Midterm 1 Flashcards

Question

Correlational Research Overview

Answer 1

Looks at behaviors, thoughts, intentions Often measured with surveys Examination of relationships (2 DVs) What things go together EX: PTSD symptoms and depression?

Answer 2

Good for measures of IQ, personality, psychological functioning, internal states Quick data collection Correlational methodology allows for examination of multiple relationships among variables

Answer 3

Overlap w/ Descriptive Research Lack of causal claims Cannot answer why these variables are related Can only describe the relationship – not whether one variable causes the other

Answer 4

Naturalistic Observations Watch typical behaviors Natural context Little or no intrusions by researcher

Answer 5

Hidden Observer Passive Observer Participant Observer

Answer 6

Event Sampling Individual Sampling Time Sampling

Answer 7

Excellent for idea generation - Important to go in with an open mind Can test lab based theories and findings Ecological Validity -Context, content, individuals, behavior reflect real applied situation

Answer 8

``` Limited control over sample Limited control over context Difficult to infer causality Have to wait for infrequent situations Measurement is difficult Ethical limits ```

Answer 9

- For unaware participants - No consent - No control - Responsibility of involvement/ manipulating environment

Answer 10

Public is considered open for all to observe Private is limited with respect to consent

Answer 11

In depth Unusual/unique conditions More applied focus

Answer 12

Case study Qualitative data collection

Answer 13

Different from Case Study – - Systematic intervention with a single individual - Measurable outcome - Clear IV/DV Many participants at the same time w/ own chart or Multiple baseline for independent behaviors in same person

Answer 14

Research in which the long-term gain in knowledge outweighs the costs incurred by the participants in the study and/or society at large. includes: treatment of participants with respect and dignity keeping subjects informed of the reasons for their participation in your research dealing honestly with the collection, analysis and presentation of data

Answer 15

Right to privacy Right to safety (mental & physical) Control

Answer 16

Benefit of research, Right to know

Answer 17

Study description - purpose, expected duration, procedures Description of risks or discomforts benefits Description of how confidentiality will be maintained (Differentiate between Anonymous & Confidential) If questions/concerns identify contact person(s) Statement regarding the voluntary nature of participation & right to withdraw without no penalty or loss

Answer 18

The Committee must approve a waiver of the requirement to document informed consent. A waiver of written consent might be granted in the case where: (a) the risk to the subject is minimal; OR (b) use of primary procedures for obtaining consent would invalidate important research objectives; OR (c) where alternative means would be less advantageous to the subjects.

Answer 19

Determine effectiveness of deception and Inform Participant of “Real Study” Provide information about deception points Explain the “real goal” of the study tickets and the design. Be sure all questions/concerns are addressed. Participant leaves with a debriefing form

Answer 20

Responsibility of scientist to inform society of research results communicate results in understandable terms not overstate magnitude of finding place findings in context of current research findings

Answer 21

process of assigning numerical value to an observation.

Answer 22

``` Process of turning a conceptual variable (love) into measured variables (# kisses; increase in heart rate); ``` this process= operational definition.

Answer 23

- describe nominal (named) data; groups - distinguish members of a sample or population but imply nothing more than that they are different. 1=male 2=female provide gross discrimination/ broad categories cannot describe observation in relative terms

Answer 24

distinguish members of a sample or population based upon some kind of value hierarchy, (rank ordering); groups only know about the variable’s magnitude relative to one another 1= highest GPA 2=next highest GPA More informative than nominal scales less precise than interval or ratio cannot determine the amount of difference from one number to another

Answer 25

Includes aspects of Ordinal scales, AND distances between numerical values of the measured variable are equal Continuous variable Example: temperature; personality; SAT scores HOWEVER Interval scales lack an absolute zero point - Zero simply another point on the scale

Answer 26

like interval scales; continuous variable 10 correct answers is twice as many as 5 correct answers (not so w/interval scale) nonarbitrary 0 ``` EX: Time, age, weight, errors, length # of responses made ```

Answer 27

Types of scales - nominal/ordinal/interval/ratio

Answer 28

IV – categorical (IV divided into groups) DV – interval/ratio/continuous scale IV/DV – comparing Groups (categorical) on outcome (score on self report or # of times smoked)

Answer 29

2 or more variables on interval or ratio scales DV (score on depression inventory) correlated with DV (# of negative life events)

Answer 30

true-false yes/no rating scale - Likert; Interval or Ratio Scales POS: score assigned objectively & reliably NEG: limited information - only info about specific variable choices may not include participant’s preferred response

Midterm 1 Flashcards

(54 cards)