Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Sheep And Goat ANSC 355 > Midterm #1 > Flashcards

Midterm #1 Flashcards

(211 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q 
Sheep terms
Female-
Male- 
Offspring- 
Immature ewe
Male castrate-
Group
How many chromosomes
A 
Female= ewe
Male= ram
Offspring= lamb
Immature ewe= hogget or ram lamb
Male castrate= wether 
Group= flock 
Chromosomes= 54
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the product from sheep

A

Wool ( Southern Hemisphere)
Meat ( Northern Europe)
Milk ( Mediterranean )
Skins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Sheep birth weight

A

3-20 lbs average 8-10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

When to wean sheep

A

6 weeks on farm, 4-5 months on range

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When are sheep mature and how long do they live

A

2 years

Live 8-10 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the types of wool?

A

Fine ( merino)
Coarse
Crossbred wool
Hair breeds will shed their coat annually

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the types of meat

A

Lamb or mutton ( over 2 years)

As a carcass or live animal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Milk type

A

Whole milk in Africa Asia

Cheese in Mediterranean ( feta, roqueforte)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Sheep skin

A

With the wool removed ( Napa)
Without the wool removed ( shearling for clothing and rugs)
Karakul- Persian lamb skins
Coloured pelts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Types of breeds of sheep 4 types

A

Wool sheep
Dual meat and wool or milk
Meat sheep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q 
Kingdoms sheep and goat
Phylum
Class
Super order 
Order
Suborder
Family
Subfamily
Genus
Species
A 
Animalia 
Chordata
Mammalian
Ungulates
Artiodactyla
Ruminatia 
Bovidae
Caprinae
Ovis  Capra
Aries  aegagrus
-subspecies hircus ( goat ) 
Sheep ovis Aries 
Goat Capra hircus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How many types of breed of sheep

A

~200

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Name a breed and origin of sheep

A 
Suffolk ( British) meat
Romney (British) dual 
Rambouillet (French) dual
Merino (Spanish) wool
Hampshire (British ) meat
Columbia (USA) dual
Canadian ARCOTT ( Canada) meat
Rideau ARCOTT (Canada ) dual milk
East friesian (friesian) milk 
Poll Dorset ( British ) meat
Katadhin ( USA) meat and hair
Karakul pelts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Other sheep breeds

A

Big horn sheep
Dall sheep
Mouflon ( Iran Cyprus )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Domestication of the sheep

A

When 11000 BC
Where south west asia
Who mouflon ( tail)
Why food meat and milk and wool/ pelt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Sheep changes in domestication

5

A 
Development of tails
Polled sheep 
Fleece without hairy outer coat
Large colour variation 
Body size and horn size
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Undesirable traits from domestication of sheep

A

Body folds and dark wool

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Teeth/ aging sheep and goat

A 
Bottom jaw
6 rear molars 
6 pre molars
8 incisors 
Top jaw 
Dental pad
6 rear molars
6 premolars
Sheep is a grazer ( clip vegetation near ground) 
Lamb has full baby teeth 
1 year - 2
2 year - 4
3 year -6
4 year 8 plus wear and tear
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q 
Goat terminology 
Female 
Male 
Offspring
Immature goat
Male castrate
Group 
Chromosomes
A 
Doe ( nanny ) 
Buck (Billy's) 
Kids
Doeling and buckling 
Wether
Herd or trip 
60 chromosomes 
Goat is a browser
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Birth weight goat
Wean
Weaning weight

A

6-9lbs
Wean 90-120 days
35-60lbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Goat is phenotypically different from sheep (5)

A
  • short upturned tail
  • horned ( most)
  • different horn position ( closer up and back)
  • wider head
  • beards
  • hair
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Products

A 
Meat
Horns
Hides
Fibre
Labour
Milk
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Breeds of goats and where, what

A 
Alpine ( French alps) dairy 
Saanen ( Swiss) dairy 
Nubian ( britian ) dairy/ dual
LaMAncha (Spain) dairy 
Boer ( South African ) meat
Angora ( Asia) fibre ( mohair) 
Cashmere (Asia) fibre/ meat
Pygmy ( west Africa) cute
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Other goat species

