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Music in the Rock Era > Midterm 1 > Flashcards

Midterm 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

The Chords - “Sh-Boom”

A
  • 1954 doo-wop song originally performed by a black group
  • Gospel vocal group style
  • R&B instrumentation
  • quicker tempo and more R&B than cover version
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2
Q

The Crew Cuts - “Sh-Boom”

A
  • Cover version by a white group produced for radio
  • Directed toward an older white audience
  • The singing is less “soulful” … not as much gosepl influence
  • Pop instrumentation
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3
Q

Doo-wop

A
  • Musical genre inspired by gosel quartets in the 1950s
  • Remained popular until the 1960s
  • Very maintstream … no sexualized lyrics
  • Use of vocables … non-lexical syllables… words without meaning “fa la la”
  • Originals by black groups and commonly cover versions by white groups were made for mainstream radio
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4
Q

Ray Charles - “What’d I say”

A
  • 1959 top 10 hit by Ray Charles
  • Wasn’t really played on the radio because of the strong sexual ineuendo… moans
  • Gospel esctatic style, soulful singing
  • Rythym has a Latin-feel
  • Gosep influence from Hammond organ and call and response singing style
    *
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5
Q

Bo Diddley - “Bo Diddley”

A
  • 1955 song by Bo Diddley
  • Influence from electric blues and afro-cuban music
  • The “Bo Diddley” beat is a subtle alteration to the cuban clave beat
  • Use of maracas
  • Lyrics are inspuired by a childhood lullaby
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6
Q

Rockabilly

A
  • ALMOST rock music
  • A musical genre that came around in 1954 that merged country, R&B, and rock n roll
  • “Rock Around the Clock” showcased in Blackboard Jungle
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7
Q

Blackboard Jungle

A
  • 1954 anti-rock music movie that wrned of ll the “teenage terror” brought on by the new rock n roll music
  • Featured “Rock Around the Clock”
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8
Q

Elvis Presley - “Heartbreak Hotel”

A
  • 1956 #1 hit for Elvis (his first #1)
  • This hit lead to numerous TV appearances
  • Elvis is the first rock n roll star
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9
Q

Jalihouse Rock

A
  • 1957 Elvis film
  • Featured his song “Jailhouse Rock”D
  • Featured Elvis as dangerous and rebellious… influenced his dancing style… known as “Elvis the Pelvis”
  • Walking bass line, rythym between shuffle, 8-beat rock
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10
Q

Elvis Presley

A
  • The King of Rockabilly
  • pre-1958 music is rockabilly
  • 1956 hit “Heartbreak Hotel”
  • Lots of TV appearances… quickly became a crossover movie star
  • 1955-58 is his creative peak
  • Joined the Army from 1958-60 but when he came back rock music had changed and he never caught up to the changing styles
  • focussed on movies for the rest of his career
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11
Q

Chuck Berry - “Maybellene”

A
  • 1955 hit #5 on the charts
  • Static harmony, alternating with a 12-bar blues form
  • ALMOST rock
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12
Q

Chuck Berry - “Johnny B Goode”

A
  • 1958 hit
  • Loud, in your face music
  • sytle blendng ==>> Rock n Roll
  • Backbeat and 8-beat rhythm
  • Strong guitars and vocal style
  • Lyrics are aimed at the youth, not racial…black and white kids
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13
Q

Jerry Lee Lewis - “Great Balls of Fire”

A
  • 1957 one hit wonder
  • flamboyant pianist
  • The song had STRONG, fast rock beat and aggressive piano beat
  • Career ended in 1958 when he married his 1st cousin, 13 year old Myra…his 3rd wife by age 23
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13
Q

Buddy Holly

A
  • Career: from August 1957 until February 59 when he died in a plane crash
  • Creates the bridge between “the founders” and rock’s “next generation”
  • He pushed rock farther
  • Influences… electric blues, create the bridge form, showed that rock could be more than just dance music
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14
Q

Buddy Holly - “That’ll Be The Day”

A
  • 1957 hit
  • conventional… used rockabilly styles to his own use
    *
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15
Q

Buddy Holly - “Everyday”

A
  • 1957 experimental song
  • Sounds like something that The Beatles might have done…
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16
Q

Buddy Holly - “Not Fade Away”

