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NSCI 311 > Midterm 1 > Flashcards

Midterm 1 Flashcards

(90 cards)

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1
Q

what does the notochord do

A

gives axis of body

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2
Q

neural plate

A

forms neural groove

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3
Q

neural groove

A

forms neural tube

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4
Q

neural tube

A

forms CNS

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5
Q

3 componentns of neural crest

A
  1. spinal ganglion
  2. sympathetic gnaglion
  3. melanocytes
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6
Q

which regions of the spinal cord have more grey matter

A

cervical & lumbar

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7
Q

which area of the spinal cord is the versceral sympathetic system in

A

T1-L2

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8
Q

which area of the spinal cord is visceral parasympathetic system in

A

sacral & cervical

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9
Q

spaces in the spinal cord

A

epidural & subarachnoid

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10
Q

where is the epidural

A

between dura and vertabrae

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11
Q

where is the subarachnoid

A

between the arachnoid and pia matter

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12
Q

horizantal spinal cord stability

A

denticulate ligament

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13
Q

vertical spinal cord stability

A

filum terminales

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14
Q

what stabilized the spinal cord

A

pilal outgrowht (deticulate ligament & filum terminales)

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15
Q

4 white matter spinal cord tracts

A
  1. Posterior Column: Medial Lemniscus Pathway (PCML)
  2. Spinocerebellar Tract’
  3. Corticospinal Tract
  4. Spinalthalamic tract
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16
Q

Function of PCLM

A

discriminative touch, pressure, vibration, conscious proprioreception

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17
Q

which pathway is the fasiculus gracilis and fasiculus cuneatus pat of

A

PCLM

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18
Q

where did the PCLM synapse

A

VPL of halamus

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19
Q

where did the PCLM tract cross the midline

A

internal arcuate fibres

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20
Q

what was the fasiculus gracilis responsible for

A

sensory, ipsilateral lower limb

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21
Q

what was the fasiculus cuneatus responsble for

A

sensory, ipsilater upper limb

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22
Q

what was the spinocerebellar tract for

A

unconscious proprioreception to cerebellum

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23
Q

Two tracts that make the lateral corticopspinal tract & each tract’s function

A
  1. Lateral corticospinal tract - voluntary skilled movement of extremities
  2. Anterior corticospinal tract - postural adjustment (voluntary)h
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24
Q