A

Ibex
Tur
Makhor
Bexoar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Types of goat antelope
Chamois | North American mountain goat
26
Goat sheep types
Tahrs Goral Serous Bharal blue sheep
27
``` Goat domestication When Where Who Why ```
``` 11000 BC Turkey stans Bezoar Meat, wool, milk Bezoar was in family groups, took to leadership, prolific, easy to bond and self sufficient , eat variety of feed ```
28
How did goats change in domestication ( 5)
- shorter limbs and body size - polled ( 3000BC) - large colour variation - blunt horns curved in - pendulum ears
29
Horns
Tools Weapons Protect skull Heat regulator
30
Polled goats explain
Dehorning is common Wild type is horned and linked to sexual development Polled is dominant Pp is intersex female and or sterile male Don't breed homozygous polled
31
Goat hooves
3rd and 4th digit with 2nd and 5th as remnant toes | They can clamp and spread
32
Goat is a ____
Browser ( eats stems, bark)
33
Sheep and goat eyes
They are elongated to see 330 degrees vision
34
Geep
Goat sheep hybrid | Has odd chromosomes and both sexes are sterile
35
Advantages to sheep management (4) Disadvantages (3)
``` 2 crops per year ( wool and lambs) - multiple births - short gestation - 3lambing/ 2 years - rapid growth rate Disadvantages - predators - weather - labour ```
36
Range flock Advantage (3) disadvantage ( 6)
- large numbers of sheep on pasture - late spring lambing - weaning in fall - late fall breeding - market or feedlot lambs - supplemental feeding with shelter for wintering on range - guard animals - fencing - based on kg lamb/ ewe/ year Advantages - low cost - profit to land - can eat leafy spurge Disadvantages - predators - parasites - malnutrition - low market price - high mortality - fresh water
37
How much does a ewe need | Lactating and not
Lactating 6.5 L/day | Not lactating 4.5L/day
38
When would you use rotational grazing and why (2)
In a range flock | - to decrease parasite load and increase grazing pasture
39
When to wean range flocks
Market time 32kg, if they are not big enough drench and feed hay/concentrate Shear before or after lambing
40
Farm flocks | Types
Semi confinement Total confinement - need to control temp, humidity, lighting, hormones, want multiple births and to raise the lambs artificially 2 lambing/ewe/year
41
Importance for confinement managements
``` Breed selection and controlling environment and diet Meat breeds predominate - want multiple births - low mortality - optimal growth rate ```
42
Advantages and (3)disadvantages to confinement (1)
- operation optimized for production and profit - acellerated lambing - out of season breeding Dis - input costs are high ( need 250 head for cost)
43
Where is dairy most popular
BC, AB ONT | The east friesian milk si most common, may us Rideau Arcott
44
How much milk comes from a lactation from sheep
500-700 kg at 6-7 milk fat
45
Advantages to raising goats and disadvantages
- high reproductive rate with shortgestation 3 kid crops/ 2 year - rapid growth rate of kids - predation - weather - labour
46
Types of management for goats
All confinement/ dry lot Pasture Combination
47
What is an eye dog
``` They stare down sheep to move the sheep closer to the Shepard - border collie - longer fur - black and white or red/white True eye dogs don't crouch ```
48
What is a hunterway
- dogs that move the sheep away from the shepherd - more colour and breed variation - short fur - deep bark
49
Types of dog shows
- high country single hunt away - low land two dog collect - st dogmaels sheep dog trial
50
Guardian breeds
``` Akbash Anatolian Shepard Great Pyrenees Komodor Kuvasz Maremma Theses dogs should want to stay and protect the flock, ```
51
Management of guardian dogs
- place with sheep as puppies - fed twice a day - allow bond with sheep but also escape - don't allow human bonding but do have control of dog
52
Other types of guardian animals
Donkey, alpaca, llama
53
What is the first goal of livestock operations
Reproduction - it has the greatest influence on efficiency and profitability "The creation of new wealth "
54
Ovaries
Primary sex organs | - produce ova, estrogen, progesterone
55
How many ova does a ewe ovulate
3-4 follicles ( 1-2 in Romney )
56
Oviducts
- lead form the uterus to ovaries - end is flared to catch the ova ( infidibulum) - ciliates with hairs - site of fertilization
57
Uterus
- two horns and a body | - inner lining contains cotyledons ( 70-150) with caruncles
58
Cervix
