Midterm 1

Question 0

Oligodendrocytes

Answer 0

Forms myelin in the CNS which speeds up transmission of electrical impulses

Question 1

Glial cells

Answer 1

Protect and assist neurons

1. Oligodendrocytes
2. Schwann cells
3. Astrocytes
4. Microglial cells

Question 2

Schwann cells

Answer 2

Myelin sheath in PNS

nodes of Ranvier btwn sheaths

Question 3

Astrocytes

Answer 3

Star shaped with extensions in many directions

Control blood flow to neurons and provides nutrients and removes waste from neurons

Question 4

Microglial Cells

Answer 4

Clean up waste and sites of injury

Question 5

Multiple Sclerosis

Answer 5

Disorder characterized by widespread degeneration of myelin sheath

Question 6

Cerebral Cortex

Answer 6

Outer covering of cerebral hemispheres, consists largely of nerve cell bodies and their branches

Question 7

Gurus

Answer 7

Ridge or raised portion of brain surface

Question 8

Sulcus

Answer 8

Crevice or valley on brain surface

Question 9

Frontal lobe

Answer 9

Front part of brain

MOTOR CONTROL

Question 10

Parietal lobe

Answer 10

Behind frontal lobe

SENSORY INTAKE

Question 11

Temporal lobe

Answer 11

Under frontal lobe

AUDITORY INFORMATION

Question 12

Occipital lobe

Answer 12

Behind temporal and under parietal lobes

VISION

Question 13

Sylvian fissure

Answer 13

Between frontal lobe and temporal lobe. Horizontal

Question 14

Central sulcus

Answer 14

Divides frontal and parietal lobes. Vertical

Question 15

Corpus Callosum

Answer 15

Main band of axons that connect the two hemispheres of the brain

Question 16

Directions

Answer 16

Sagittal plane=bisects body into two halves
Corneal plane=divides body into front and back
Horizontal plane=bisects body at torso
Dorsal=”toward or at the back”
Ventral=”toward or at the belly”
Rostral=head end
Caudal=tail end

Question 17

Grey Matter

Answer 17

Areas of brain that are dominated by cell bodies

Receives and processes information

Question 18

White Matter

Answer 18

Consists mostly of myelin-sheathed axons that lies under the grey matter
Transmits information

Question 19

Basal ganglia

Answer 19

Group of forebrain nuclei

1. caudate nucleus
2. putamen
3. globus pallidus

Question 20

Limbic system

Answer 20

Group of brain nuclei that innervate each other to form a network

Question 21

Amygdaloid

Answer 21

Group of nuclei in temporal lobe

Emotion regulation

Question 22

Hippocampus

Answer 22

Medial temporal lobe structure important for learning and memory

Question 23

Thalamus

Answer 23

Brains ‘traffic cop’, directs incoming sensory info to appropriate regions of cortex for processing and receives info back from cortex to control which sensory info is transmitted.

Question 24

Hypothalamus

Answer 24

Packed with discrete nuclei involved in many vital functions like: hunger, thirst, temp regulation and sex Brains main interface with the hormonal systems of the body

Question 25

Midbrain

Answer 25

Rostral (top) bumps called superior colliculi process VISUAL info Caudal (lower) bumps called inferior colliculi process AUDITORY info

Question 26

Substantial Nigra

Answer 26

Brain stem structure that inner ages the basal ganglia and is the source of release of dopamine

Question 27

Parkinson's disease

Answer 27

Loss of neurons (which release dopamine) in substantia nigra lead to this disease

Question 28

Cerebellum

Answer 28

Structure attached to the dorsal brainstem that is made up of 3 layers of tissue Crucial for motor coordination and control

Question 29

Meninges

Answer 29

``` Three protective membranes 1. Dura matter (outermost) 2. Pia matter (innermost) 3. Arachnoid (btwn the other two,webby) All surround the brain and spinal cord ```

Question 30

Cerebralspinal Fluid (CSF)

Answer 30

Surrounds brain and ventricles | Absorbs shock, provides nutrients and removes waste

Question 31

Ventricles

Answer 31

Filled with CSF | Lateral ventricles produce CSF by filtering blood

Question 32

Blood-Brain barrier

Answer 32

Mechanisms that make movement of substances from blood vessels to brain cells more difficult, capillaries are designed differently Provides brain slightly more protection

Question 33

Central Nervous System

Answer 33

Portion of nervous system that includes the brain and the spine

Question 34

Peripheral Nervous System

Answer 34

Portion of the nervous system that includes all the nerves abs neurons outside of the brain and spins, cord

Question 35

Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 35

No voluntary or conscious control over the actions of the organs in the body

Question 36

Sympathetic Nervous System

Answer 36

Helps prepare body for 'fight or flight' | Consists of sympathetic ganglia and axons that lead to organs

Question 37

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Answer 37

Helps prepare body to 'rest and digest' | Arises from both brain and the sacral parts of the spinal cord