Midterm 1 Flashcards
(158 cards)
1
Q
greek term for athletics
A
athlon which means prize/labour
2
Q
greek term for competition
A
agon (think of agony/pain)
3
Q
what does strife mean
A
struggle
4
Q
greek term for strife
A
eris
5
Q
two kinds of strife
A
evil strife (battle) and good strife (competition and trying to better oneself)
6
Q
first modern olympics date
A
april 6-15 1896
7
Q
first modern olympics place
A
athens, greece
8
Q
what is polythemism
A
many gods! polu = many, theos = god
9
Q
what is anthropomorphism
A
in the shape of humans! anthropos - human, morphe - shape
10
Q
what is theogony
A
system of gods/birth of gods
11
Q
who was hesoid
A
greek poet, active between 70-650 BCE (same time as homer) wrote theogony
12
Q
what does ouranos mean
A
heaven
13
Q
what does gaia mean
A
earth
14
Q
1st generation (origins of the greek cosmos)
A
ouranos + gaia
15
Q
2nd generation (origins of the greek cosmos)
A
titans(kronos+rhea and lapetus+clymene), cyclopes, hundread handers(briareos, cottos, and gyges)
16
Q
3rd generation olympians(origins of the greek cosmos)
A
zeus, poseidon, hades, hestia/demeter/hera
17
Q
3rd generation non olympians; non-titans
A
prometheus, atlas, menoitios, epimetheus
18
Q
who is zeus
A
king of gods, god of sky
19
Q
who is poseidon
A
god of sea
20
Q
who is hades
A
god of underworld
21
Q
what does titanomachy mean
A
battle between titans and olympians
22
Q
what does bie mean
A
force
23
Q
what does metis mean
A
deception
24
Q
who are the children of styx
A
zelos, nike, kratos, bie
25
what does zelos mean
envy
26
what does nike mean
victory
27
what does kratos mean
strength
28
what does bie mean
force/power
29
who was zeus' winning team in the titanomachy
the children of styx
30
what does timê mean
symbolic capital resources available to an individual on the basis of honour, prestige or recognition, and serves as value that one holds within a culture
31
what is the river of styx
immortal death. river that separates the living world and the dead world
32
what is psyche
soul/spirit/ghost not a person
33
what is eidôlon
image
34
what is anthos hebes
bloom of youth
35
"gods are athanatoi" what does this mean?
deathless
36
mortal food
bread, wine
37
immortal food that makes gods immortal
nectar, ambrosia
38
what is a votive
something devoted to a god
39
what is agalmata
statues, makes the gods happy/delight for the gods
40
what is nikandre kore
statue representing the clothed female body.
41
what is kouros
statue of the male body / grave maker
42
what is riace bronzes
two famous full-size Greek bronzes of naked bearded warriors. has iliac furrow aka sex lines!!
43
when were the riace bronzes made
460-450 BCE
44
what does euandria mean
good manliness - male beauty and strength contests
45
what does euexia mean
similar to good manliness but its bodybuilding contests
46
what does symmetria mean
Polyclitus' statues of young athletes, balanced, rhythmical, and finely detailed, were the best demonstration of his principles. AKA comes from symmetry
47
who was polycleitus
greek sculptor of 5th century BCE
48
what did polycleitus sculpt
diadoumenos and doryphoros
49
what is homeric poetry
long tradition of story telling 1200-800BCE
50
who is homer
mythical "author" of the iliad and odyssey. said to be a blind poet
51
who are the key characters in the iliad
achilles, patroclus, agamemnon, odysseus, nestor, ajax
52
who is achilles
best of the achaeans(greeks)
53
what are the achaeans
greeks
54
who is patroclus
achilles best friend
55
who is agamemmnon
leader of the greek amy
56
who is odysseus
one of the other leaders of the greeks
57
who is nestor
wisest and oldest of the greeks at troy
58
who is ajax
second best of the achaeans, known for strength
59
what does geras mean
prize/physical marker of status
60
what does mênis/cholos mean
anger
61
whats a compensation for death and who does this
Achielles is risking his life everyday at war knowing that he is going to die, he is doing it for the sake of timé.