- neck of the uterus - thick walled and muscular - closed except at estrus and parturition Pregnant ewe secretes a mucus plug
59
Vagina
- female organ of copulation - tubular in shape Semen deposited at anterior end - passage way for the fetus at parturition
60
Vulva
- external genital organs of the ewe, passage whay for reproductive and urinary system - vestibule
61
Clitoris
- erectile organ of ewe | - sensory nerves
62
Broad ligament
- supporting tissue Suspends ovaries, oviducts and uterus Blood vessels and nerves pass through it
63
Mammary gland and ligaments
- nourishment and survival of the newborn - 2 mammary glands - one teat on each - udder supported by suspension ligaments - produces colostrum and milk
64
Testes
- primary organs - produce sperm and testosterone - large compared to body size
65
Scrotum
- two lobed sac that encloses the testes | - AIDS in temperature control
66
Epididymis
- external duct leading from the testis for sperm transport, concentration and maturation and storage - approx 100 feet uncoiled
67
Vas deferens
- duct from the epididymis to urethra | - enlarged end is the ampullae, when a portion is removed it is a vasectomy
68
Urethra
- duct for both Uriel and semen | - during ejaculation sperm will mix with accessory gland secretion
69
Accessory glands
Vesicular Prostate Cowpers ( bulboureathral )
70
Penis
- male organ of copulation - sigmoid flexure Gland penis is the free end that has erectile tissue supplied with sensory nerves - Filioque appendage ( not in bucks) - prepuce and sheath
71
Why do bucks smell
They have scent glands behind their horns that they spray themselves with so the does are attracted to them . This may taint the goat milk
72
Cryptochid
- one or both of the testicles do not descend - if both then the buck is infertile - if one then there is reduce fertility - there will still be secondary sexual characteristics due to testosterone
73
Estrus sheep How long How do you know
Ewe receptive for 30 hours - need a ram to show signs - ewe will seek ram, ram will do flehmann reaction - she will swish her tail and there will be slight swelling of the vulva
74
Silent heat
No signs of heat ewes
75
Estrus doe
``` Receptive for 18-24 hours - need a buck for signs Doe will seek male Flehmann reaction Tail waggin Slight swelling of vulva and mucous Bleating Urination close to the buck ```
76
Ovulation sheep when to AI
Occurs at the end of estrus - AI breed 9-12 hours after onset of estrus - ovulation is highest within the breeding season and lower out of season
77
Goat ovulation when to AI
12-36 hours AI after onset of estrus
78
Fertilization | Life of ova and sperm
Union of the ova and sperm in oviduct Ova- 5-8 hour Sperm- 24 hours
79
Estrus cycle sheep and goat
- time between adjacent estrus 16-17 days in ewes 19-22 days in does - regulated by hormones - interrupted by pregnancy
80
``` Puberty for sheep Rams Ewes Influence Weight ```
Ram 5-6 months Ewe 6-10 months First estrus accompanies by ovulation is puberty but does not denote sexual maturity - influenced by inheritance, nutrition, date of birth - 68% of adult
81
Puberty in goats Doe Buck Weight
Doeling 6-8 months Buck 3.5 months ( wean early ) Breed at 60% of mature weight
82
Anestrous | 3 types in sheep
Reproductive inactivity 1. Seasonal 2. Lactating 3. Postpartum
83
Factors effecting fertility | 6
``` Heredity Age of puberty Age of ewe Effects of light, temperature and season Influence of size Nutrition ```
84
``` Heredity on fertility Name high fecundity breed What is normal fertility Low fecundity and what gene Goats ```
``` High Finnish landrace 3-5 lambs Booroola merino 3-5 Rideau Arcott 2.5 lambs Normal fertility is 1-3 Low is 1 lamb from Romney , Awassi Inverdale gene Goats have high fecundity ```
85
Age of puberty on fertility
Breed as ewe lambs 6-10 months - decrease non productive feed cost and shortens generation interval Select for early puberty
86
Age of ewe
Reproductive rate greater in 3 year olds
87
Effect of light, temp, season on fertility
Light= sexual receptivity Light : dark breeding ration in fall Too hot or cold will effect fertility, embryo surviva and development August to January with peak in October to November 10-12 hours light
88
Influence of size on fertility
Big sheep have more kids, lambs but the maitence requriements are higher
89
Nutrition on fertility
Needs to maintain good condition, not fat | Increase lambing percentage by flushing
90
Does flushing work in goats
NO
91
