Midterm 1 Flashcards
0
Q
Castrated male horse.
A
Gelding
1
Q
What is one quota of dairy?
A
1 kg butterfat
2
Q
What is a castrated male cattle?
A
Steer
3
Q
What is farrow to weaning?
A
Breed females and sell weaned piglets
4
Q
Feeder?
A
Buy pigs from farrow to weaning operations, sell to market
5
Q
How long are hens kept in laying barn?
A
12 mos
6
Q
Farrow to finish?
A
Breed female pigs then raise pigs to market weight
7
Q
Newborn cattle
A
calf
8
Q
Newborn sheep
A
lamb
9
Q
Newborn goat
A
Kid
10
Q
Castrated male horse?
A
gelding
11
Q
castrated male pig
A
Burrow
13
Q
Castrated male chicken
A
Capon
14
Q
Castrated male cattle
A
steer
14
Q
Castrated male goat
A
wether
15
Q
Castrated male sheep
A
wether
16
Q
Mature male cattle
A
Bull
17
Q
Mature male sheep
A
Ram
18
Q
Mature male goat
A
Buck
19
Q
Mature female cattle
A
cow
20
Q
Mature female sheep
A
ewe
21
Q
Mature female goat
A
Doe
22
Q
Immature female cattle
A
Heifer
23
Q
Immature female sheep
A
Ewe lamb
24
Immature female goat
Doe
25
Immature male cattle
bull calf
26
immature male sheep
ram lamb
27
immature male goat
buck kid
28
WHAT AGE DO HENS ENTER LAYING BARN?
19 WEEKS
29
OVIPOSITION
CHICKENS
30
KIDDING
GOATS
31
CALVING
CATTLE
32
LAMBING
LAMBS
33
FARROWING
PIGS
34
FOALING
HORSES
35
HOW MANY TIMES ARE BROILERS MARKETED?
7-8 TIMES PER YEAR
36
HOW MANY EGGS WILL A HEN PRODUCE IN HER LIFETIME?
290-300 EGGS
37
NEWBORN CATTLE
CALF
38
NEWBORN SHEEP
LAMB
39
NEWBORN GOAT
KID
40
MATURE MALE HORSE
STALLION
41
MATURE MALE PIG
BOAR
42
MATURE MALE CHICKEN
ROOSTER
43
WHAT TYPE OF BREEDING IS MOST COMMON IN TURKEY?
AI
44
FARROW TO WEANING
BREED FEMALES AND SELL WEANED PIGLETS
45
IMMATURE MALE HORSE
COLT
46
IMMATURE MALE PIG
SHOAT
47
IMMATURE MALE CHICKEN
COCKEREL
48
NEWBORN HORSE
FOAL
49
NEWBORN PIG
PIGLET
50
NEWBORN CHICKEN
CHICK
51
WHAT IS MULTIPLE COMPONENT PRICING?
PAID FOR BUTTERFAT, PROTEIN, OTHER SOLIDS
52
LIST 4 THINGS OTHER THAN THE COMPONENTS PAID FOR THAT ARE MEASURED IN MILK TO ENSURE QUALITY?
ANTIBIOTICS
FREEZING POINT (H20 CONTENT)
SOMATIC CELL COUNT
BACTERIA COUNT
53
WHAT HAPPENS IF ANTIBIOTICS FOUND IN PRODUCERS MILK?
MILK IS DUMPED, AND PRODUCER MUST PAY FOR LOST MILK AND DISPOSAL COSTS, WILL NOT PICK MILK UP AGAIN UNTIL MILK TESTS (-) FOR AB
54
CAN YOU PRODUCE EGGS IN MANITOBA WITHOUT QUOTA?
YES, 100< HENS
55
HOW IS OVERPRODUCTION DISCOURAGED IN EGG INDUSTRY?
FINES
56
WHAT IS THE QUOTA UNIT FOR EGGS?
LAYING HEN
57
WHAT IS THE QUOTA UNIT FOR TURKEY?
KG OF LIVE MARKETED PER YEAR
59
LIST 4 THINGS TAKEN INTO CONSIDERATION WHEN SETTING PRICE FOR TURKEY
SUPPLY AND DEMAND
COST OF PRODUCT
PRICE OF COMPETITIVE PRODUCT
AVAILABILITY OF SIMILAR PRODUCT FROM OUTSIDE MB
60
Can you produce chicken in Manitoba without quota?
Yes, if less than 1000 birds.
61
What is the quota unit for chicken?
