Midterm 1 Flashcards
(78 cards)
1
Q
kithara
A
string, associated with balance, restraint, and Apollo
2
Q
aulos
A
wind, associated with partying, sex, and Dionysus, played with a Phorbeia
3
Q
mode (tonos)
A
scale of melodic environment within a diatonic octave characterized by a particular combination of whole and half steps
4
Q
doctrine of ethos
A
Music has the power to incite passions
5
Q
Pythagoras
A
WT
6
Q
Plato
A
WT
7
Q
Aristotle
A
WT
8
Q
The Psalter (Bk. of Psalms) 150 Pss.
A
Judaic Heritage
9
Q
psalmody responsorial
A
soloist sings and then choir responds
10
Q
psalmody antiphonal
A
group 1 sings and then group 2 sings
11
Q
antiphon
A
short chant at the beginning and end of the psalm
12
Q
doxology
A
“Glory to the Father and to the Son…
13
Q
Dialects of chant
A
- Roman (one for the pope and one for the people)
- Ambrosian (Milan)
- Beneventen (Southern Italy)
- Gallican (Gaul)
- Mozarabic (Spain)
14
Q
Charlemagne
A
wrote music
pope gregory
15
Q
Charlemagne
A
wrote music
pope gregory
gregorian myth
16
Q
neumes (heighted & unheighted)
A
chant notation
17
Q
The Divine Office
A
Liturgical day
18
Q
Matins, Lauds, Vespers
A
midnight, dawn, sunset
19
Q
Proper Chants
A
Introit Gradual Alleluia Offertory Communion
20
Q
Ordinary Chants
A
Kyrie Gloria Credo Sanctus Agnus Dei
21
Q
The Mass (Eucharist)
A
Proper and ordinary
22
Q
Liturgical Year
A
Proper of the time
Proper of the saints
23
Q
Proper of the Time
A
All Sundays
Special Feasts
24
Q
Proper of the Saints
A
dedicated to the saints
25
Liturgical Books
Missal, Breviary, Gradual, Antiphoner, Liber usualis
26
Trope
preface to, or interpolation within, a regular chant item
| *All tropes abolished by the Council of Trent (1545-63)
27
Sacred (or “Liturgical”) drama
chant and theatrical
28
“Quem queritis” (Whom do you seek?)
IDK
29
Sequence
free standing composition probably sung after the Alleluia at Mass
30
Hildegard of Bingen
mystic who wrote monophonic music
31
Boethius (3 kinds of music)
b. Musica mundana (music of the heavenly bodies, not audible)
c. Musica humana (human music - the relationships between people, not audible)
Musica instrumentalis (vocal and instrumental music, sounding music)
32
music of the spheres
IDK
33
monochord
medieval technology, wooden box with a single string and a movable bridge
34
monochord
medieval technology, wooden box with a single string and a movable bridge
35
Guido of Arezzo
most read pedagogue of the entire middle ages, second most read theorist
36
staff
4 lines?
37
solmization
a system of associating each note of a scale with a particular syllable
38
Ut queant laxis
Do a deer for gregorian chant, famous for the solmization
39
gamut (Guidonian diatonic)
complete series of overlapping hexachords [The Medieval Gamut]
40
hexachord
- Natural - C D E F G A
- Soft - F G A Bb C A
- Hard - G A B C D E
41
Guidonian hand
a hand that is used to represent musical space
42
Church modes
1. Protus authentic (D E F G A B C D)
2. Protus plagal (A B C D E F G A)
3. Deuterus authentic (E F G A B C D E)
4. Deuterus plagal (B C D E F G A B )
5. Tritus authentic (F G A B C D E F)
6. Tritus plagal (C D E F G A B C)
7. Tetrardus authentic (G A B C D E F G)
8. Tetrardus plagal (D E F G A B C D)
43
authentic/plagal
Authentic: extends from final to octave above
Plagal: extends from 4th below to 5th above final
44
final
final note
45
Psalm-tone
intonation, reciting tone, mediation, reciting tone, termination (recipe for psalm tone)
46
goliards
Latin songs created by university students of the 11th and 12th centuries
47
Carmina Burana
Latin texts German, drinking, sex, gambling
48
Chanson de geste
Vernacular texts, Epic narrative peoms recounting deeds of heros
49
jongleurs
people who sang chanson de geste
50
minstrels
???
51
courtly love
Aristocratic, Ritualistic, Adulturous, Literary
52
Eleanor of Aquitaine
troubadors, granddaughter
53
troubadours
southern france, above the jongleurs
54
langue d’oc (Provençal)
language that became modern france
55
Bernart de Ventadorn
???
56
trouvères
northern france,
57
trobairitz
female troubador
58
Countess of Dia
???
59
Minnesingers
Germany, singers of courtly love,
60
Albigensian Crusade (1208-12)
???
61
Musica enchiriadis (ca. 900)
a manual, earliest source of polyphony but probably not the creation of polyphony
62
strict organum (parallel organum)
???
63
free organum
???
64
Notre-Dame organum
???
65
Leonin
???
66
Magnus liber organi (“Big book of organum”; Graduals, Alleluias, Responsories)
???
67
pedal-point style (organum purum)
???
68
pedal-point style (organum purum)
when the plain chant is syllabic, the chant voice is sustaining and the other voice is moving above it in a florid style
69
discant style (discant clausula)
when the plain chant is mellismatic, both voices moving at the same rate
70
rhythmic modes
1. long - short
2. short - long
3. long - short - short
4. short - long - long
5. long - long
6. short - short - short
71
Perotin
???
72
Perotin
1. recomposition of organum puran in discant style
2. substitute clausula
3. 3 and 4 voice organum
73
substitute clausula
different organa you insert into the chant
74
organum triplum/quadruplum
three or four voice organum ???
75
conductus
latin text, homorhythmic, newly composed tenor, syllabic text
76
motet
french, tenor is untexted
77
Franco of Cologne (ca. 1280?)
???
78
Franco of Cologne (ca. 1280?)
first measured notation