What type of breeders are sheep and goat
Polyestrus seasonally | Short day breeders
92
What happens to the breeding season of sheep in warmer climates
Less seasonally effected
93
Short breeders sheep September to Jan | Goats
``` Northern European sheep Columbia Cheviot Leicester Corriedale ---- Toggenburg Saanen Alpine LaMancha ```
94
Extended season breeders ( August to March )
Suffolk | Hampshire
95
Long day breeders July to March 8 months Sheep and goats
``` Merino Rambouillet Dorset Finn ---- goat Pygmy Nubian Boer ( South African ) July to April ```
96
Sheep have how many lambs and at what percent do you want
1-3 usually | Want 200% lambing
97
What is the lambing percent equation
lambs born / # of ewes exposed *100
98
How to flush a ewe
2-3 weeks prior to breeding feed .5-1.4 lbs more of grain BCS at 3 when breeding Doesnt work on high fecuditiy breeds ( Finn 3-5 lambs )
99
How to BCS
Palpate muscle, fat and skeleton with animal standing relaxed Locate the 13th rib Feel the rib, loin eye and back bone and short ribs
100
When to BCS (4)
Pre breeding Mid gestation Parturition Weaning
101
Sheep male to female rations Ram to ewe and ram lamb to ewe Do you want competition
1 ram to 30-50 ewes 1 ram lamb to 15-25 ewes Rams will fight so no old and young Rams together , completion ensures coverage
102
Goat ratio Buck to does How early Want competition
1 mature buck to 50 does Wean early 3 months No competition
103
Why manipulate breeding
For out of season breeding | And estrus synchronization
104
How does reducing the day length effect the ewe. | How far do you want to change the day length prior to breeding
Tricks the pineal gland into thinking its out of season - 8 hours of dark 6-8 weeks before breeding or 12 in June - continue the lighting over breeding
105
What effect does the lighting have on the Rams | 3
Greater testicle size Improves libido Better semen quality
106
How does temperature effect breeding
High temperature decreases embryo survival and sperm quality
107
Ram ratio for out of season breeding
1 ram to 10 ewes
108
Light regulation for does for out of season breeding How long Why
18-20 hours of light for 2 months , then switch to the short day light for fall conditions - progesterone will improve
109
Progesterone | 2 instruments for implant
Is a hormone that inhibits the pituitary from releasing FSH and LH and ovulation - can be used in sponges or CIDR
110
CIDR-G Name - how long is it implanted - how long after removed is estrus - how is it used with what hormone
Controlled intravaginal drug releasing device - implanted 12-14 hours - estrus 48-60 hours after removed - used in non breeding season with equine chorionic gonadotropin get to stimulate female to cycle and improves the ovulation
111
Sheep gestation | Goat
147 days for sheep | Goats 150 days
112
Types of laming programs | 4 types
1 lamb crop per year Phase lambing Accelerated lambing 3 per 2 5 star system
113
1 lamb crop per year - who - where
New producers | On range
114
Phase lambing How many How
Ewes have 1 lambing per year but with different breeding groups different times of the year for better prices
115
Accelerated lambing How many How (3) When
``` This is an intensive system Lambing to breeding interval is 8 months - hormonal and light regulation - breed extended season -wean early - 3 per 2 year ```
116
Star system 5 points What are the groups How What do you want
``` 5 crops per 3 years - very intensive Lambing to breeding 7.3 months Lambing all year round and breeding All twins 3/5 breedings are out of season 1. Breeding and pregnant ewes 2. Lambing or lactating ewes and their lambs 3. Growing lambs ```
117
What is ram power mean
The ram is genetically half the flock
118
Soundness of the ram (3) things that will effect mating
Lameness Impaired vision Poor BCS
119
What BCS do you want a ram
Ram young 3-3.5 Mature ram 3.5-4 BCS 8 weeks prior to breeding - maintain after breeding don't forget them
120
How long before breeding to purchase new ram | Why
8-10 weeks - isolate for 2-3 weeks for illness And integrate slowly to other Rams or all at once in a little pen for no bunting room
121
Scrotal circumfrece confers 4
- more sperm - more mating ability - multiple offspring - highly heritable -correlated negatively with female puberty 33+ cm for purebred 36+ for mature Rams No guidelines for bucks +25
122
What is a riding harnesss
Chalk monitor for mating | - check ram for sores
123
How does hot weather effect the ram