Kg of live weight marketed per cycle (7 weeks)
62
What is the quota unit for broiler hatching eggs?
Breeding hen
63
How is supply managed for pregnant mare's urine?
Singel company that buys the product only buys from people with a contract.
64
From 1960 to mid 1990's how were hogs sold in MB? How are they sold now?
Single desk, had to sell via a provincial board.
Dual market system
can sell via HEMS?? or provincial board or independently
65
When the Canadian pork council was established in the 1960's, what was it's primary objectives?
1. to create a grading system
| 2. to promote export of high quality product
66
Are weanlings a large part of MB's hog production?
YEs
67
What factors are included in pricing weanlings?
1. weight
2. market prices
3. health and treatment status
68
How has genetic selection in hogs changed in the last few decades?
Historically most producers retained their own animals and reared them as replacement stock
More and more producers now attain their replacement stock from breeding companies
69
Define a cull animal and list 2 reasons to cull an animal?
```
An animal that has been removed from the breeding herd/flock
1. too old
2.health
3.temperament
not reproductive
```
70
Define replacement animal
the animal placed into a breeding herd to replace a culled animal
71
Define a stock or backgrounder
Weak calf that is fed forage to gain weight slowly before entering the feedlot.
72
What is estrous cycle?
Time between ovulation and standing heat periods.
73
Standing heat?
Time when a female is willing to mate, occurs around time of ovulation.
74
Gestation length
Length of pregnancy
75
What is partition for swine?
farrrowing
76
We generally aim for a breeding season of 63 days for cow-calf producers. Why?
Allows couple of chances to get bred, and allows for a short calving season which means more uniform calf group.
77
What type of breeding is most common in cow-calf operations?
Natural, 1 bull 25-40 cows
78
Define an open cow
Not pregnant at end of breeding season.
79
List 4 areas where control is applied in agriculture
1. nutrition
2. time and pattern of harvest
3. reproduction/genetics
4. location
80
List 4 features of a system
group of components working towards a common purpose
capable of responding as a whole to an external system
outputs have no direct effect on system
borders should include all significant feedbacks
81
In order for a model to be useful, what must it be able to do?
Predict a real outcome.
82
How is a model validated?
test it against real data, data not used in creating model.
83
List 4 modifiers of CONFINED animal agriculture other than public opinion?
macro climate
micro climate
disease pressures
management
84
BST is banned because?
Animal welfare concern, susceptibility to mastisitis.
85
Recent changes with regards to phosphorous?
Lake Wpg manure/nutrient management.
86
Give 4 areas where public opinion has altered animal agriculture.
1. environmental issues
2. animal welfare-cages
3. food quality issues-omega, lean meat, low cholest, organic
4. animal nutrition-decreased use of meat products in feeding livestock
87
Calculate the efficiency ratio for a system with 20 units if output for every 10 units of input. Is it sustainable?
20/10=2, sustainable
88
List 5 reasons behind the changes in efficiency we have seen in animal agriculture in the last century.
1. genetics
2. nutrition
3. health-more vacc.
4. innovation-eg robotic miker
5. housing
89
If the efficiency of ruminants is so low, why do we continue to produce them?
The protein and energy used b ruminants is often unusable by humans
graze marginal lands
economically sustainable
by products and foods not suitable for humans
90
Define food security
Adequate food and cash flow to meet individual needs.
91
How does protein intake of nations change as economic status increases?
Increase in total production intake, more from animal products.
92
Currently how much arable land is there per person in the world?
.24 hectare
93
What % annually is food production going to increase to match population growth?
1.5%
94
What is the cull rate for beef production?
15%
95
What age are beef calves weaned?
200 days, 6-7 mos
96
What happens once beef calves are weaned?
1. replacement animal
2. go to feed lot to slaughter
3. backgrounder or stalker, eat forage to gain weight
97
When is the breeding calving season for dairy?
All year, qual # of calves born each month.
98
Most breeding in dairy is done by?
AI
99
What is the cull rate from dairy?
25-40% High due to reproductive issues.
100
What is the length of lactation for a dairy cow?
305 days.
101
What is the dry period? How long should it be?
Time when cow does not lactate, until she calves again
102
What is the cull rate for sheep and goats?
15%
103
List the commodities under supply management in Canada?
```
Dairy
Eggs
Chicken
Turkey
Broiler hatching eggs
```
104
List 2 things the National Farm products council needs to know before it allows a commodity to become supply managed.
1. Majority of the producers must be in favour
| 2. There must be MERIT in allowing supp. mgmnt
105
List 3 negatives associated with supply management?
