Midterm 1 Flashcards
Variety
species with stable mutations passed on to progeny;
write var. between species name and variety name in binomial nomenclature
Cultivar
(cultivated variety) species with mutations caused by human intervention;
write cv. at the end
Clones
Plants derived asexually from one individual (start from cutting/ vegetation);
Reproduced to maintain plant characteristics
Lines
Sexually reproduced cultivar (start from seed)
Inbred: self-pollinate
Hybrid: cross of two inbred lines
Lines
Sexually reproduced cultivar (start from seed);
Inbred: self-pollinate
Hybrid: cross of two inbred lines
Xylem
dead at maturity and transports water essentially through a hollow tube;
eventually the xylem becomes full of sap and is no longer used for water transport, then functions in support and forms wood;
embedded within the ground tissue system
vascular tissue
Phloem
sieve tube elements because of the sieve like plates at the end of the cells - they are alive at maturity but are crushed as the plant grows in diameter and must be continually replaced; transport material (sugars, nutrients)
Transpiration
The giving off of water vapor through the stomata
Meristematic Tissue
site of growth in plant; origin of the other tissue type
Apical Meristems
site of primary growth
Lateral Meristems
site of secondary growth
Dermal tissue system
the outer protective covering of the plant
Vascular tissue system
comprises the xylem and phloem - it is embedded within the ground tissue system – xylem forms wood in woody plants
Ground tissue system
the inner supportive tissues of the plant – pith in herbaceous plants
Angiosperm
Angiosperm Covered seed Flowering plants Fruit Seasonal Flat leaves Hard Wood Largest group of plants (divided into monocots and dicots)
Gymnosperm
Gymnosperm Naked seed Seed-producing plants Evergreen Scalelike needles Soft Wood Cones
Stratification
Process in which seed dormancy is broken by mimicking natural conditions; usually through temperature and moisture
Dioscorides
Wrote “De Materia Medica”: book with medicinal plants and illustrations that was used for years after written and on which modern botanical books are based on;
Knew of 500-600 herbal medicines
Was a physician for the Romans during war times and used poppy for dulling pain
Participatory ethnobotanical research
Participate with the people and have them get involved with your research
Integrated Knowledge System more participatory approach to research
Voucher Specimine
Permanent records of plants by a certain community that are easily recognizable, preserved and maintained in good condition, thoroughly documented, and readily accessible to institution.
Quasi-cultivation
Method of sustainable utilization of natural populations by intervention in propagation and harvesting
(Certain woody species that naturally grow in understory of forest are so touchy/sensitive, take a while for seeds to germinate, do poorly in greenhouse. Legally- people find patches of the crop, get rid of weeds around it, and then cultivate the patches in their natural surroundings, nurture them, fertilize them or pull out the roots, clean it up, then replant it)
Ethnobotany
originally defined as study of plants used by primitive and aboriginal people;
more contemporarily defined as the study of the interactions of plants and people, including the influence of plants on human culture
William Withering
The English botanist who discovered digitalis through his work with Foxglove. Also wrote a book on influential British flora based on Linnaean taxonomy.
Growth Habit
Refers to the genetic tendency of a plant to grow in a certain shape and to attain a certain mature height and spread