Over 32C - damages semen - decrease libido - decrease serving capacity - decrease scrotal circumference - may cause infertility Must provide shade
124
What to look for when selecting a ram
- farms health status - size, muscle - SC 30+ - good feet - good eyes - good teeth - moderate size head - full hind quarters - good fleece - of twins or triplets
125
How to check the testicles of a ram and prepuce
- sit the ram on his rump - palpate - should be large and firm with no bumps in epididymis - equal size and move freely - check the penis moves freely in the prepuce
126
Characteristics to look for in semen | And how to collect
- % abnormal spermatogonia - clear/ watery to thick cream Collect with a teaser ewe and artificial vagina and electro ejaculation
127
Reproductive problems is Rams
Bucellosis ovis Posthitis or pizzle rot Testicular hypoplasia
128
Testicular hypoplasia
Ram | - small testicles
129
Brucellosis ovis
Ram - bacterial venereal disease not common in Canada - causes open ewes, abortions, weak lambs at birth , decrease number of lambs born per ewe Longer lambing season Pathology - mass within the tail of epididymis
130
Posthitis
Pizzle rot in Rams - inflammation of prepuce unable to protube penis - will cause a lack of interest in breeding Caused by - feeding excessive protein - due to the high level of ammonia in the urine Alkaline and damaging to tissues Goats get this too but more in the Wethers
131
Goat buck disease
Gynecomastia Prosthitis Sperm granulomas Testicular hyperplasia
132
Gynecomastia
Rudimentary teats engorge with milk - testes will function normally - susceptible to mastitis Buck
133
Sperm granulomas
Buck - blockage of tubular duct and back up of sperm - rupture and the immune system recognize the foreign mass of scar tissue and cause the granulomas - they become sterile
134
Factors affecting when sheep are bred
``` Availability of pasture - local weather condition Labour and time restraints Market Early lambing - for low parasite load - lambs arrive with good grass System type Late lambing - to avoid weather ```
135
What is simple inheritance
One trait influenced by one gene
136
Qualitative inheritance
Dominant and recessive
137
Complex inheritance
Trait is influenced by several genes and the environment with continuous variation
138
Horns inheritance
Variation in size, shape and rate of development Jacob sheep have 2,4,6 horns Polled is dominant Sex influenced in merino, Rambouillet, and crosses
139
Traits influencing production | 5 with 10 defects
``` Reproduction Growth Fleece traits Carcass traits Defects - lethal - jaw defects - wool blindness - skin folds - cryptorchidism - entropion - hernia -Rectal prolapse - horns, scurs - coloured fleece ```
140
Traits reproductive
Ovulation rate Fertility Prolificacy Survival rate
141
Growth
``` Birth weight Weaning weight Rate of gain Yearling rate Age of puberty ```
142
Fleece traits
Important to range producers | High heritability
143
Carcass traits
``` Multifactorial Difficult to measure - fat depth Loin eye area - percent lean ```
144
Lethal deformities
- cleft palate - dwarfism - H airlessness - muscle contracture - paralysis - amputee
145
Jaw defects
- jaw too long , too short ( parrot mouth ) | - bottom not touching top mouth
146
Wool blindness
Open face better for producers, must crutch wooly face
147
Skin folds
Merino | - problems at shearing and highly heritable
148
Cryptochidism
- simple recessive but problem for breeders
149
Entropion
- turned up eyelid that irritates the cornea to cause excessive tearing
150
Hernia
- scrotal and umbilical | - inheritable and muscle weakness
151
Outcrossing
Purebreeding Mating unreleated animals together ( how far back is a question
152
Crossbreeding
Combing 2 or more breeds | Advantages with heterosis and complementarity
153
Heterosis | Advantages
Offspring perform better then purebred Improves traits with low heritability - increase fertility , hardiness and growth 3.2 increase in birth weight
154
2 breed rotational cross
2/3: 1/3 at equilibrium | - individual heterosis and maternal heterosis
155
3 breed rotational cross
5/32:9/32:18/32 14%: 29%: 57% - uses crossbred dams for maternal and individual heterosis And complementary for choosing mates that compensate for others weak points Rambouillet for range and mothering and Hampshire for meat
156
Embryonic mortality parameter
First 4 weeks is 20-30% high
157
Reproductive trait heritability
Low .06 - more environment and only expressed in one gender - discrete phenotype at maturity
