Midterm 1

Question 1

what is catabolism vs anabolism?

Answer 1

catabolism - Degredation of complex nutrient molecules

Anabolism - assembly of varied and complex bio molecules from simpler precursors

Question 2

bioenergetics is?

Answer 2

quantitative study of energy transformations in biological systems

Question 3

Spontaneous direction is always _____ equilibrium

Answer 3

towards

Question 4

what is the first law of thermodynamics?

Answer 4

• energy can neither be created nor destroyed
• energy can only change forms or be transferred from one region to another
• in any process in an isolated system the total energy remains the same

Question 5

what is the second law of thermodynamics?

Answer 5

in all natural processes the entropy of the universe increases

Question 6

what is gibbs free energy?

Answer 6

amount of energy capable of doing work during a reaction at constant temperature and pressure (J/mol)

Question 7

enthalpy is?

Answer 7

heat constant of the system (J/mol)

Question 8

entropy is?

Answer 8

measure of randomness of the system (joules/mol*K)

Question 9

all chemical reactions are influenced by what two forces?

Answer 9

1. tendancy to acheive the most stable bonding state

2. tendancy to achieve the highest degree of randomness

Question 10

if delta H is + this is ______ because hydrogen bonds are breaking

Answer 10

unfavorable

Question 11

is delta S is + this is ____________ because H20 molecules are more disordered than ice

Answer 11

favorable

Question 12

exergonic processes are energy ______ and proceed ____________

Answer 12

yielding, spontaneously

Question 13

endergonic processes are energy _________ and cannot proceed ___________

Answer 13

requiring, cannot proceed spontaneously