where does the lateral corticospinal tract cross the midline

A

decussation of pyramids

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25
where does the Anterior corticospinal tract cross the midline
bilateral innervation, cross at spinal cord
26
Where does the corticospinal tract start
internal capsule of motor cortex
27
what kind of innervations are the 2 corticospinal tracts
lateral - contralateral anterior - bilateral
28
spinothalamic tract function
pain and temperature
29
where does the spinothalamic tract cross the midline
anterior white commisure
30
spinothalamic tract spinal cord pathway
spinal ganglion --> lissauer's tract -> posterior horn (synpase) -> anterior white commisure -> spinothalamic tract
31
where does the spinothalamic tract terminate
VPL or thalamus
32
somatotopic organisation
cortex -> internal capsule -> spinal cord
33
3 Motor Tracts from Brainstem + their function
1. Vestibulospinal tract - balance, posture, muscle tone 2. Tectospinal tract - direct eyes to object of interest 3. Reticulospinal tract: 'readiness' of muscle
34
innervations of vestibulospinal tract
bilateral to neck muscles ipsilateral excitatory to extensors, ipsilateral inhibitory to flexors
35
what area of the brain maps the environment (visual proprioreception)
superior colliculus
36
what brain area is important in the tectospinal tract
superior colliculus
37
is the tectospinal tract bilateral or contralateral
contralateral tract
38
what kind of contraction is reticulospinal tract
isometric - contracts but no movement
39
what neurons are responsible for the reticulospinal tract
gamma motor neurons --> supraspinal control
40
where does sensory reception take place
dermis
41
what are the 2 sesnory receptors in the dermis & what do they sense
1. Tactile corpuscule - light touch 2. lamellated corpuscule - vibration & pressure
42
3 sensory tracts
1. anterolateral - pain 2. lissauer's - distribution of pain 3. proprioreception - joint position, muscle tone
43
5 tracts in the anterolateral system
1. spinothalamic - pain and temp to thalamus 2. spinomesencephalic: periaqueductal gray 3. spinioreticular: reticular formation - integrate pain 4. Spinobulbar: brainstem 5. Spinohypothalamic: hypothalamus - endocrine response
44
what does Lissauer's tract tell you about pain
not happed in 1:1 dermatome distribution
45
2 areas of the brain involved in proprioreception
1. Cortex -> conscious -> PCML 2. Cerebllum -> unconscious -> spinalcerebellar
46
where is the posterior thoracic nucleus located
C8-L3
47
Proprioreception: 1. Info below L3 - 2. Info above C8
1. travels in fasiculus gracilis to L3 2. travels in fasiculus cuneatus
48
inferior colliculi vs superior colliculi
inferior - auditory superior - visual
49
Rule of 4
1. 4 midline struutres that begin with M 2. 4 Strutures to side that begin wiht S 3. 4 Cranial nerves in midline, 5 CN in pons, 4 above pons, 2 in midbrain 4. 4 motor nuclei in bidline, divided equally into 12
50
Cranial nerve organisation from Outer to midline
1. SSA 2. GSA 3. SVA 4. GVA 5. GVE 6. SVE 7. GSE
51
GSE
skeletal muscles
52
SVE
pharyngeal arches
53
GVE
parasympathetic
54
GVA
visceral sensory
55
SVA
taste
56
GSA
general sensory
57
SSA
hearing & balance
58
Cranial Nerve Nuclei in Cauadal medulla & their corresponding cranial nerve
spinal trigeminal nucleus - V, IX, X
59
Cranial Nerve Nuclei in rostral medulla & their corresponding cranial nerve
spinal trigeminal nuclues (GSA) - V, IX, X Doral sagal nucleus (GVE)- X hypoglossal (GSE) - XII Solitary nucleus (GVA) - IX, X Vestibular nuclues (SSA) - VIII
60
Cranial Nerve Nuclei in caudal pons & their corresponding cranial nerve
spinal trigeminal nuclues (GSA) - V, IX, X facial motor nuclues -> SVE - VII Vestibular nuclues (SSA) - VIII Abducens nuclues (GSE) - VI
61
Cranial Nerve Nuclei in rostral pons & their corresponding cranial nerve
MEsencephalic nucleus (GSA) - V
62
Cranial Nerve Nuclei in caudal midbrain & their corresponding cranial nerve
MEsencephalic nucleus (GSA) - V Trochlear nucleus (GSE) - IV
63
Cranial Nerve Nuclei in rostral midbrain & their corresponding cranial nerve
MEsencephalic nucleus (GSA) - V Edinger-Westphal nucleus (GVE) - III Oculomotor nucleus (GSE) - III
64
which cranial nerve is for facial sensory
V - trigeminal
65
which cranial nerve is for motor facial expression
VII - facial nerve
66
where does proprioreception from muscles of mastificatio ngo
mesencephalic nucleus of V - Midbrain
67
where does motor to muscles of mastification go
motor nucleus of V - Pons
68
where does sensory from face, vibration, discriminative touhc, and proprioreception go
chief senosry nueclues of V - pons
69
where does pain and temp sensory from face go
spinal trigeniminal nucleus of V - medulla
70
where does motor to muscles of facial expression go
facial motor nuclues - caudal ponsw
71
here does parasympathetic to lacrimial gland and salivatory gland below oral fissure go
superior salivary nuclues - caudal pons
72
wehre does taste of anterioer 2/3 of tongue go
nuclues solitarius - rostral medulla
73
where does snosry near ear go
trigeninal senosry nuclei - rostral medulla
74
What innervation is: UMN to LMN upper face
bilateral
75
What innervation is: UMN to LMN lower face
crossed
76
What innervation is: LMN from facial motor nucleus in caudal pons
ipsilateral
77
3 nerves that innervate eyes muscles
1. Oculomoter nerve (III): all extraocular muscles except superioroblique and lateral rectus 2. Trochlear Nerve (IV): Superior oblique 3. Abducens Nerve (VI): lateral rectus
78
what is the pathway for gaze
ascending medial longtiudinal fasiculus
79
3 types of eye movement
saccaides pursuit movement vertical gaze
80
5 reflexes of the eye
pupillary light reflex pupil dilator reflex cornea blink reflex disconjugate gaze accomodation
81
2 kinds of saccades
1. reflexive 2. volitional
82
3 kinds of volitional saccades
1. anti 2. memory 3. predictive
83
horizantal vs. vertical gaze
horizantal - Pons, CN VI and III Vertical - midbrain, CN III & IV
84
what is the reflex in the inner ear
vestibulo-ocular reflex - adjusts eye movements and stabilizes image on retina in response to head movements
85
What initates pain sensation
nociceptors
86
what are the 2 kinds of nociceptors
Adelta fibers and C fibers
87
what are A delta fibres for
myelinated, localized, sharp first pain
88
what are C fibres for
unmyelinated, unlocalized, dull 2nd pain
89
what signals do A delta fibres pick up
mechanical and thermal
90
what signals do C fibres pick up
mechanical, thermal, and chemical

NSCI 311 (1 decks)

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