158
Phenotype
Genotype+ environment
159
Factors effecting ewe fertility
Genetics Nutrition Management
160
Poor nutrition one ewe reproduction
``` - irregualr cycles Reduce ovulation Weak offspring Pregnancy toxaemia Reduce twinning GnRH and LG output affected by increase in food intake Correlated the lamb survival Over fed causes difficult lambing ```
161
Prolific sheep ewe
Rideau Arcott 250% | Merino 110% NOT PROLIFIC
162
Genetic Mutation for fertility
Booroola gene and inverdale gene
163
Booroola gene
May cause increases litter size in merino to 450% to increase ovulation and litter size BMPR1B originated in the Garole sheep
164
Inverdale gene
- improve fertility - can cause abnormal embryos - can cause larger litter size BMP15 From the Romney located on X chromosome , homozygous will cause sterility due to ovarian hypoplasia - increase litter size may cause decrease embryo survival, increase lamb mortality , low birth weight
165
Gestation doe and ewe
5 months | Last 3rd is the most growth of the fetus
166
Crutching
Prior to lambing | Remove the excess wool around the face and udder and rear as the lamb may suck on a dag ( string of wool)
167
Pregnancy check list 4 plus explain
Nutrition - don't over feed ewe - identify poor grain years and feed accordingly Boosters and vaccines - clostridial diseases one month prior to lambing as the toxins cause death Deworming - bottle jaw, diarhea, anemia, deworm 6 weeks prior to lambing or do fecal egg count, this is a teratogen Lambing facilities 2 weeks before - 6 by 6 pen move 1-2 days after bonding 0C, have creep area and some heat, - creep, minerals, salt - Coccidostat, rumensin - supplies; snare, stomach tube, syringes, vit A,D,E, selenium, electrolyte, 50% dextrose
168
Clostridial disease
``` Prefringens- lamb dysentery Enterotoximia - bloody scours , pulpy kidney Chauvoie- black leg Septicum- malignant edema Tetani- tetanus ```
169
Caseous lymphadenitis
Pregnant ewe problem Cheesy gland due to Corynerbacterium pseudomonits - abscesses that transmit through shearing so start with young and move to old
170
Re-occurence of worms | How to improve
- under dosing - returning sheep to contaminated pasture - resistant parasite To improve - follow label - weigh - identify parasite - reduce feed - Dry lot while shedding
171
Pregnancy diagnosis
Abdominal palpations | Ultrasonography ( day 45-90) with flank sector scanner or intrarectal linear array (35-55)
172
Prolapse vagina
Vagina turns inside out due to straining - cannot urinate and permenantely damage vagina and rectum - 40% chance of reoccurrence - weakened muscle of vagina wall Hormonal changes cause relaxing of pelvic ligaments
173
Factors influencing prolapse vagina and how to control
1. Genetic (saanen) 2. Overweight 3. Multiple offspring 4. Nerve damage ( improper use of docking iron) Control - suture close - monitor for lambing and untie - cull at lambing
174
Pregnancy toxaemia
- twin lamb disease, ketosis In the last trimester of pregnancy in sheep or in the first four weeks of lactation - insufiecient glucose due to fetuses growing very rapidly and multiple fetuse and poor feed and milk quantity Signs - not eating - isolated and weak - appears blind, acetone breath Death in 2-10 days Treat with propylene glycol, cortisol steroids, aborts the lambs
175
Hypocalcemia
Dairy goats with low blood calcium in the last 6 weeks of pregnancy or 1st week of lactation due to stress - weather, moving, nutritional change Symptoms - stiff and uncoordinated, trembling and death Causes - inadequate blood calcium due to fast growing kids and milk requirement Treatment - 20% calcium injection recovery immediate
176
10 days to lambing
Udder begins to fill, teats swell
177
2 days to lambing
Body temperature decrease 0.5C
178
Hours from lambing
Ewe stops eating and isolates from the flock
179
Lambing signs
- straining, water bag appears ( chorioallantois ) - wet fleece - few minutes to lamb complete in 30 min max
180
``` Kidding signs Weeks 4-10 days Hours Kidding ```
``` Weeks- udder fills 4-10 days elongation of vulva Hours- restlessness/ lying down and getting up Kidding 30minutes to 2 hours for multiple kids ```
181
Assistance at parturition signs
- must cup the hooves and rotate the lamb in the uterus | - may be due to incorrect presentation such as multiple legs, only one leg and a head
182
Dystocia
1. The doe or ewe has been straining for 30 minutes or more 2. Lamb is stuck 3. Abnormal presentation obvious Help if needed, be quiet and gentle and clean and only pull with contraction
