midterm 1

Question 1

What is psychology

Answer 1

the study of human behavior and the psychological and cognitive processes beneath it

Question 2

nativism

Answer 2

inborn knowledge

Question 3

empiricism

Answer 3

experiential knowledge

Question 4

major philosophers

Answer 4

Socrates, Plato, Aristotle

Question 5

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer 5

established the first school of psych, structuralism

Question 6

Structuralism

Answer 6

analyze consciousness down to its basic elements and investigate how they’re related

Question 7

introspection

Answer 7

the careful systematic observation of one’s own conscious experiment

Question 8

William James

Answer 8

Functionalism

Question 9

Functionalism

Answer 9

investigate the function of consciousness, rather than structure

Question 10

Functionalism research and methods

Answer 10

mental testing, sex differences, studying how people adapted their behaviour to the world around them

Question 11

John B. Watson

Answer 11

Behaviorism

Question 12

Ivan Pavlov

Answer 12

Behaviourism

Question 13

behaviourism

Answer 13

the idea that psychology should study only observable behavior, nurture side

Question 14

Sigmund Freud

Answer 14

Psychoanalysis, treated people who suffered mental health issues, others include Carl Jung, Alfred Adler

Question 15

Unconscious

Answer 15

Thoughts, memories, and desires that are below conscious awareness abut still influence behaviour

Question 16

Psychoanalysis

Answer 16

people are not masters of their own minds

Question 17

B.F. Skinner

Answer 17

acknowledged internal events but claimed they could not be studied scientifically, behaviorism re-emerges

Question 18

Humanism

Answer 18

Emphasizes the unique qualities of humans, especially their capacity for freedom and growth

Question 19

Carl Rogers

Answer 19

Humanism, person centered therapy

Question 20

Abraham Moslow

Answer 20

Humanism, hierarchy of needs

Question 21

Cognition

Answer 21

mental processes involved in acquiring knowledge

Question 22

neuroscience

Answer 22

cognitive revolution, research on the brain and its role in behaviour

Question 23

Jean Piaget

Answer 23

Cognition

Question 24

Donald Hebb

Answer 24

Father of neuroscience

Question 25

WEIRD - focus on culture

Answer 25

Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, Democratic

Question 26

modern psychology - evolutionary psychology

Answer 26

examines behavioural processes in terms of their adaptive value for species members over many generations

Question 27

natural selection favours...

Answer 27

behaviours that enhance reproductive success

Question 28

Martin Seligman

Answer 28

Launched positive psychology movement

Question 29

positive psychology

Answer 29

uses theory and research to better understand the positive aspects of the human experience

Question 30

positive psychology focuses on

Answer 30

positive subjective experiences positive individual traits positive institutions and communities

Question 31

Psychology today

Answer 31

the science of behaviour and the psychological and cognitive processes behind it

Question 32

Psychology subfields

Answer 32

Forensic Psychology, Health Psychology, Developmental psychology and experimental psychology

Question 33

Forensic Psychology

Answer 33

application of psychology in legal settings

Question 34

Health Psychology

Answer 34

how psychology contributes to the physical health and treatment of illnesses

Question 35

Developmental Psychology

Answer 35

studies psychology over a lifespan

Question 36

experimental psychology

Answer 36

traditional core topics in psychology like sensation, perception, learning and conditioning

Question 37

Personality Psychology

Answer 37

studies behaviour that shows personality

Question 38

Psychometrics

Answer 38

measurement of behaviour and capabilities through test development

Question 39

Educational Psychology

Answer 39

how people learn and the best ways to teach them

Question 40

Cognitive Psychology

Answer 40

studies higher mental processes

Question 41

Behavioural neuroscience

Answer 41

the influence of genetic factors and the role of the brain and related systems

Question 42

Social Psychology

Answer 42

studies interpersonal behaviours

Question 43

Clinical Psychology

Answer 43

branch of psych that studies diagnosis and treatments

Question 44

Counselling psychology

Answer 44

working with people struggling with everyday problems like family, marriage, career through interviews, testing

Question 45

Educational/School Psych

Answer 45

studies educational processes in school

Question 46

Industrial/Organizational Psychology

Answer 46

improves organizational structures and practices and job satisfaction and productivity

Question 47

Seven Key Themes

Answer 47

1. Psych is theoretically diverse 2. Evolves in a sociohistorical context 3. Psych is empirical 4. Behaviour is determined by multiple causes 5. Behaviour is shaped by cultural heritage 6. Heredity and environment influence behaviour 7. People's experience of the world is subjective