Midterm 1 Flashcards
(104 cards)
1
Q
Sexual Literacy
A
The knowledge and skills needed to promote and protect sexual well-being
2
Q
sexual well-being
A
Condition of experiencing good health, pleasure, and satisfaction in intimate relationships
3
Q
emotional well-being
A
the capacity to perceive and express feelings, especially as they surround intimate relationships
4
Q
sexual culture
A
how culture impacts sexual behavior and how we create sexual relationships`
5
Q
sexual norm
A
the standard of sexual behavior expected of people in a particular role, relationship, and situation
6
Q
cultural relativism
A
the viewing of people’s attitudes and behaviors in the context of their own culture
7
Q
cultural chauvinism
A
the belief that one’s sexual culture is superior to others
8
Q
sexual unlearning
A
the process of unlearning something about sexuality that may have been learned at a very young age
9
Q
vulva
A
broad term for exterior of the vagina
10
Q
introitus
A
vaginal opening
11
Q
mons veneris
A
1) fatty tissue over pubic bone with hair
2) lots of nerve endings
12
Q
labia majora
A
outer lips of the vulva
13
Q
labia minora
A
1) inner lips of the vulva
2) no hair, nerve endings, sensitivity helps with arousal, swells with arousal (temescuos) sweat glands help with friction
14
Q
vestibule
A
1) most inner part of the vulva
2) surrounds and partially covers urethra opening
15
Q
Perineum
A
1) skin between vaginal opening and anus
2) can be torn during child birth
16
Q
anus
A
1) sex organ
2) lining is fragile–tears easily–vulnerable to STDs
3) sensitive nerve endings
17
Q
clitoral hood
A
1) cap over the clitoris
2) if not cleaned can result in smegma
18
Q
glans of clitoris
A
only visible art of clitoris
19
Q
cura of clitoris
A
1) sole purpose is for arousal
2) more nerve endings than entire head of penis
3) clitoromegaly/ macrocliter–enlargement of clitoris , acquired, not the same as enlargement of clitoris for arousal
20
Q
vestibular bulbs
A
1) swell with blood during arousal
2) similar to male erection
3) external
21
Q
Bartholin’s gland
A
1) assist with horomone production
2) external
22
Q
Vagina
A
1) extends from opening to uteris
2) elastic/ muscular
3) 3-5 inches long, unaroused, lengthens and widens when aroused
4) birth canal, exit for menstrual bleeding, penetration
5) tenting effect
6) three tissue layers
mucous: lubrication
muscle: contracts
fibrous: connective tissue to other structures
23
Q
vaginal lubrication
A
1) changes vaginal PH to make less hostile for sperm
2) decreases friction during sex
24
Q
Grafenberg Spot
A
1) highly debated existence
2) most sensitive are of the vagina is 1-2 inches from opening
3) Skene’s glands–positioned next to the urethra, may be source of female ejaculation
25
cervix
1) very back of the vagina and covers the opening to the uterus
2) where blood comes through / where you get a pap smear
26
os
opening from vagina to uteris
27
uterus
1) womb
2) hollow pear shape that expands with consecutive childbirth and during pregnancy
three layers
1) perimetrium--outermost part
2) myometrium--middle muscular layer
3) endometrium--inner lining that sheds during menstrual cycle, where the fertilized egg implants
28
fallopian tubes
1) where the egg travels to the ovaries
29
fimbria
guides the ovum down to the uterus
30
ovaries
1) female testees, where eggs are born
2) up to 1 million immature ova at birth
3) 400 mature in ifetime
4) ovulation
31
female circumcision / female genital mutilation
1) most common in African and middle eastern cultures
| 2) removal of clitoris enhances beauty, women may be disloyal unless clit removed
32
Hormones
1) different types of chemical messengers that control and regulate body parts
33
hypothalamus
involved in the control of body temperature, hunger, thirst, and other processes that regulate body equilibrium
34
pituitary gland
master gland
35
Steroid hormones
1) testosterone--males, drops with age
| 2) Estrogen--females, stored in ody fat, women need body fat to have children and menstreual cycles
36
Gonads
1) pproduce steroid hormones
2) testees in males
3) overaies in femlaes
37
Neuropeptide hormones
1) attraction/ arousal
2) Oxytocin (love hormone)
3) facilitates flow of milk during breast feeding
4) elevates feelings of love and attraction whil cuddling
5) forms strong emotional bonds
38
Menarche
1) initial onset of menstruation
2) US 12 yrs
3) 1800s 17 yrs
39
Menstrual Physiology
1) flow is various from beginning to end (2-6 days)
2) Volum = 6-8 oz
3) duration varies (24-42)
4) Menstrual synchrony--pheromones? odorless chemical sgnals that create a behavioral response
40
3 Phases of the Menstrual Cycle
1) proliferative--thickening of endometrium, follicle maturation, end of pase = ovulation
2) secretory--corpus lateum development (progesterone), further thickening of endometrium
3) Menstrual--shedding of endometrium, third phase of ovulation
41
The menstrual cycle when triggered
1) hypothalamus monitors hormone levels: releases gonadotropin releasing hormones that stimulate pituitary gland
42
pituitary gland
1) produces follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)--stimulates overies and ova
2) Luteinizing hormone (LH)--stimulates development of corpus luteum
43
the breast
1) secondary sex characteristic
2) structures--mammary glands, areola, nipple (erection when stimulated)
3) Thelarche (first stage of breast development)--lump under areola
44
Menopause
1) time in a woman's life when menstruation eventually stops and the body goes through changes associated with menopause
2) 12 months without ovulation
45
Perimenopause
1) time around menopause when female body is undergoing changes associated with menopause
2) amounts of estrogen., progesterone, and testosterone produced by the body diminishes.
3) levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in the body increase
46
Urethral opening
1) pee and semen carried out
47
Penile shaft
1) contains three tubular cylinders of spongey tissue, between head and root
48
foreskin
covers penile glans
49
corpus cavernosa
1) inside, hollow tissue of the penis
50
corpus spongiosum
erectile tissue surrounding the urethra
51
penile glans
top of the penis, many nerve endings
52
root
where penis is anchored, erects from the root and is anchored with pelvic cavity
53
corona
rounded base of the penile glans, most sexually sensitive part of the penis
54
scrotum
located betteen penis and anus, hold spermoutside the body to regulate temperature
55
scrotal sac
holds the testiclews, delicate layer of skin that contains numerous sweat glands and hair follicles
56
tunica albuginea
a layer of connective tissue covering the testicles
57
spermatic cord
1) band in scrotum above testicles that anchors them
| 2) internal
58
Testis
1) production of male hormones and sperm
2) Cryptorchidism--when testicles don't extend out og the body
3) should distend witihin 6 months of birth
59
Underlying muscle structures of scrotum
1) Cremasteric muscle--wraps around aprematic cord and creates a sling for the testes
2) epididymis--tightly coiled tubular structure that connects the testees with the Vas Deferens
3) Vas Deferens--connects testicles with urethra
60
Function of testes
1) Spermatogenisis (sperm production)
61
Function of the seminiferous tubules
1) in testees specific sites where sperm is produced
62
Intersititial cells
1) found adjacent to the seminiferous tubules = in the testicle. They produce testosterone in the presence of luteinzing hormone (LH)
63
Epididymis
1) tube connecting testicle to Vas Deferens
| 2) sperm undergo maturation here
64
cremaster muscle
maintains ideal temperature for sperm production in climate
65
erection
1) nerve impulses from brain travel down to the erections centers on spinal cord
2) Nitric Oxide production signals the smooth muscle tissue in the penis to relax which allows boloof to enter the penile columns
3) The smooth muscel tissue in the corpus Cavernosa and Corpus spongiosum engorge with blood causing an erection (tumescence)
66
Breast Cancer
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risks
1) not having kids or having kids late
2) early menarche
3) late menopause
4) history of breast disease/cancer
5) overweight
6) hormone relppacement therapy/ oral contraceptive
7) alc
8) 65 and up
symptoms
1) new lump in breast or changes
2) persistent breast/nipple pain
3) flaky. red, or swollen skin anywhere n the breast
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67
Urinary Tract Infections
1) usually bacteria
| 2) can be infected from sexual intercourse
68
Vaginitis
1) Bacteriala vaginosis--results from overgrowth of one or more of several organsims typically present on the vagina
2) yeast infection--occurs when a naturally occurring fungus changes the normal environment in the vagina, m
3) trichomoniasis -- sexually transmitted protozoan parasite causing symptoms in women, but typically not in infected men
4) atrophic vaginitis--due to reduced estrogen levels resulting from menopause and can cause vaginal tissues to becom thinner and drier
69
gynecologic cancer
vaginal/ vulvar
| uterine
70
testicular cancer
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risk factors
1) cryptochorchidism
2) abnormal tesitcle development
3) family history
4) age
symptoms
1) lump or enlargement in either testicle
2) heavy feeling in the scrotum
3) dull ache in abdomen or groin
4) unexplained fatigue or general feeling of being ill
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71
prostate cancer
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risk
1) age
2) high testosterone
3) fam history
4) diet
5) race
Prostate Specific Androgen Test (PSA)
digital rectal exam
```
72
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
(PID)
1) iimportant consequence of STIs