183
Supplies for lambing | What to check
``` Beta dine scrub Lubricant Shoulder length sleeve Pail of warm water Colostrum Ropes ( loop above the fetlock or around ears and jaw Check - the lamb is breathing Clear nostrils and mouth of mucous Rub chest vigourosly and place in front of ewe ```
184
Oversized lambs
These are common with singletons or ewe lamb | May require a gental pull to a c-section , may require rotation
185
Prolapse uterus
``` Generally follow a difficult birth Treatment - clean - push back in - elevate Complication - sunburn - rupture artery - tearing ```
186
Retained placenta
- treatment not necessary unless sign of illness - penicillin - higher incidence may be problems with selenium and vitamin e in diet
187
Metritis
``` Sever infection of uterus - follows a retained placenta Common in does Signs - fever - depression - decreased appetite - smelly dark red vaginal dishcharg ```
188
Emphysematous foeti
``` Dead lambs retained in uterus due to inappropriately opened cervix and enter bacteria, lamb rot Symptoms - depression -death - remove lambs and give penicillin - euthanize ```
189
3 types of mastitis
``` Staphaloccous - blue bag, anytime in lactation - ewe will look sick - udder is cold and swollen - ewe survives but the udder will turn black and fall off Pasteurella - udder is hot, swollen and painful - anytime in lactation - abscess is udder Hard udder - ewe doesn't look sick - udder hard at birth with no milk - due to virus ```
190
Detection of mastitis | Action
``` Bacterial - depression - reluctant to walk - lame - fever - won't let her lamb nurse - weak/ dead lambs Hard udder - ewe not Ill - not painful Action - cull and bottle feed lambs and treat with penicillin Or strip the infection ```
191
Newborns
- should stand within 20 minutes and move to the udder and have colostrum within 2 hours
192
Colostrum
``` First milk Can freeze in 50mL quantities from 6 months Must thaw and warm slowly not to kill the proteins and immune cells Stomach tube into weak lambs 50ml per kg body weight = 200-250ml - antibodies for the first 6weeks - enzyme inhibitors Nutrients - vitamins - maternal lymph cells - growth factors ```
193
Starvation
#1 killer of lambs next to cold weather - doesn't get started - no bond - mastitis - teat to large/low - not enough milk
194
When to foster
- rejection of lamb - weak lambs - too many lambs - illness/ death By - bottle feed milk replacer and cross foster in lamb pens and use lamb skin - get the border collie to ewe the ewe - tie the ewe to prevent the ewe from turning stanchion
195
What is the mortality rate of the lamb in the first week
8-10%
196
What is a healthy lamb
Fat Content Stretch Warm mouth and strong sucking reflex
197
Hypothermia
Revived by warmth 37-40C 2 oz warmed colostrum 25% dextrose
198
Drip the navel of a lamb
Iodine
199
Lamb scours
From stress and over feeding colostrum | Or poor milk replacer or mixing or poor water
200
Lamb pneumonia
Stress | Drafts and poor ventilation
201
Joint ill
``` Navel infection And inadequate colostrum intake Symptom - lame and swollen joints Treatment difficult and poor prognosis ```
202
Coccidiosis
``` - parasitic disease Causing scours and blood Stress and over crowding Treat with electrolytes Best treatment is prevention Resevoir is manure ```
203
White muscle disease
Selenium and vitamin e deficiency | - painful muscles
204
Orf ( mouth sores)
- viral disease ( vaccine ) | Scabs around the mouth and nose
205
Tail docking and castration when
Withing 1- several weeks | Lambs must be bonded first
206
Tail docking | Why and how
Prevent manure buildup and blowfly strike - correct length to reduce rectal/vaginal prolapse Methods - rubber bands Hot iron
207
Castration
Elastrator Burdizzo Knife Or seperate at 12 weeks from females
208
Record keeping
Key to an efficient operation | Makes cullling easier
209
Record
``` Animal identification Lambing date Lambing identification Number of lambs born and weaned Health or problems 50-100 day lamb weights ```
210
Adjusted weights
Age of dam Sex of lambs Age of lambs Type of birth and rearing WW=WW/ ( WWage*standard age at weaning* Adjusted factors (lamb, age of dame, sex))
211
Selection of replacement
Visual assessment Select ewes for good conformation Based on records - above weights, twins and ease of lambing

Sheep And Goat ANSC 355 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions