. excretions and secretions) 2. Cover sneeze/cough
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8
Q

What are 5 ways to break the chain of means of transmission?

A
  1. Hand washing 2. Sanitation 3. Sterilization 4. Isolation 5. Air flow control
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9
Q

What are 4 ways to break the chain of portal of entry?

A
  1. Aseptic technique 2. Maintain skin integrity 3. Catheter care 4. Wound care
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10
Q

What are 3 ways to break the chain of susceptible host?

A
  1. Recognition of high risk patients 2. Treatment of underlying disease 3. Encourage healing processes
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11
Q

Name 5 major modes of microorganism transmission

A
  1. Contact 2. Droplet 3. Airborne 4. Vehicle 5. Vector
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12
Q

Name 5 of the body’s normal defense mechanisms against infection

A
  1. Skin 2. Fluids 3. Cilia 4. Flora 5. Inflammatory response
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13
Q

What kind of substances cause fever?

A

Pyrogens

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14
Q

What is the difference between disinfection and sterilization?

A

Sterilization destroys all pathogens including spores.

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15
Q

What are 2 components of body balance?

A
  1. Centre of gravity 2. Base of support
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16
Q

What is the term for the difference between heat produced by the body and heat lost to the environment?

A

Body temperature

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17
Q

What is the term for the temperature of structures deep within the body?

A

Core temperature

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18
Q

What is the term for the balance of temperature via physiological mechanisms?

A

Thermoregulation

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19
Q

Name some physiological mechanisms for body heat loss (4)

A
  1. Sweating 2. Vasodilation 3. Inhibition of heat production 4. Blood sent to surface of body
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20
Q

Name some physiological mechanisms for body heat conservation (3)

A
  1. Vasoconstriction 2. Voluntary muscle contraction 3. Shivering
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21
Q

What process creates heat as a by product?

A

Metabolism

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22
Q

Name 5 ways heat is lost

A
  1. Radiation 2. Conduction 3. Convection 4. Evaporation 5. Diaphoresis
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23
Q

What are some factors that affect a person’s ability to detect temperature changes and voluntarily control their own body temperature?

A
  1. Degree of temperature extreme 2. Sensation 3. Cognitive ability 4. Physical ability
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24
Q

What is the term for the amount of blood entering the aorta with each ventricular contraction?

A

Stroke volume

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25
What is the term for the volume of blood pumped by the heart in 1 minute?
Cardiac output
26
What is the term for the exchange of gases between the atmosphere, blood, and cells?
Respiration
27
What is the term for the movement of gases in and out of the lungs?
Ventilation
28
What is the term for the movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and red blood cells?
Diffusion
29
What is the term for the distribution of red blood cells to and from pulmonary capillaries?
Perfusion
30
What is the term for the amount of air inhaled in a normal breath?
Tidal volume
31
What is the normal temperature range for an adult?
36-38 degrees
32
What is the normal pulse rate for an adult?
60-100 bpm
33
What is the normal respiratory rate for an adult?
10-20 breaths/min
34
How is pulse pressure calculated?
Systolic minus diastolic
35
If a patient's heart rate rises without heart contractility or blood volume rising, what will happen to the blood pressure?
Decrease
36
If a patient's blood vessel elasticity is low, what would be the expected effect on blood pressure?
Increase
37
What are the 3 terms used to describe respiration depth?
Shallow, normal, and deep
38
What colour tip should be attached for taking an oral or axillary temperature?
Blue
39
What colour tip should be attached for taking a rectal temperature?
Red
40
What directions is the pinna pulled while taking an tympanic temperature?
Back, up, and out
41
What 3 places is the probe swept while taking a temporal temperature?
Center of forehead, into hairline, on neck behind ear
42
Where is the temporal pulse located?
Temple
43
Where is the facial pulse located?
Jaw
44
Where is the carotid pulse located?
Neck
45
Where is the brachial pulse located?
Antecubital space
46
Where is the radial pulse located?
Wrist
47
Where is the femoral pulse located?
Upper thigh/groin
48
Where is the popliteal pulse located?
Behind knee
49
Where is the posterial tibial pulse located?
Inner ankle
50
Where is the pedal pulse located?
Top of foot
51
What direction should the patient's palm be when taking a radial pulse?
Down
52
Name the 5 stages of infection
1. Incubation 2. Prodromal 3. Illness 4. Decline 5. Convalescence
53
What is the term for the stage of infection after incubation and before symptoms occur?
Prodromal
54
What is the term for the stage of infection where the immune system mounts a successful defense against the pathogen, but the patient is still at risk for secondary infection?
Decline
55
What is the term for hospital and community acquired infections?
Nosocomial
56
What is the difference between endogenous and exogenous infections?
Endogenous: the person becomes infected by their own body's bacteria Exogenous: the person becomes infected by bacteria from the environment
57
What percentage of muscle strength is lost per day in a patient on bed rest?
3%
58
Raising the arm to the side and overhead with palms facing out is called what?
Shoulder abduction
59
Lowering the arm sideways and across the body is called what?
Shoulder adduction
60
Moving the arm with elbow flexed until the thumb is pointing down is called what?
Shoulder internal rotation
61
Moving the arm with elbow flexed until thumb points up is called what?
Shoulder external rotation
62
Touching the thumb to each finger is called what?
Opposition
63
Name the 5 steps of the Langara DMF
1. Coming to know 2. Salience 3. Pattern recognition 4. Healing initiatives 5. Reflection praxis
64
Name 6 components of cultural competency and cultural safety
1. Postcolonialism 2. Communication 3. Inclusivity 4. Respect 5. Indigenous knowledge 6. Mentoring and supporting students
65
What is the term for determining what is most important in a situation?
Salience
66
What are the components of a mind map outline? (4)
1. Health challenge 2. Signs/symptoms 3. Non-pharmacological treatments 4. Nursing considerations
67
What is the most important outcome of a nursing healing initiative?
Patient empowerment
68
What is the term for the inability to dorsiflex or evert the foot due to peroneal nerve damage?
Foot drop
69
Define ankyl(o)
crooked, curved
70
Define brachy-
short
71
Define iatr(o)
doctor
72
Define mening(o)
membranes
73
Define myel(o)
marrow
74
Define -opsy
examination
75
Define -penia
deficiency
76
Define pharyng(o)
throat
77
Define presby-
elder
78
Define proct(o)
anus
79
Define pyel(o)
renal pelvis
80
Define rachi(o)
spine
81
Define rhe-
flow
82
Define spondyl(o)
vertebra
83
Define sten(o)
Narrow
84
Define gtt
drop
85
Define NAS
intranasal
86
Define GT
gastrostomy tube
87
What is a normal range for systolic blood pressure?
120-139 mmHg
88
What is the normal range for diastolic blood pressure?
80-89 mmHg
89
What is the normal range for pulse pressure?
30-50 mmHg

TERM 1 N1160 SKILLS 1 (2 decks)

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