A
  • 1958 song
  • More abstract
  • Lyrics are starting to pull away from the teeny bopper love-style… “a love that won’t fade away..”
  • adopts clave beat
  • Abstract story telling
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17
Q

Buddy Holly Legacy

A
  • Short career, long shadow
  • Experimentation
  • Showed that rock could be more than just dance music
  • Used many different musical styles and pulled from different genres
  • Showed that a song can tell a story… expressive lyrics
  • Bridge to the next generation of rock music ==> The Beatles, Bob Dylan, etc….
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19
Q

The Death of Rock and Roll

A
  • Many ppl thought it was “just a fad”
  • “The Founders” careers’ are over by the end of the 50s
  • Chuck Berry, Elvis Presley, Little Richard, Jerry Lee Lewis, Ray Charles, Buddy Holly
  • Buddy Holly dies in 1959 plane crash
  • Chuck Berry in jail from 1962-65 for the Mann Act (59) “violation”
  • Elvis joins the army
  • Ray Charles goes soul and drugs
  • Jerry Lee Lewis is blacklisted
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20
Q

Roy Orbison

A
  • aka “The Voice”
  • His music shows blending of all of “the founders’” styles
  • Rockabilly roots
  • Cultivated 2 different sounds: 1. mellodramatic rock ballads (“Only the Lonely”) and 2. updated rockabilly (“Oh, Pretty Woman”)
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21
Q

The Early 1960’s

A
  • The evolution of rock and roll is in a bad place because all of the early pre-rock acts are gone
  • Roy Orbison and Surf Rock lead the way to the British Invasion
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22
Q

Roy Orbison - “Oh, Pretty Woman”

A
  • 1964… his biggest hit
  • Rock rhythm
  • Catchy riffs
  • Liberated bass line
  • “Updated rockabilly”
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23
Q

Surf Rock

A
  • The first time music is linked with a place (time, too) ==> Southern California (60s)
  • Semiotic
  • Beach Boys
  • Distinctive gutar sound invented by Dick Dale
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24
Q