1. Hard to enter (barriers to entry)
2. trade issues with other countries
3. price issues
106
List 3 functions of national agencies.
1. Set national quota
2. Set support prices
3. control imports
4. promote milk
5. in charge of all movement of dairy across prov. and intl borders
107
Give 3 roles of provincial agencies.
1. transport & marketing of milk from processors
2. promotion
3. imporve quality, innovation
108
In DAIRY list 3 things taken into consideration when setting the national quota amount.
1. domenstic consumption
2. amount of stock held by Canadian Dairy Commission
3. prediction of imports
109
How is OVERPRODUCTION discouraged in DAIRY?
Pay very little for over quota milk.
110
What are 2 factors used in determining the carcass index for market hogs?
1. carcass weight
| 2. estimated lean yield
111
Newborn horse
foal
112
Newborn pig
piglet
113
newborn chicken
chick
114
Immature female horse
filly
115
Immature female pig
Gilt
116
Immature female chicken
Pullet<19 weeks
117
PUBERTY (Mos) CATTLE
10-13
118
PUBERTY (Mos) SHEEP
5-7
119
PUBERTY (mos) GOAT
3 male, 9-10 female
120
ESTROUS CYCLE CATTLE (D)
21
121
ESTROUS CYCLE SHEEP (D)
16
122
ESTROUS CYCLE GOAT (D)
21
123
STANDING HEAT (HRS) CATTLE
12
124
STANDING HEAT (HRS) SHEEP
30
125
STANDING HEAT (HRS) GOAT
39
126
GESTATION LENGTH CATTLE
283 DAYS
127
GESTATION LENGHT SHEEP
148 DAYS
128
GESTATION LENGTH GOAT
150 DAYS
129
AVG # OF OFFSPRING CATTLE
1
130
AVG # OF OFFSPRING SHEEP
1.2-1.5
131
AVG # OF OFFSPRING GOAT
2.5-3
132
AGE AT FORST BREEDING CATTLE
14-18 MOS
133
AGE AT FRST BREEDING SHEEP
8-16 MOS
134
AGE AT FIRST BREEDING GOAT
10-16 MOS
135
PUBERTY HORSE (MOS)
MALE-13-18
| FEMALE-15-24
136
PUBERTY PIG (MOS)
MALE-4-8
| FEMALE-4-7
137
PUBERTY CHICKEN (MOS)
EGG-4-5
| MEAT-5-6
138
ESTROUS CYCLE HORSES (D)
21
139
ESTROUS CYCLE PIGS (D)
20
140
STANDING HEAT HORSES
4-6 DAYS
141
STANDING HEAT PIGS
2-3 DAYS
142
GESTATION LENGTH HORSES
336 DAYS
143
GESTATION LENGTH PIGS
115 DAYS
144
AVG # OF OFFSPRING HORSES
1
145
AVG # OF OFFSPRING PIGS
8-10
146
AGE AT FORST BREEDING HORSES (MOS)
24-36
147
AGE A T FIRST BREEDING PIGS (MOS)
8
148
MATURE FEMALE HORSE
MARE
149
MATURE FEMALE PIG
SOW
150
MATURE FEMALE CHICKEN
HEN
151
How does sex affect price of feeder cattle?
steers get a better price than heifers
152
How does weight affect the price of cattle?
500-600 lbs usually best, based on per lb price
153
How does supply and demand affect the price of cattle?
Seasonal
feedlots need
supply of feeder cattle
154
How does FRAMe SIZE affect the price of cattle?
Medium to large framed cattle get higher bids.
155
How does type of cattle affect the price?
breed, colour
156
How does the condition affect the price of cattle?
Flesh, animals with lots of tag are discounted. Tag is ice, manure, mud on coat.
157
How does lot size affect price of cattle?
>40 head get higher bids than small lots. More uniform the lot, the higher the bid.
158
How does APPEARANCE affect the price of cattle?
stale cattle, cattle flipped, stressed will lower bid.
159
How does type of cattle affect the price of cattle?
Lower bid due to need to castrate or dehorn.
160
How does pre-conditioning affect the price of cattle?
Increase bid cost, but does cost money
161
What 3 things is supply management meant to ensure?
1. Enough product is produced to meet domestic demand
2. Ensure reasonable return to producers
3. ensure a reasonable and stable price for consumers
162
What 3 things must be controlled in supply management?
1. control domestic production
2. control imports
3. control prices for producers
163
List 3 things taken into consideration when setting support prices?
1. Cost of production
2. Processors margin
3. Consumer price index