62
what does sêma mean
sign, marker
63
what does mnêma mean
memory
64
whats the double burial rite
burn the body, bury the bones
65
what did they have for patroclus death
funeral games, achilles as distributor
66
what were the prizes of the chariot race (for patroclus' death) (5)
1) a woman faultless in her work and a 22 gallon tripod with handles
2) a mare, 6 years old, unbroken, pregnant with a mule foal
3) beautiful cauldron unfired
4) 2 bars of gold
5) 2 handled bowl unfired
67
in the wrestling match between odysseus and ajax, what techniques do they use
odysseus uses tricky moves, but ajax uses brute force
68
who's responsible for recovering the body of achilles after he dies
odysseus and ajax
69
who gets achilles armour when he dies and why
odysseus because he is smarter than ajax and can outtalk him to convince the greeks that he is better
70
who is the sponsor of odysseus
athena
71
what does athena do to ajax for odysseus
drives him insane, he kills a bunch of sheep therefore he then kills himself
72
what does nostos mean
return home
73
who is odysseus' wife
penelope
74
what island does odysseus get stuck on years after the trojan war
calypso island (7 years)
75
what island does odysseus get shipwrecked on
island of the pheoncians
76
what does kleos mean
fame
77
what does xenia mean
guest-host relations / generosity
78
does odysseus choose kleos(fame) or nostos(going home)? what about achilles?
odysseus chooses nostos, and achilles chooses kleos and dies but his fame lives on
79
what contest did penelope create for the suitors to win her as a bride
whoever can string odysseus bow and shoot an arrow through 12 axes will win penelope as a bride
80
who attempts to string odysseus bow
telemachus
81
who is telemachus
odysseus' son
82
who is hector
prince of troy
83
who ends up stringing odysseus' bow
odysseus
84
who is pindar and what year is he born and dead
poet 518-438BCE.
85
what are the crown games
Olympian, pythian, isthamian, nemean
86
who is tyrtaeus
spartan poet - criticism of athletes and praises soldiers
87
How do you gain social status before social media
through song or through statues
88
who are challengers to zeus?
kronos(father of zeus), and titans
atlas and prometheus
typhoeus
89
who is typhoeus and what is he
non-anthromorphic. zeus defeated him. monster giant.
90
who is atlas
titan who held up the sky.
91
speech at the chariot race
nestor to antilochos:
| after antilochos comes in second, threatens that he will get angry if his prize is taken away
92
cholos
anger at being deprived of a prize
93
ajax vs odysseus in wrestling
bie vs metis. athena trips ajax
94
epinician poetry
poetry sang in praise of victory
95
what was pindar's olympian 1
Praise song for Hieron, Tyrant of Syracuse (Sicily), for victory in horse race in 476 BCE. (Know the passages from lecture on Olympian 1)
96
why did pindar create the olympian 1
Pindar composed the epinikion in honour of his then patron Hieron I, tyrant of Syracuse, whose horse Pherenikos and its jockey were victorious in the single horse race in 476 BC.
97
tradition myths of tantalus and pelops
Tantalus – half-mortal, son of Zeus - Allowed to feast on Nectar and Ambrosia with the gods on Olympus.
• Tantalus kills his son (pelops) and attempts to feed him to the gods (didn’t want an heir)
• Gods recognize Tantalus’ trick, but Demeter accidentally ate a piece of his shoulder.
• Gods put Pelops back together w/ivory shoulder.
• Tantalus Punished in Tartarus (Underworld)
98
" Immediately, an ill intentioned neighbor secretly spread the tale abroad
That the guests had taken a knife and dismembered you, And had thrown your limbs into water As it boiled fiercely over the fire; And then at table, during the final course, They shared your flesh and ate it. As for me, I cannot call any of the blessed gods a cannibal. I stand aside; The slanderous seldom win themselves profit."
Olympian 1.
- Pindar’s version says the gods WEREN’T CANNIBALS and that Tantalus didn’t cutup his son but instead stole, nectar and ambrosia from the gods
- Tantalus was punished to the underworld where he could never reach the fruit on a tree (a consequence for his greed)
99
whats pindar's version of tantalus
- Pindar’s version says the gods WEREN’T CANNIBALS and that Tantalus didn’t cutup his son but instead stole, nectar and ambrosia from the gods
- Tantalus was punished to the underworld where he could never reach the fruit on a tree (a consequence for his greed)
100
first major temple built around 650 BCE (describe it)
temple of hera
- built over black ash layer (indicates intentional ritual destruction and rebuilding
- columns were wood and then replaced by stone
101
temple built around 470-457 BCE
temple of zeus
- constructed funded by spoils of local war between Elis(where olympia is located) and Pisa
- golden bar was dedicated by the spartans on the peak of the gable (after defeating athens in the battle of tanagra that year)
102
elis
where olympia is located
103
stadium of olympia year
games begun 776 bCE
104
Chariot Race of Pelops and Oinomaos for Hippodameia.
Pelops wanted to marry hippodameia and could only do so if he beat the father (oinomaos) in a chariot race
- Pelops bribed the charioteer (1/2 of the kingdom and first night with the girl)
- Pelops wins and throws charioteer into the sea
- Myrtilus curses race of pelops as he falls
- IN PINDAR’S VERSION, PELOPS DOESN’T WIN THROUGH TRICKERY UT THROUGH POSEIDONS POWERS
105
founder of olympic games
pelops
106
Odyssey Bk.8: Odysseus experience xenia (proper guest host relations) at court of Phaeacians.
"As I see it, stranger, you're no good at sports like a real man. You remind me of a master peddling sailor, one who trades from port to port with thoughts for nothing but cargoes and loads and especially for profits. You're no athlete."
107
Philostratus ch. 5:
When the Eleans made sacrifices, as their law requires, the sacrificial offerings were laid ready on the altar, but the fire was not yet applied. The runners were placed a stade (200m) from the altar, before which a priest as judge, stood with a torch. The winner kindled the offering and went forth as Olympic victor.
108
description of hera - pausanias 5.17.1
image of zeus and hera. hera sitting on stone, zeus standing by her with a beard and helmet on his head
109
They ran by these springs, pursuer and pursued-
A great man out in front, a far greater behind-
And they ran all out. This was not a race
For such a prize as athletes compete for,
An oxhide or animal for sacrifice, but a race
For the soul (psyche) of Hector, breaker of horses.
Hector's "Prefuneral games": Homer's Iliad
- Hector was running from Achilles before they fought (life and death race)
o Loser was the sacrificial victim in this case
o Sacrifices were common in athletics (athletes are sacrificial animals because of the energy and training they have to put in to compete)
o Sacrifices at the alter
110
whats dialous and when
double stade(there and back) . 724 BCE
111
whats dolichos and when
distance run. 720 BCE
112
modern marathon
robert browning wrote the poem phideppides(ran for athens)
113
what did phideppides do
ran from marathon to athens and died
114
what two stories did browning combined
1) Herodotus- Pheidippides ran from Athens to Sparta
| 2) Plutarch; Thersippus or Eucles ran from Marathon to Athen declared victory and died.
115
what is Hoplitodromos
Race in armor, double stade, 520 BCE
116
what is balbis
starting line
117
what is hysplex
starting mechanism
118
what year did wrestling begin
708 BCE
119
what year did boxing begin
688 BCE
120
what is systasis
starting stance (wrestling)
121
what is skamma
dirt pit
122
what is triakter - "Thricer"
victor in wrestling
123
what is akoniti
Dustless victory (notion of winners winning before getting to event)
124
what is Himantes
leather straps for gloves
125
what is oxys
thicker, harder straps for increase pain/bloodshed
126
rules for boxing
no rounds; defeat announced by lifting 1 finger.
127
why do spartans not box
to avoid shame in admitting defeat
128
Kreugas and Damoxenos
kreugas dies in wrestling match (and wins)
129
Diagoras of Rhodes(who and year)
Boxing victor,464 BCE. Sons also won
130
“Die now Diagoras!”
after both sons win at Olympia and carry him around the stadium
131
Pan-Kration/Pancration what is it and when was it introduced
was a sporting event introduced into the Greek Olympic Games in 648 BC and founded as a blend of boxing and wrestling but with scarcely any rules
132
two rules of pankration
no biting, no eye-gouging
133
who is arrichion
Pankratist who died for the sake of victory (Philostratus)
| Arrichion as example of Desire (Eros) for Death (Thanatos) for the sake of victory (nikê)
134
what and when was the pentathlon
708 BCE: 5 events- Stadion, wrestling, Jumping (halma), Javelin (akon), diskos/discus
135
halma
jumping/long jump
136
akon
javelin
137
aristotle
Pentathlete = Most Beautiful, strength and speed
138
where was the earlier evidence for diskos
odyssey
139
halteres
jumping weights
140
longest recorded jump
50 + feet – “Beyond the Pit”
141
Townley Discobolus
head turned wrong way in discus/diskos
142
javelin
1.9 m long, bronze tip
143
ankyle
used leather strap to increase distance in javelin
144
Antiphon/Tetralogy
Trial for accidental death from javelin
145
Discobolus of Myron
only have Roman copies. Greek sculpture that was completed towards the end of the Severe period, circa 460-450 BC
146
Amat Victoria Curam
victory loves diligence!
147
4 Horse Chariot Race (Tethrippon) when and what?
680 BCE, 12 laps around horse track (Hippodrome)
148
hippodrome
horse track
149
kampter/nyssa
turning post
150
keles what and when
Horse back race - 648 BCE
151
synoris what and what
2 Horse race - 408 BCE
152
Apene what and when
Mule Cart Race - 500-444 BCE
153
Kalpe what and when
ride and run - 500 -444 BCE
154
Isokrates
"Team of Horses"
155
Alkibiades(person) entered how many chariots in races
7
156
first female victor at olympia
Kyniska, sister of king of Sparta.
157
aristophanes(play writer) wrote what and when
Clouds 423 BCE, revised 420-417 BCE. he is a funny writer.
158
who is strepsiades and what happened to him
father of phidippides. Strepsiades is in debt because of his sons horse racing and turns to Socrates to help him argue out of his debt. (happens in "the cloud" book)
