Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NSCI 311 > Midterm 1 > Flashcards

Midterm 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what does the notochord do

A

gives axis of body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

neural plate

A

forms neural groove

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

neural groove

A

forms neural tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

neural tube

A

forms CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

3 componentns of neural crest

A
  1. spinal ganglion
  2. sympathetic gnaglion
  3. melanocytes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

which regions of the spinal cord have more grey matter

A

cervical & lumbar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

which area of the spinal cord is the versceral sympathetic system in

A

T1-L2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

which area of the spinal cord is visceral parasympathetic system in

A

sacral & cervical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

spaces in the spinal cord

A

epidural & subarachnoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

where is the epidural

A

between dura and vertabrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

where is the subarachnoid

A

between the arachnoid and pia matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

horizantal spinal cord stability

A

denticulate ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

vertical spinal cord stability

A

filum terminales

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what stabilized the spinal cord

A

pilal outgrowht (deticulate ligament & filum terminales)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

4 white matter spinal cord tracts

A
  1. Posterior Column: Medial Lemniscus Pathway (PCML)
  2. Spinocerebellar Tract’
  3. Corticospinal Tract
  4. Spinalthalamic tract
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Function of PCLM

A

discriminative touch, pressure, vibration, conscious proprioreception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

which pathway is the fasiculus gracilis and fasiculus cuneatus pat of

A

PCLM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

where did the PCLM synapse

A

VPL of halamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

where did the PCLM tract cross the midline

A

internal arcuate fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what was the fasiculus gracilis responsible for

A

sensory, ipsilateral lower limb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what was the fasiculus cuneatus responsble for

A

sensory, ipsilater upper limb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what was the spinocerebellar tract for

A

unconscious proprioreception to cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Two tracts that make the lateral corticopspinal tract & each tract’s function

A
  1. Lateral corticospinal tract - voluntary skilled movement of extremities
  2. Anterior corticospinal tract - postural adjustment (voluntary)h
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

where does the lateral corticospinal tract cross the midline

A

decussation of pyramids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

where does the Anterior corticospinal tract cross the midline

A

bilateral innervation, cross at spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Where does the corticospinal tract start

A

internal capsule of motor cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what kind of innervations are the 2 corticospinal tracts

A

lateral - contralateral
anterior - bilateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

spinothalamic tract function

A

pain and temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

where does the spinothalamic tract cross the midline

A

anterior white commisure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

spinothalamic tract spinal cord pathway

A

spinal ganglion –> lissauer’s tract -> posterior horn (synpase) -> anterior white commisure -> spinothalamic tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

where does the spinothalamic tract terminate

A

VPL or thalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

somatotopic organisation

A

cortex -> internal capsule -> spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

3 Motor Tracts from Brainstem + their function

A
  1. Vestibulospinal tract - balance, posture, muscle tone
  2. Tectospinal tract - direct eyes to object of interest
  3. Reticulospinal tract: ‘readiness’ of muscle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

innervations of vestibulospinal tract

A

bilateral to neck muscles
ipsilateral excitatory to extensors,
ipsilateral inhibitory to flexors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

what area of the brain maps the environment (visual proprioreception)

A

superior colliculus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

what brain area is important in the tectospinal tract

A

superior colliculus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

is the tectospinal tract bilateral or contralateral

A

contralateral tract

38
Q

what kind of contraction is reticulospinal tract

A

isometric - contracts but no movement

39
Q

what neurons are responsible for the reticulospinal tract

A

gamma motor neurons –> supraspinal control

40
Q

where does sensory reception take place

A

dermis

41
Q

what are the 2 sesnory receptors in the dermis & what do they sense

A
  1. Tactile corpuscule - light touch
  2. lamellated corpuscule - vibration & pressure
42
Q

3 sensory tracts

A
  1. anterolateral - pain
  2. lissauer’s - distribution of pain
  3. proprioreception - joint position, muscle tone
43
Q

5 tracts in the anterolateral system

A
  1. spinothalamic - pain and temp to thalamus
  2. spinomesencephalic: periaqueductal gray
  3. spinioreticular: reticular formation - integrate pain
  4. Spinobulbar: brainstem
  5. Spinohypothalamic: hypothalamus - endocrine response
44
Q

what does Lissauer’s tract tell you about pain

A

not happed in 1:1 dermatome distribution

45
Q

2 areas of the brain involved in proprioreception

A
  1. Cortex -> conscious -> PCML
  2. Cerebllum -> unconscious -> spinalcerebellar
46
Q

where is the posterior thoracic nucleus located

A

C8-L3

47
Q

Proprioreception:
1. Info below L3 -
2. Info above C8

A
  1. travels in fasiculus gracilis to L3
  2. travels in fasiculus cuneatus
48
Q

inferior colliculi vs superior colliculi

A

inferior - auditory
superior - visual

49
Q

Rule of 4

A
  1. 4 midline struutres that begin with M
  2. 4 Strutures to side that begin wiht S
  3. 4 Cranial nerves in midline, 5 CN in pons, 4 above pons, 2 in midbrain
  4. 4 motor nuclei in bidline, divided equally into 12
50
Q

