Midterm 1

Question 1

Diaspora

Answer 1

scattering of Jews from their homeland of Israel, to other areas

Question 2

Ashkenazi

Answer 2

Group of Jews in Eastern Europe

Question 3

Yiddish

Answer 3

Language of mainly Ashkenazi Jews; mix of slavic language with hebrew, and mostly German

Question 4

Hebrew

Answer 4

language of the ancient Jews, still used for reading of the Torah and for special occasions. Normally women do not learn this language in depth

Question 5

Enlightenment/Haskalah

Answer 5

1855-1881; Alexander II possibility of secularization and Jews encouraged to move past restrictive traditions

Question 6

Pale of Settlement

Answer 6

forced migration in Russia started by Catherine the Great late 1700’s; 6 million Jews by 1910; began the legacy of shtetls

Question 7

Shtetls

Answer 7

small towns, Fiddler on the Roof, pale of settlement

Question 8

Sabbatei Zevi

Answer 8

Fake messiah; mid 1600’s; devastating… precludes Hassidic movement

Question 9

Maskilim

Answer 9

Haskalah

Question 10

Chassidism

Answer 10

demphasis on scholarship, spiritual/mystical/universal forms of worship, rebbe, superstitious, besht

Question 11

Baal Shem Tov

Answer 11

“Besht” a leader of the Chassidic movement; miracle worker, early 1700-1760’s

Question 12

Sabbath

Answer 12

time of holiness; a hazan for shabbat, let the sabbath linger, restrictions, food, tchines,

Question 13

T’khines

Answer 13

prayers for women

Question 14

Cantor(Hazzan)

Answer 14

A Hazzan for shabbat, revered, virtuosic, each worker expresses the beauty in their own medium

Question 15

Dybbuk

Answer 15

S. Ansky; arranged marriage of infants, boy dies and possesses body of the woman he loves

Question 16

cheder

Answer 16

Jewish school for young boys to become scholars; raisins and almonds, Cahan describes two extremes, one that boys were malnourished and beaten and scared, and the other that the mother has the baby in a prayer shawl

Question 17

Melamed

Answer 17

teacher in the cheder, good or bad

Question 18

Torah

Answer 18

The Old testament to study

Question 19

Talmud

Answer 19

Jewish interpretation of the torah

Question 20

olom haboh

Answer 20

Jewish music Hassidic

Question 21

Vilna

Answer 21

Larger city, problems for next generation Jews; “Oh Abraham”, “As I went walking”, “He comes to me”

Question 22

Sholom Aleichem

Answer 22

Fiddler on the Roof, means “hello”, used Yiddish literature to expand the knowledge of the Jewish population

Question 23

Catherine the Great

Answer 23

1700’s, began the Pale of Settlement; struggled with maintaining Russian traditions, yet also keeping up to speed with the enlightenment period

Question 24

Alexander II

Answer 24

A time of renaissance for the Jews, increased education, unfortunately under the goal of assimilation, not preservation of the Jewish tradition

Question 25

Alexander III

Answer 25

helped to blame the Jews for assassination, hardest period of persecution, many pogroms such as Odessa and Kishinev

Question 26

Kishinev

Answer 26

a very bloody pogrom ~1903, initiated a strong emigration from Russia

Question 27

Russo Japanese War

Answer 27

Russia tries to conquer the Japanese and there are many loses on both sides. Jews view this as punishment for pogroms such as Kishinev

Question 28

Pogrom

Answer 28

massacre of Jews; primarily Odessa and Kishinev. Jews are always in balance of acceptance and this extreme

Question 29

"Raisins and Almonds"

Answer 29

a story about giving the treats for studying Torah; told from an interesting perspective; a woman talking to her baby in the Second Temple period, discussing the great many things of the modern world that will come to pass. Possibly written supporting the Haskalah movement

Question 30

Kaddish

Answer 30

name related to singing praises to God

Question 31

Badkahn

Answer 31

Wedding singer, entertainment (Goldfaden was one once)

Question 32

Kine Hore

Answer 32

superstition, essentially similar to "don't Jink it!"

Question 33

Havdalah

Answer 33

Saturday night ending of Shabbat, three stars, three candles, song about "Let the Sabbath Linger"

Question 34

Misnagdim

Answer 34

a faction that appeared in resistance to the non-scholarly Chassidic movement

Question 35

Rebe/Rebbe

Answer 35

Chassidic priests, accused for accumulating wealth of their followers, and blindly leading them

Question 36

Nigunim

Answer 36

A Chassidic, non verbal worship. Songs composed of uttering and mumblings

Question 37

Tsadik

Answer 37

Rebbe; righteous person

Question 38

Lubavitch/Chabad

Answer 38

Very missionary minded Chassidic Jews

Question 39

Moschiach

Answer 39

Jewish "Messiah", still waiting for the right one; one major requirement was to rebuild the temple "Let our Salvation Come", "Tell us Rabbi, what will happen when messiah comes?" (biblical characters present)

Question 40

Goldfaden

Answer 40

Used Yiddish theatre as a springboard to teach the Jewish population modern culture, and their history

Question 41

Purimshpiel

Answer 41

a Mardi Gras type of celebration about the story of Esther

Question 42

Broder singers

Answer 42

singers

Question 43

Bund

Answer 43

Jewish labor movement; "Di Shuve" (The Oath) Hope and Faith; In Ale Gasm"

Question 44

Zionism

Answer 44

Shulamis, Bar Kochba

Question 45

May 1st

Answer 45

brighter, troubles have passed, Maylid

Question 46

Opera

Answer 46

used in Goldfaden's works

Question 47

Shulamis

Answer 47

A man leaves and returns to Shulamis, Shulamis says women too can pray, subtle enlightenment message, Contains Raisins and Almonds

Question 48

Messianic Hopes

Answer 48

Shabbatai Zevi, "Let our Salvation Come", "Tell us Rabbi..." (bib characters)

Question 49

Labor Song spectrum

Answer 49

Hope and Faith/Maylid vs. Barikadn/In Ale Gasm