- range of wavelength - spectral region - channel

- reflection of light - specific wavelengths observed that are reflected by an object ie: light (an electromagnetic wave) in the visible spectrum

universal transverse mercator - the most common coordinate system - Zone Eastings Northings

Midterm #1 Flashcards by B W

ETM Bands

8 bands

15m Spatial Resolution

ETM+8 0.520-0.900 (pan)

30m Spatial Resolution

ETM+1 0.45-0.515 (blue)

ETM+2 0.525-0.605 (green)

ETM+3 0.63-0.69 (red)

ETM+4 0.75-0.90 (near-IR)

ETM+5 1.55-1.75 (mid-IR)

ETM+7 2.09-2.35 (mid-IR)

60m Spatial Resolution

ETM+6 10.4-12.5 (thermal IR)

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Types of Landsat Images (3)

True Color Composite

Color IR image

Standard False Color Image

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True Color Composite (2)

a multispectral image
three visual primary colour bands (red, green, blue), may be combined to produce a “true colour” image.

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Standard False Color Image

A common false colour composite scheme is:

R = XS3 (NIR band) - 4

G = XS2 (red band) - 3

B = XS1 (green band) - 2

The false colour composite scheme allows vegetation to be detected readily in the image

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Panchromatic Image (3)

only one band.
displayed as a grey scale image with a higher spatial resolution.
may be similarly interpreted as a black-and-white aerial photograph of the area.
Can be combined with lower resolution bands to create a pan-sharpened image

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pan-sharpened image

process of merging high-resolution panchromatic and lower resolution multispectral imagery to create a single high-resolution color image.

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MSS

Multispectral Scanner

4 Bands

80m Spatial Res.

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Thematic Mapper

7 Bands

30m Spatial Res.

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ETM

Enhanced Thematic Mapper

7 Bands + 1

30m + 15m Spatial Res.

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IKONOS

1m Spatial Res.

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Quickbird

2.44m + 0.6m Spatial Res.

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Worldview

0.5m Spatial Res.

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Quickbird Bands (True & False Color)

True Color

Band 1 - Blue

Band 2 - Green

Band 3 - Red

False Color

Band 2 - Blue

Band 3 - Green

Band 4 - Red

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Band (3)

range of wavelength
spectral region
channel

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What is Color (2)

reflection of light
specific wavelengths observed that are reflected by an object
ie: light (an electromagnetic wave) in the visible spectrum

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How to Automatically Detect & Distinguish b/w grass & trees? (4)

color (most common)
height (shadow, RADAR, lasers)
temperature
texture

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What gives plants its reflective properties?

Chlorophyl in plants has an affection in NIR bands

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What is a fundamental premise in remote sensing?**

is that we can identify & learn about objects and features on the Earths surface by studying the spectral characteristics of the radiation reflected (and/or emitted) by these features

Interprit images based on colors etc.

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4 types of Resolution

Spatial

Spectral

Temporal

Radiometric

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How do we interpret Images? (7)

color
shape
size
pattern
texture
shadow
site or association

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metadata

data about the data

ie: when it was collected, where it was collected etc.

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layout view

add titles, scales, name etc.

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UTM

universal transverse mercator

the most common coordinate system
Zone Eastings Northings

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Spatial Resolution

the size of each pixel

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Spectral Resolution

of bands

Temporal Resolution

Time it takes to take another image from same spot

Radiometric Resolution

- its ability to discriminate very slight differences in energy - The finer the radiometric resolution of a sensor, the more sensitive it is to detecting small differences in reflected or emitted energy

Overhead view - Advantages (2)

- easy to measure distance - can see over a large area without obstruction from topography

Overhead View - Disadvantages (4)

- interference from atmosphere - limited by cloud cover - limited by resolution - trees get in the way if looking at ground cover

Ways remote sensing images differ from maps (2)

- remote sensing images give us different information (ie: healthy vegetation) - different uses (maps give us different information as well ie: contour lines, more titles and labels)

Common applications for Remote Sensing Images (4)

- land use - vegetation health - topography - structures

Applications - Quickbird vs Landsat

- Quickbird for resolution - Landsat for different Bands

Position wavelengths in order (7)

UV, B, G, R, N/R, thermal, microwave

Why do we see different colors? (2)

- reflection of light at different wave lengths - b/c the way light is reflected & absorbed through different wavelengths in the visible spectrum

Band

- a set region of wavelengths

Spectral Reflectance

- the difference in wavelength that is reflectance - Spectral Signature = fingerprint

Spectral Reflectance Curve

graph of spectral reflectance (plot one!!)

what color is healthy, green vegetation in false color?

red, pink - because chlorophyll in healthy green vegetation has a strong NIR reflectance and in false color it is red

Why is the sky blue?

water molecules in atmosphere reflect blue wavelengths more than any other wavelengths and green and red ones pass right by

What is a fundamental premise of remote sensing?

- we identify features on the Earth's surface by studying the spectral characteristics of the radiation that is reflected by these features **_OR_** - we can identify & learn about objects & features on the Earths surface by studying the spectral characteristics of the radiation reflected (and/or emitted) by these features

Why is Band 6 much fuzzier? (3)

- lower spatial resolution - thermal band - picks up heat & energy emitted from earths features

Why is temporal resolution different?

- swath distance (able to tilt sensors) - most new satellites can tilt - aperture

Why are the orbits of resource satellites sun synchronous?

- see the reflectance in daytime (light) - images acquired @ the same time for consistent data for comparison with past results

Near polar orbit

- for imaging all of the earth (progresses westward) - has a large temporal resolution - 600-800km altitude - take data in the morning due to less cloud cover

Geostationary Orbit

- an orbit that is synchronized with the rotation of the earth in order to collect constant data of a specific area - ~3600km altitude

Digital Image Analysis

1. **Image correction**: geometric correction 2. **Image Enhancement**: contrast enhancement 3. **Image classification: **supervised/unsupervised

Classification

1. similiar features will have similiar spectral responses 2. different features will have different (unique) spectral responses

square kilometers (pixel area)

ex: 30m resolution _# of pixels X 30m X 30m_ ==\> whatever answer is 1,000,000m²

HRG (SPOT)

High resolution Geometric

Is it possible to create a true color composite of SPOT HRG data?

No, the HRG lacks a blue band

Is it possible to create a colour IR composite of SPOT HRG data?

No it is not

State Satellite corresponding: MSS

Landsat 1-6

State Satellite corresponding: ETM+

Landsat 7

State Satellite corresponding: Quickbird

Quickbird

State Satellite corresponding: Aster

Terra

State Satellite corresponding: OSA

IKONOS

OSA

Optical Sensor Assembly

General Application of Landsat 1-6

* collect data over a variety of differetn wavelengths * Land-use planning

General Application of Landsat 7

used to map natural changes on earth such as natural disasters, mineral exploration or deforestation

General Application of Quickbird

Oil & gas exploration

General Application of Aster

producing stero imagery for creating detailed digital terrain models (DTMs)

General Application of OSA

GIS imagery due to 1m spatial res.

wavelengths shorter than ____ are absorbed by atmospheric ozone

0.3 µm

is it possible to use the UV spectrum in remote sensing?

yes, but it is rare

\_\_\_\_\_\_ can work in microwave part of spectrum

RADAR

we call each color layer in a remote sensing image a ______ or a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_

channel spectral band

Remote sensing can detect radiation in as few as ____ band(s) or more than ____ bands

1 200

Midterm #1 Flashcards

(68 cards)