Midterm 1 Flashcards
(147 cards)
0
Q
Hissarlik
A
Found by Schliemann, believed to be Troy
1
Q
Bronze Age
A
When bronze was primary weapons material, 1600-1100 BCE
2
Q
Minoan
A
Civilization that flourished in Bronze Age, arose on Crete, king Minos
3
Q
Crete
A
Naval Power, island, Knossos major city/palace (home of Minos). Fell when Knossos fell around 1400.
4
Q
Knossos
A
Major palace settlement on Crete, potential labyrinth
5
Q
Linear A
A
Writing System in Minoan culture
6
Q
Mycenean culture
A
After Minoan, in Crete and mainland, organized around walled palaces, tomb structure found in troezen. Suspected remains in Athens and Thebes
7
Q
Megaron
A
Center of citadel, building with large roof and pillars
8
Q
Tholos tomb
A
Rounded building with paved walkway, relieving triangle, like a beehive
9
Q
Lion gate
A
Main entrance of citadel, relieving triangle with lions
10
Q
Linear B
A
Written language in Mycenaean culture
11
Q
Ventris
A
Deciphered Linear B
12
Q
Troy
A
Major Mycenaean city fell around 1184
13
Q
Homer
A
Perhaps many people, blind Rhapsode. Odyssey and Iliad only surviving poems from Trojan Cycle
14
Q
Thetis
A
Wed Peleus, Eris not invited so she threw apple of discord
15
Q
Apple of Discord
A
Thrown by Eris
16
Q
Judgment of Paris
A
When Apple of discord was thrown in Zeus picked Paris to pick the fairest
17
Q
Priam
A
King of Troy
18
Q
Helen
A
Of Troy, kidnapped by Paris (son of Priam)
19
Q
Menelaus
A
Of Sparta, wins Helen
20
Q
Agamemnon
A
Warrior who led Greeks to Troy
21
Q
Kleos
A
reputation of fame, only part of human that survives after death
22
Q
Muse
A
Minor goddess of memory, helps Rhapsodes tell stories
23
Q
Diomedes
A
Great warrior in battle of Troy, Athena lifted must from his eyes to attack Aphrodite
24
Aeneas
Son of Aphrodite, almost dead in battle
25
Hector
Trojan who begs Athena for help in battle (mother is Hecuba)
26
Andromache
Wife of Hector
27
Nestor
Advises reconciliation between Agamemnon and Achilles
28
Embassy
Where people negotiate with Achilles
29
Hubris
Demands too much, thinks you can do anything
30
Patroclus
Achilles' side, the one who dons Achilles' armor
31
Ajax (the greater)
Only greek hero left standing
32
Achilles
Great Greek hero, arguing with Agamemnon so not fighting
33
Sarpedon
Rallied Lycians to fight with Trojans, fated to die (Zeus almost overrides)
34
Hector
Trojan who helps to kill Patroclus
35
Ecphrasis
A set scene that stops the action
36
Shield of Achilles
Made by Haphaestus, super rad. Fields of peace, scenes of everyday life etc
37
Theomacy
Battle of Gods (comic relief from humans dying)
38
Andromache
Hector's wife, hears wail when Hector dies
39
Telemachus
Son of Odysseus
40
Telemachy
First books of Odyssey
41
Penelope
Odysseus' wife
42
Nestor
Entertains Telemachus but can't answer questions
43
Pylos
Where Nestor lives
44
guest-friendship
When someone hosts you and vice versa
45
Sparta
Where Helen and Menelaus are
46
Nepenthe
Drug of forgetfulness
47
Proteus
Old man of the sea
48
Calypso
Magician
49
Phaeacians
Mystical land where Odysseus meets Nausicaa
50
Alcinuous and Arete
Rulers of Phaecia
51
Demodacus
Highly-esteemed bard
52
Lotus-Eaters
People eat lotus and forget
53
Polyphemus
Leader of Cyclopes
54
Aeolus
King of the winds
55
Circe
Minor goddess/witch who turns men to animals
56
Moly
Antidote against Circe's Magic
57
Land of the Dead
Potentially in underworld, where dead souls go (good and bad parts)
58
Tiresias
Prophet Odysseus needs his advice to get back to Ithaca
59
Sirens
Beckon to men, temptation for Odysseus because he's curious
60
Scylla
Multi-headed beast
61
Charybdis
Swallows and spits out sea
62
Cattle of Helios
Sacred cattle of sun god
63
Cretan tales
Odysseus' lies to Athena
64
Eumaeus
Odysseus' swineherd
65
Homonoia
Like-mindedness
66
Eurycleia
Old maid of Odysseus who recognizes him from scar
67
Laertes
Odysseus' father who kind of disappears when Odysseus does
68
Dark Age
1150-750 BCE. Decline in trade and arts, disappearance of writing. Rise of Assyrian Empire lead to Phoenician traders and spurring trade
69
Archaic Perios
750-500 BCE, 'modern' time, comes from word for beginning
70
Lefkandi
Town in Euboea where gravesite with monuments, potentially Patroclus'
71
Hesiod
Real person, first known poet
72
Theogony
Origin of universe
73
Works and Days
Poetry by Hesiod on farming and agriculture, metaphor directed at Perses
74
Oligarchy
Ruled by fee
75
Oligarchy
Ruled by few
76
Tyrant
Noble who is very influential
77
Panathenaia
Competition every 4 years
78
Acropolis
A citadel
79
Colonization
Organized groups of settlers in apoikias (colonies) set out from mother city. Meddling with other cities' colonies eventually caused wars. Colonies meant more places to trade
80
Mother city
Metropolis
81
Magna Grecia
Great Greece (settled part in southern Italy)
82
Alphabet
Linear B disappeared in Mycenaen, appears in pottery 750-700. Introduced by wandering Phoenecian prince. Took Phoenecian alphabet and added vowels
83
Variants in Alphabet
Caused by dialects
84
Polis
City and surroundings
85
Argos
Ruled by Agamemnon, 1st city to use coins
86
Thebes
Tried to dominate confederacy of states
87
Corinth
Leading naval power with pottery exports, money made on ship transfers
88
Sparta
Athens' rival, ruled by kings, militaristic
89
Athens
Claim domination, made up of Atticans,
90
Draco
Draconian period, wrote first legal code in response to Cyclon the failed tyrant
91
Solon
Social reform, written laws, abolition of debt-slavery
92
Photo-geometric period
Light colors, precise patterns done in potter's wheel or with compass. With time get more decorative and play with relationship between light and dark
93
Geometric period
Vertical detail, esp. Meander. Sculpted animals, could tell artists' hands apart, sick figure humans. Repetition and harmony
94
Meander
Greek pattern associated with Greece today
95
Orientalizing
900-700. Eastern Mediterranean. Tall and slender cases, fantastic animals, symmetry, fluid motifs, outline drawing. Porto-attic from Athens and Porto-Corinthian
96
Proto-attic
Reddish orange, little looser and not mass produced. Featured mythology
97
Proto-Corinthian
Yellowish, used for export because it showed up elsewhere. Mass produced and repetitive
98
Black figure cases
600. More realistic people, scenes with people. Dedication and signatures. Painted with slips then kilned. Women done in white
99
François vase
570-525. Scenes from mythology
100
Krater
Large vase to mix wine and water
101
Red figure vases
530. Brushes were used, slip created tone variations. Euthimides and Euphronius vases
102
Kore
Stone sculptures of young women. Origin in Crete
103
Kouros
Free standing nudes of young men originally in Egypt
104
Daedalus style of korai
Static with wig hair, carved and painted. Primary colors and brown. Offering votives
105
Archaic smile
Korai with bone structure in face. Smile due to how stone was produced
106
Symposium
Private drinking party for upperclass with entertainment
107
Hetairia
Social club with similar views like country club
108
Alcaeus
Poet with ship of state metaphor. His poetry not his political views have been immortalized.
109
Pedastery
Institution of mentor ship program within a hetairia to induct young men at puberty. Sometimes sexual.
110
Lyric poetry
Accompanied by lyre.
111
Monodony
Some by one person.
112
Choral poetry
Son by groups for festivals, also includes dancing to fit occasion. Even gods indulge in choral poetry(Muses depicted singing, mentioned in Iliad in Achilles shield)
113
Priamel
Poem in which a poet runs through many possibilities, only to settle on a certain subject/conceit.
114
Solon
Statesman of Athens who wrote mostly Eligaic and iambic poetry
115
Bacchylides
Poet from Ceos
116
Dithyramb
Choral genre, informal party song. Sometimes song honoring Dionysius. Other times son by male chorus in competition. Tell story has an element of narrative. Interacts with characters. Bacchalides=birth of tragedy.
117
Temples
Building with peaked roof and pillars, dedicated to a God. People would make offerings here
118
Pediment
The end of the temples roof
119
Naos
The chamber of the temple
120
Peristyle
Surrounding colonnade. Columns surrounding. Described by number of columns.
121
Doric order
Plain, heavy, squat, more masculine. Found in Greek mainland and magna grecia. Rounded molding into square slab on to
122
Triglyph
Three vertical bands running up frieze
123
Metope
Space between triglyphs
124
Ionic
Ornamented light and feminine. Tall slender columns on curved base. Eight times higher than width
125
Volute
Scroll type structure on column in Doric
126
Siphnian treasury
At delphi. Ionic frieze with statues
127
Olympic Games
Started in Olympia in 776
128
Panhellenic
Open to all Greeks (Olympics)
129
Olympiad
4 year program that starts with Olympics.
130
Pentathlon
Discus, javelin, long jump, wrestling, running
131
Pankration
Wrestling on ground.
132
Pythian competition
In Delphi in third year of Olympiad to honor apollo. Laurel wreath
133
Isthmian
In Corinth for Poseidon. Celery wreath.
134
Nemean
Honoring dead child
135
Panathenaic
In Athens to honor Athena prize of amphora with olive oil
136
Epinician poetry
Celebrating athletes achievements.
137
Pindar
Wrote for at least 52 years, all we have is his words, not music or choreography. Poems have achieved goals. Poems bring kleos
138
Writing system of Minoan culture
Linear A
139
Philosophy
The love of wisdom; speculation
140
Pre-Socratics
Philosophers in the 6th and 5th centuries before Socrates
141
Thales
Of Miletus, stereotypical wiseman. 1st in Europe to say everything comes from water
142
Anaximander
The infinite principle, where a point can perpetually give birth to whatever will be
143
Anaximenes
Everything comes down to air. Rarefaction and condensation
144
Pythagoras
Metempsychosis (reincarnation). As animal or bean
145
Heraclitus
Difficult to understand, things change constantly (can't step into a river twice)
146
Parmenides
This is an illusion. Most likely to give headache. No change in the universe