2) progressive infection that harms a womans entire reproductive system
3) BC pill can reduce risk of contraction
73
Bacterial STDs/STIs
1) can be treated
2) Chlamydia, Gonnorrhea, Nongonococcal urethritis, syphilis
3) PID is a nonbacterial condition that is associated with bacterial STIs
74
Parasitic
1) can be treated, more of an infestation
| 2) trichomoniasis, scabies, pubic lice
75
viral
1) no cure symptoms can be alleviated with treatments
| 2) HIV, HPV (genital Warts), Herpes, Hepatitis
76
HSV-1
oral herpes
77
HSV-2
genital herpes
78
HPV
Human papilloma Virus (genital warts)
79
Gonnorhea
the clap
80
gonnorhea symptoms men
1) burning during urination
2) white, yellow, or green discharge from penis
3) presence of painful or swollen testicle
81
Gonnorhea symptoms Women
1) pain during urination
2) symptoms often mistaken for a bladder or vaginal infection
3) increased vaginal discharge
4) vaginal bleeding between periods
82
Chlamydia symptoms for men
1) discharge from penis
2) burning during urination
3) burning or itching around opening of penis
4) swelling and pain in testicles (not common)
83
chlamydia symptoms women
1) abnormal vaginal discharge
| 2) burning during urination
84
symptoms in primary stage of syphilis
1) appearance of single chancre
85
symprons in 2nd stage of suphils
1) skin rash
| 2) mucuos membrane lesions
86
syptoms in latent and late stages of syphilis
1) really bad shit
87
PID symptoms for women
1) lower ab pain
2) fever
3) unusual vaginal discharge that might have foul odor
4) painful intercourse/urination
55) irreg menstrual bleeding
88
scabies symptoms
intense itching and pimple like skin rash
89
pubic lice symptoms
itching in genital area and seeing nits or crawling lice on body
90
herpes symptoms
1) sores
2) flu-like symptoms
3) symptoms not always present
4) can ake susceptible to HIV
91
HPV symptoms
1) symptoms are rare, but can be gen warts/lesiosns
92
Hepatitis
yellow skin or eyes (Juandice) nausea, ab pain, fatigue, fever
93
HIV
1) found in blood semen vaginal secretions and breast milk
2) infects tcells(cd4 lymphocytes) in the Immune system and th CNS. HIV attacks T cells and immune systeme
steo ne infection, step 2 clinically asymptomatic stage, step 3 symptoms, 4 turns to Aids
94
AIDs
T cell count below 200
95
cervical barrier methods
1) diaphragm (dome covering cerviz and upper vag wall 6-20 percent failure rate)
2) cervical cap--cup like device with spermicide the covers cerviz 6--20 failure rate
3) lea's shield--silicone rubber device with spermicide cvers cerviz (6- 20 percent failure rate)
4) sponges--small pillow shaped polyutherine with lo
5) spermacides (alone) place in vagina less than 1 hour before intercourse 6--21% failure rate
96
Hormonal Pills
1) medication that can be taken orally and daily
2) most common estrogen and progestin
3) less than 1 % failure rate
97
injectables
1) intramuscular injection, repeated every 3 months. may delay fertility for 1 year, many side effects
2) less than 1% failure rate
98
Contraceptive implants
1) subdermal implant, usually in upper arm]2) releases progesterone
3) yrs
less than 1% fail
99
Contraceptive Patch
1) plastic patch placed on skin
2) releases estrogen and progestin
3) new patch once a week for 3 week then week off
4) less than 1% fail rate
100
Emregency Contraception
1) five days after sex but less efectve with time. not an abortion pill
2) 75 to 89% efffective
101
Intrauterine devices (IUD)
1) copper Iud
2) hormonal Iud
3) less than 1 fail
4) small t shape device inserted into uteris
102
female sterilization
1) fallopian tubes are cut, ties, or blocked
2) essure: small metallic implant
3) permanent but diifuclt to reverse
4) .4 fail
103
male sterilization
1) vasectomy--sealing of vas deferens
2) cheaper than female sterilization
3) perm bu sucesfful reversals can be achieved
0. 1-0.15 failure rate
104
fertility awareness
1) natural methods--tracking woman's physiological process
2) woman fertile for one day every monthe when egg is released during ovulation
3) sperm live inside womans body for 3-7 days