Dick Dale

A
  • Lefty… played his guitar like Jimi Hendrix
  • Guitar innovator
  • Experimentation
  • Intense tremelos
  • rapid scale runs
  • “wet sound”
  • Middle Eastern modal systems
  • “Misserlou” (62)
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25
Dick Dale - "Misserlou"
* Uses a specfic scale called Hijaz bar/Double Harmonic * Heard in many surf rock songs
26
The Quarry Men
* John Lennnon invited Paul McCartney to join the band after a church-like function * George Harrison joins in 1958 * Evolved from a skiffle group by Lennon * Represents the fade of skiffle * Liverpool... key location because it is a port town ==\> 1st listen at "the founders" music
27
The Hamburg Years
* End of the Quarry Men, beginning of The Beatles * Liverpool \<--\> Hamburg, Germany * Working the club scene * First "hit" is "My Bonnie" (61) w/Tony Sherridan... it reached #5 in Germany * After, became house band at Cavern Club in Liverpool * Met Brian Epstein (the "5th Beatle," future manager) in Liverpool
28
Brian Epstein
* The "Fifth Beatle" * Met The Beatles at the Cavern Club in Liverpool * Manager * Helps craft their sound and image ==\> appealing to everyone
29
The Beatles The Beginning
* 1/1/1962 Decca audition ==\> didnt impress * George Martin hears demo ==\> they are signed to EMI/Parlophone and helps produce * Ringo Starr * Brian Epstein helps craft their image ==\> appealing to everyone * Group effort ==\> everyone + Epstein + Martin contributed
30
The Beatles The Periods
* 4 distinct style periods/eras 1. **Beatlemania** (62-64) emergence and early success 2. **Dylan-inspired Seriousness** (65-66) self-examination 3. **Psychedelia** (66-67) drugs, experimentation, hippie culture, retire from touring, return to studio 4. **Return to Roots** (68-70) band dissolves, make efforts to recapture early excitement of members
31
The Beatles The Canons
* Only the UK albums that Parlophone releases * Last 4 are released by Apple Corps (but distributed by EMI/Parlophone * Exception: Magical Mystery Tour (67) * Many early albums released by Capitol Records were compilations of UK tracks
32
The Beatles - "Please Please Me"
* Break-thru hit * Standard rock band music == \> instrumentation, beat, rhythm * 4 piece band * vocal harmonies * Beatlemania
33
The Beatles - "If I Fell"
* _A Hard Day's Night_ (64) * by Lennon * "strange" chord progression * 2-part harmony * no clear verse/chorus/bridge form * introspection * lyrical sophistication ==\> out with teeny-bopper... deeper meaning * Beatlemania
34
The Beatles - "Eleanor Rigby"
* Dylan-inspired Seriousness * 1966 hit * song cycle... forerunner to concept album * songs with a story... "bigger picture" * Instrumentation: string octet emulating a rock band, no rock instruments * Lyrics... existentialism, the lonely ppl, purpuse?...
35
The Beach Boys - "Good Vibrations"
* Response to _Rubber Soul_ with _Pet Sounds_ * Used break-thru studio techniques, more sophisticated sound * Recorded for _Pet Sounds_, but saved for _Smile_ * Sectional/Episodic structure * Cello and Theramin * Psychedelic lyrics * Abstract imagery * Brian Wilson... main creative force
36
The Beatles - "A Day in the Life"
* Psychedelia * _Sgt. Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band_ (67)... 1st concept album * Final track/ "encore" * Sectional form * Lyrics * Avant gard... "cluster chords" transition
37
The Beatles - "Come Together"
* Return to Roots * _Abbey Road_ (69) wide range of styles * Bluesy-style * Electric piano * verse/refrain form
38
The Beatles Legacy
* Took rock music even further * Continued Holly's legacy * 1st primary songwriters * Diverse range of styles * Used recording studio as an extension of creativity * The album as a "document"....complete idea * Critical and popular acclaim during their career * Most influencial band of all time
39
The 1st Folk Revival
* 1st folk "revival" in 30s during Great Depression * Preservatio of Anglo-American song tradition * academia + popular music met * John + Alan Lomez * Pete Seeger * Leadbelly * collect songs, transcribe, issue recordings
40
Pete Seeger - "Frankie and Johnny"
* murder ballad * traditional folk * about an "incident" in STL * basic music, lyrical focus * guitar and vocals * storytelling
41
Folk music...
...is a living tradition that changes with each performer.
42
The 2nd Folk Revival
* never went away completely * a new generation ==\> The Beats * Pete Seeger and Woody Guthrie pointed the way... * Bob Dylan emerges...
43
Bob Dylan The Periods
* career has many twists and turns 1. **Woody Gutrhie Jukebox** collection of cover songs, traditional folk songs 2. **Finger-pointin' songs** _Freewheelin Bob Dylan_ (63), _The Times They Are A-Changin'_ (64) 3. **Shift From Protest Music** x-pollinization w/The Beatles, _Another Side of Bob Dylan_ (64) 4. **Goes Electric** _Bringing It All Back Home_ (65), _Highway 61 Revisted_ (65), _Blonde on Blonde_ (66) 5. **Motorcycle accident** in 1966, _John Wesely Harding_ (67) 6. **Gospel** _Slow Train Coming_ (79), _Saved_ (80)
44