Cranial nerve organisation from Outer to midline

A
  1. SSA
  2. GSA
  3. SVA
  4. GVA
  5. GVE
  6. SVE
  7. GSE
51
Q

GSE

A

skeletal muscles

52
Q

SVE

A

pharyngeal arches

53
Q

GVE

A

parasympathetic

54
Q

GVA

A

visceral sensory

55
Q

SVA

A

taste

56
Q

GSA

A

general sensory

57
Q

SSA

A

hearing & balance

58
Q

Cranial Nerve Nuclei in Cauadal medulla & their corresponding cranial nerve

A

spinal trigeminal nucleus - V, IX, X

59
Q

Cranial Nerve Nuclei in rostral medulla & their corresponding cranial nerve

A

spinal trigeminal nuclues (GSA) - V, IX, X
Doral sagal nucleus (GVE)- X
hypoglossal (GSE) - XII
Solitary nucleus (GVA) - IX, X
Vestibular nuclues (SSA) - VIII

60
Q

Cranial Nerve Nuclei in caudal pons & their corresponding cranial nerve

A

spinal trigeminal nuclues (GSA) - V, IX, X
facial motor nuclues -> SVE - VII
Vestibular nuclues (SSA) - VIII
Abducens nuclues (GSE) - VI

61
Q

Cranial Nerve Nuclei in rostral pons & their corresponding cranial nerve

A

MEsencephalic nucleus (GSA) - V

62
Q

Cranial Nerve Nuclei in caudal midbrain & their corresponding cranial nerve

A

MEsencephalic nucleus (GSA) - V
Trochlear nucleus (GSE) - IV

63
Q

Cranial Nerve Nuclei in rostral midbrain & their corresponding cranial nerve

A

MEsencephalic nucleus (GSA) - V
Edinger-Westphal nucleus (GVE) - III
Oculomotor nucleus (GSE) - III

64
Q

which cranial nerve is for facial sensory

A

V - trigeminal

65
Q

which cranial nerve is for motor facial expression

A

VII - facial nerve

66
Q

where does proprioreception from muscles of mastificatio ngo

A

mesencephalic nucleus of V - Midbrain

67
Q

where does motor to muscles of mastification go

A

motor nucleus of V - Pons

68
Q

where does sensory from face, vibration, discriminative touhc, and proprioreception go

A

chief senosry nueclues of V - pons

69
Q

where does pain and temp sensory from face go

A

spinal trigeniminal nucleus of V - medulla

70
Q

where does motor to muscles of facial expression go

A

facial motor nuclues - caudal ponsw

71
Q

here does parasympathetic to lacrimial gland and salivatory gland below oral fissure go

A

superior salivary nuclues - caudal pons

72
Q

wehre does taste of anterioer 2/3 of tongue go

A

nuclues solitarius - rostral medulla

73
Q

where does snosry near ear go

A

trigeninal senosry nuclei - rostral medulla

74
Q

What innervation is:
UMN to LMN upper face

A

bilateral

75
Q

What innervation is:
UMN to LMN lower face

A

crossed

76
Q

What innervation is:
LMN from facial motor nucleus in caudal pons

A

ipsilateral

77
Q

3 nerves that innervate eyes muscles

A
  1. Oculomoter nerve (III): all extraocular muscles except superioroblique and lateral rectus
  2. Trochlear Nerve (IV): Superior oblique
  3. Abducens Nerve (VI): lateral rectus
78
Q

what is the pathway for gaze

A

ascending medial longtiudinal fasiculus

79
Q

3 types of eye movement

A

saccaides
pursuit movement
vertical gaze

80
Q

5 reflexes of the eye

A

pupillary light reflex
pupil dilator reflex
cornea blink reflex
disconjugate gaze
accomodation

81
Q

2 kinds of saccades

A
  1. reflexive
  2. volitional
82
Q

3 kinds of volitional saccades

A
  1. anti
  2. memory
  3. predictive
83
Q

horizantal vs. vertical gaze

A

horizantal - Pons, CN VI and III
Vertical - midbrain, CN III & IV

84
Q

what is the reflex in the inner ear

A

vestibulo-ocular reflex - adjusts eye movements and stabilizes image on retina in response to head movements

85
Q

What initates pain sensation

A

nociceptors

86
Q

what are the 2 kinds of nociceptors

A

Adelta fibers and C fibers

87
Q

what are A delta fibres for

A

myelinated, localized, sharp first pain

88
Q

what are C fibres for

A

unmyelinated, unlocalized, dull 2nd pain

89
Q

what signals do A delta fibres pick up

A

mechanical and thermal

90
Q

what signals do C fibres pick up

A

mechanical, thermal, and chemical

NSCI 311 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions