Midterm 1 Flashcards
(39 cards)
What age of child may be a problem when red flags are drawn .. for example not able to speak
3 years of age
Define the science of human development
- it seeks to understand how and why people of all kinds can change or remain the same over time
What are the 3 crucial elements of human development
- Science
- Diversity
- Connections between change and time
Who was Urie Bronfenbrenner
he was a leader in understanding ecological systems approach
- he believed that deveolopmentallists need to examine all systems surround the development of sac person
what are the systems called that is involved with the ecological systems approach
- microsytsems
- exosystems
- macrosystems
Explain each system in the the ecological model
- Microsystems = a person’s immediate surroundings
- exosystems = a local institutions, such as schools and churches
- macrosystems= larger social setting, including cultural values, economic policies, and political processes
Name the 5 characteristics of development
- Multidirectional
- Multicontectual
- Multicultural
- Multidisciplinary
- Plasticity
what is the understanding of multidirectional preiniciple
- its changes in direction, development is dynamic, not static
- years are analyzed
- a tiny change can have an enormous impact
Explain the multidirectional principle
Humans develop in dozens of contexts that profoundly affect their development
- their physical surroundings
- family patterns
- people born within a few years of one another will have the same values, events, cultures
explain the multicultural principle
- culture affects each human at every moment… culture is so pervasive, people early notice their culture while they are immersed in it
Describe the Multidisiplinary principle
- a broad array of disciplines and cross- cutting tops… each person develops simultaneously in body, mind, and spirit
- development is divided into three domains
- biosocial
- cognitive
- biosocial
- — psychosocial
Describe Plasicity
- developmental problems
- human traits can be molded
- provides hope and realism
What did Freud’s theory include?
- psychosexuall stages
- development occurs in 1st 6 years in 3 stages which can lead to long term effects based on childhood experiences
Name the psychosocial stages that were developed by Freud
- Oral (birth to 1 yr) - mouth is focus of stimulation and interaction = feeding and weaning are central
2. Anal 1-2yrs - anus is focus of stimulation and interaction- elimination and toilet training are central
3. Phallic (3-6 yrs) - genital are focus stimulation- gender role and moral development are central
4. Latency (6-12 yrs) - Period os suspend sexual activity- energies shift to physical and intellectual activities
5. genital ( 12- adulthood) are focus of stimulation with onset puberty - mature sexual relationships develop
Describe the personality structures that freud explained in his psychoanalytic theory
- Id= instinctive nature of humans (pleasure principle)
2. Ego - rational and objective (reality principle) - Superego - internalize moral standards
List some strengths of Freud’s theory
- awareness of unconscious motivation
- emphasized important early experience
Lists some weakness of Freud’s theory
- Ambiguos
- Inconsistent
- not testable
- not supported by research
who developed the behaviorism theory
- John Watson
What was the behavorism theory based on?
- stimulus triggers reaction (classic conditioning )
Explain what classical conditioning is and who was responsible for this
- actions have behavior associated
- stimulus triggers reaction
- Ivan Pavlov is the creator
Explain what operant conditioning is and who was responsible for this
- reward and punishment will increase of decrease behavior
- BF Skinnner is the creator
State the differences between psychoanalytic theory and behaviorism
Psychoanalytic : focuses on childhood , going back to past , dr patient relationship
- Behavorism : looking at responsiveness - external behavior , here and now comparison , look at behavior not child
Social learning theory belongs to who
albert Bandur
describe the social learning theory
- idea of modeling= look, see and do
- people learn from observing others
- addictive behavior based on role modeling