Bob Dylan - "Song for Woody"
* ==\>NYC to meet Woody Guthrie in 61 * Tune from Guthrie's "1913 Massacre" * References other folk leaders: Leadbilly, Cisco Houston, Sonny Terry * Tribute to Guthrie and his inspiration * 1 of 2 originals for _Bob Dylan_ (62) * **Woody Guthrie Jukebox**
45
Bob Dylan - "Blowin' in the Wind"
* protest songs, **Finger-pointin' songs** * _The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan_ (63) * Words more important than music * Dylan + Guitar + Harmonica * Not a hit for Dylan ==\> famous by Peter, Paul, and Mary * Simple chord structure built on I, IV, and V chords * Abstract idea * Lyrics are concrete images with structure
46
Bob Dylan - "Subterranean Homesick Blues"
* 1st "music video" idea * not a big hit * influenced by The Beat poets * Inspired/cameo by Allen Ginsburg * Speaking over singing * impressionist/abstract imagery * **stream of consciousness** kind of lyrics * **Going Electric**
47
The Mamas and the Papas - "California Dreamin'"
* Folk Rock * mid-60s grousp taking their cue from Dylan * Rock instrumentation ==\> guitar, bass, drums, rhythm * Folk instrumentation ==\> harmonica, tambourine
48
Bob Dylan - "Like a Rolling Stone"
* _Highway 61 Revisted_ (65) * **Goes Electric** * features wide variety of styles * Song length 3-11 min * Lyrical form... 2-part verse leading into chorus * music expands/contracts for lyrics ==\> "frames" the focus on lyrics * internal rhyming "once upon a *time* you dressed so *fine* you threw the bums a *dime* in your *prime*..." * Looking at the world froma different POV
49
Bob Dylan - "All Along the Watchtower"
* **Motorcylce accident** + brief retirement * _John Wesley Harding_ (67) * Return to acoustic soul * Made famous by Hendrix _Electric Ladyland_ (68) * surreal lyrics... mostly images * One of the most covered songs of all time * conversation ==\> metaphor, literary characters
50
Bob Dylan - "Lily, Rosemary, and the Jack of Hearts"
* ballad song * **Motorcycle accident** * _Blood on the Tracks_ (75) * long as shit
51
Bob Dylan Legacy
* Rock music that matters * Music is substantial * Significance, relevent * Folk rock scene goes electric * ==\>\> hippie rock, acid rock, etc...
52
Back to the early 60's
* White vs Black ==\> both "styles" had the same elements, diff directions * Motown - record company - continues the doo-wop legacy * Soul, Funk, and Rap all have roots in Motown
53
The Motown System
* Hit factory * Top-down system ==\> Gordy controlled all aspects of the record creation * Particular, *expected sound* 1. **Founder/CEO Barry Gordy** - 1959 2. **Songwriters** Smokey Robinson, Holland/Dozier/Holland, crafting the songs.. 3. **House Musicans and Arrangers** 4. **Performers** the least important ppl @ Motown
54
The Motown Sound
* One of the most successful labels * Unique, distinct style * Predictable 1. **Male groups** The Temptations, Four Tops 2. **Girl groups** The Supremes 3. **Solo acts** Smokey Robinson, Marvin Gaye, Gladys Knight (+ The Pips)
55
The Temptations - "My Girl"
* Dense textures * String section, brass * Distinctive bass line * Abundance of melodies * Lyrics - **love song**
56
Aretha Franklin - "Think"
* Call for female empowerment * Powerful voice, in your face * Emoitional * Queen of Soul
57
Aretha Franklin
* The Queen of Soul * Memphis ==\> Detroit * singed to Columbia... ==\> Atlantic in 66 *
58
James Brown - "Papa's Got A Brand New Bag"
* James Brown, born in Atlanta * Striped down R&B sound * Title itself is metaphor for this new sound * Isolated horn riffs * Choked guitars * Anticipates funk=====\>hip hop, rap * Still highly emotional vocals
59
Marvin Gaye - "I Heard It Through the Grapevine"
* Gladys Knight also recorded it * Gaye's version is darker * *Moody electric piano* * Subtle steings + backing vocals * Prominent bass line * Emphasizing **lower registers**
60
Marvin Gaye - "What's Goin' On"
* MLK + Kennedy assassinations in 68 * Song cycle * Lyrics: 1/2 spoken, 1/2 sung * Mellow funk feel * Prominent bass line * **_Soul Style_**
61
Al Green - "Tired of Being Alone"
* "bedroom music" * Changes voice thruout to emphasize meaning * wide and expressive vocal style * Last of great soul singers
62
Sly and the Family Stone - "Thank Ya (Falletinme Be Mice Elf Agin)"
* Striped down vocal melody * Dense instrumental riffs * "Funky" bss of Larry Grahm * 16-beat rhythm (next step up from 8 beat rock) * Lyrics move slowly above faster beat
63
Stevie Wonder - "Superstition"
* **Funk**-inspired * Clarinet * Percussive piano style * Trumpet + sax * Black artists embrace technology * Dense textures * Lyrics ==\> unfounded beliefs, self-fullfilling prophecy
64
Stevie Wonder
* Recorded a range of styles * Blind piano prodegy * Motwon contract expires at 21
65
George Clinton + Parliament/Funkadelic - "Give Up The Funk (Tear The Roof of the Sucker)"
* 1976 * _dense_ textures * heavy *syncopation* * HUGE band * static harmonies = repeated riffs * simple, repeated lyrics
66

Music in the Rock Era (2 decks)

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