Midterm 1 1st five Flashcards
(18 cards)
- What is the interactionist perspective?
Interactionist perspective is the idea that human development isn’t solely based off of nature or nurture. Rather it is the combination of both nature and nurture that makes us who we are. While our innate biological(nature) DNA contributes to our development, nurture or the process of our life play a factor on this development as well. This extends to parenting. A parent was be able to balance their child’s nature while nurturing them anyway possible that is more beneficial to their development.
- Example of interactionist perspective?
A child born with a speech delay that get no therapy, does not go to preschool,and has bad nutrition then this child’s nurture will affect their nature in a negative way and cause their speech delay to get worse as opposed to a child who receives assistance.
- What is temperament?
Temperament is a stable trait that we possess that are considered constitutional or biologically based. They usually have to do with things related to reactivity and self-regulation. Although they are considered constitutional, they interact with and are influenced by the environment. Having the right parenting for different types of temperaments is important for a child’s development.
- What are four dimensions of temperament?
movement, play level, mellow, lethargic, burst of activity
- What are the three patterns of temperament and their best fits?
Easy?
regular or predictable functions, easy adaptability, positive approach, positive mood, calmness
- What are the three patterns of temperament and their best fits?
difficult?
withdrawal to novel stimuli, negative mood, high emotional intensity, slow adaptation
Even over time it took a long time to warm up
- What are the three patterns of temperament and their best fits?
slow to warm up?
negative but mild intensity to new stimuli, moderate activity, slight difficult temperament at first, but once they adapt they will function easily
- What is the importance of goodness of fit?
Goodness of fit relates to the relationship between the environment and temperament. For goodness of fit the environment needs to meet the needs of the child’s temperament. Stressors in the environment harm the fit. For example, parent-child conflict.
- What kind of caretaking or response style is best for these temperaments?
Easy?
Easy children tend to go well with many different parenting styles. Same with teachers, can go a bunch of different places and do well.
- What kind of caretaking or response style is best for these temperaments?
Slow to warm up?
Slow to warm up children tend to do better with patient, encouraging, calm and warm caretakers and teachers
- What kind of caretaking or response style is best for these temperaments?
Difficult
Difficult temperament children do best with flexible, patient and nonpunitive. Can also do well with structure but not too much structure. For example, a child with ADHD tend to have more of a difficult temperament and it’s harder for them to have a good fit with parents and teachers. They require such a specific style that it makes it hard for everyone to be able to meet those needs.
What is the ecological model?
The ecological model reminds us that the larger social and physical environment affects how we cope and react. Interacts with biological and temperament. Contextual forces to child’s biological, psychological, and temperamental characteristics.
What are the five levels of the bronfenbrenner?
Microsystem?
closest layer to child, includes the child, family, school, home, church, daycare, pediatrician. All individuals in places that have a direct impact on the child. Can be positive and negative: good/bad parenting or schooling
What are the five levels of the bronfenbrenner?
mesosystem?
second layer, provides connections between various microsystems
positive: family going to church, child in school, parent-teacher conferences
negative: two sets of caretakers that don’t get along and agree (2 systems interacting in a negative way)
What are the five levels of the bronfenbrenner?
exosystem?
setting beyond child’s immediate environment, but nevertheless have an impact on child and the microsystem
- depends on culture of the family
positive: promotion
negative: laid off
What are the five levels of the bronfenbrenner?
macrosystem?
customs, values and laws considered important in the child’s culture
- determines acceptable and unacceptable behavior
positive: relative freedom permitted by government
negative: clash between culture, civil war
What are the five levels of the bronfenbrenner?
chronosystem?
the time that one grows up in, patterning of environmental event
for example, living toward WWII, depression, post 9/11
1. Post 911 way more security , events in our lifetime change the way things work
2. Children growing up today have access to technology that Dr. Gershon didn’t have access to
3. This can be both a positive and negative on development
4. cyberbullying , leaving out friends and posting pictures
5. Whole new access to a public forum that creates the opportunity for kids to get hurt
6. Changes kids experience growing up. These things didn’t occur when we didn’t have access to this technology
What is a developmental niche?
Developmental niche helps us understand how aspects of culture guide development. Includes living space, toys, nutritional status, climate, reading material. Includes sleeping practices, eating, feeding, formal and informal learning. Varies from the US and the rest of the world. Influenced by physical and social setting of daily life. Psychology of care takers: parenting style, collectivist, individualistic, developmental expectations. Customs of child care and child rearing (type of community, who lives with, early care taker, sleep routine and concentrations, feeding routines, neighborhood influences, school experiences, informal learning, religious experience and rights of passage)
- co- sleeping- practice is routine in most of the world however, not in US culture
- Feeding- nuitrition is both for physical development and relationship forming.
- cultures with very formal rights and rituals around becoming an adult
- US protracted adolescents- gives us a long time to find ourselves
