Midterm #1

Question 1

Republic

Answer 1

a. Who:
i. There were many different types of republics it depended on the colony.
b. What:
i. 13 forms of government created under the Articles of Confederation
c. Where:
i. In the colonies of the early republic.
d. When:
i. Late 18th century
e. Significance?
i. Colonies each began creating their own republics, these were signs of finding a way to govern them selves and get them selves back together after the revolution.

Question 2

Articles of Confederation

Answer 2

a. Who: people of the 13 colonies
b. What:
i. Establishment of 13 separate republics
ii. Focus on state sovereignty
iii. Firm league of friendship harmony and virtue.
iv. Wanted to through off monarchy and become republics
c. Where:
i. The 13 colonies
d. When:
i. Was ratified in 1781
e. Significance?
i. Under the Articles of confederation they had changed from subject to citizens. Subjects look up to master but citizens are so far equal.

Question 3

Declaration of Independence

Answer 3

a. Who:
i. Drafted by Thomas Jefferson
b. What:
i. it was drafted to ask for independence from the King of England.
c. Where:
i. Assembly Room, Philadelphia State House
d. When:
i. 1776
e. Significance?
i. Because it lead to our independence from King George.

Question 4

Enlightenment

Answer 4

a. Who:
i. Led by intellectuals in the 17th and 18th century
b. What:
i. A cultural movement.
ii. Opposed to tyrannical rule in which the people were subjects to the masters.
c. Where: Within the colonies
d. When:
i. 17th and 18th century
e. Significance?
i. In the colonies, it challenged Britain’s traditional monarchical society through reason, promoted thought, skepticism, an intellectual interchange.

Question 5

Shay’s Rebellion

Answer 5

a. Who:
i. Several Farmers
b. What:
i. An uprising of several thousand farmers
c. Where:
i. In Western Massachusetts
d. When:
i. Winter of 1786-1787
e. Significance?
i. It paved the path to the constitution but through showing how weak the current form of government under the Articles of Confederation was.

Question 6

Anti-Federalists

Answer 6

a. Who:
i. Key Figures: James Monroe, George Mason, Richard Henry Lee, Patrick Henry.
b. What:
i. Fear of tyranny of the aristocrats
ii. Opposed strong federal government at the expense of states rights
iii. Want an amendment to the constitution to protect the states and the people (Bill of Rights).
c. Where:
i. The 13 colonies
d. When:
i. Late 18th century
e. Significance?
i. The anti-federalists were against the constitution and for them to agree with the federalist the federalists needed to add a bill of rights so the anti-federalists could agree with the Philadelphia constitution.

Question 7

Federalists

Answer 7

a. Who:
i. Key names: Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, John Jay
b. What:
i. Fear of the tyrannical majority
ii. Wish: stronger central government led by liberally educated enlightened men (disinterested gentlemen)
iii. Example 1: Virginia Plan
1. Madison questioned majority rule, believed that it should be judicially based.
2. He believed in a disinterested party judging.
3. He introduced a 3 part government (envisioned a stronger legislature)
iv. Example 2: Hamilton Plan
1. Proposal focused more strongly on commerce and the economy.
2. Very pro war, he wanted to build up the US on a world stage.
c. Where:
i. In the 13 colonies
d. When:
i. Late 18th century
e. Significance?
i. Their efforts of writing the federalist’s papers lead to the ratification of the constitution.

Question 8

Bill of Rights

Answer 8

a. Who:
i. Anti federalists wanted, James Madison introduced it.
b. What:
i. Anti federalist wanted this added to protect the rights of the people and the state.
c. Where:
i. Virginia
d. When:
i. Ratified in 1791
e. Significance?
i. It established an absolute standard of rights that every citizen would have.

Question 9

Compromise of 1790

Answer 9

a. Who:
i. North and south Colonies
b. What:
i. a compromise that promised that the south would get the capitol city in Virginia in exchange for paying off state debts.
c. Where:
i. Within the 13 colonies
d. When:
i. 1790
e. Significance?
i. It lead to the establishment of the capitol Washington D.C.

Question 10

Hamilton’s Bank

Answer 10

a. Who: Alexander Hamilton
b. What:
i. Help stabilize and improve national credit
ii. Improve presence on world stage
iii. Private company with 20 year charger (1791-1811)
c. Where:
i. Pennsylvania
d. When:
i. Late 18th century
e. Significance?
i. The BUS would create standard form of money and prevent the usage of foreign money.

Question 11

Whiskey’s Rebellion

Answer 11

a. Who:
i. Western farmers
b. What:
i. The Whiskey Rebellion was a citizen revolt against a 1791 tax on whiskey.
c. Where:
i. Pennsylvania
d. When:
i. 1794
e. Significance?
i. The military suppression of the Whiskey Rebellion set a precedent that U.S. citizens who wished to change the law had to do so peacefully through constitutional means; otherwise, the government would meet any threats to disturb the peace with force.

Question 12

Alien & Sedition Acts

Answer 12

a. Who:
i. The Federalists
b. What:
i. The four acts made it harder for foreigners to become citizens, gave the President power to deport anyone of suspicion, and made malicious or false writing about government officials illegal.
c. Where: in the 5th US congress right after the French revolution.
d. When:
i. 1798
e. Significance?
i. took away civil liberties of the people and violated the first amendment: freedom of speech and press.

Question 13

XYZ Affair

Answer 13

a. Who: Americans and French
b. What:
i. Adams send envoy
ii. Envoy refuses to meet France’s demands (XYZ) for a meeting
iii. April 1798: France’s demands go public in the U.S.
iv. Americans Outraged
c. Where:
i. America
d. When:
i. 1798
e. Significance?
i. President Adams gains approval and Federalists overwhelmingly win 1798 elections

Question 14

Virginia Resolution of 1798

Answer 14

a. Who:
i. Virginians
b. What:
i. A resolution adopted by Virginia State. Basically says that they support the constitution. Questioned how power was dived up between government and state. Declared the Alien and Sedition acts unconstitutional.
c. Where:
i. Virginia
d. When:
i. 1798
e. Significance?
i. It gave states the right to object to what the government had to say

Question 15

Election of 1800

Answer 15

a. Who:
i. Federalists v. Jeffersonian
b. What:
i. An election that was tied Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr and it had to go to the House of Representatives. Jefferson WON.
c. Where:
i. House of Representatives
d. When:
i. 1800
e. Significance?
i. The election of 1800 is significant because it was marked the first time that one party had replaced another in power in the United States
ii. The election of 1800 is significant because of the problems with the voting system led Congress to propose the Twelfth Amendment, which a separate ballot for President and Vice President

Question 16

Freneau’s National Gazette

Answer 16

a. Who:
i. Philip Freneau Thomas Jefferson and James Madison
b. What:
i. Democratic-Republican partisan newspaper
ii. Questioned Federalist administration
iii. Presented Jefferson as the keeper of Republicanism
c. Where:
i. US
d. When:
i. 1791
e. Significance?
i. The National Gazette was used as a vehicle to criticize Federalist policies and politicians

Question 17

William Findley

Answer 17

a. Who:
i. William a Farmer and politician
b. What:
i. Spokesman for the market farmers, shopkeepers, traders and paper money borrowers who represented the future dominant force of American society, didn’t hesitate to lash out on the federalists for promoting a government where none but the great will be chosen
c. Where:
i. Pennsylvania
d. When:
i. Late 18th century
e. Significance?

Question 18

British Impressment

Answer 18

a. Who:
i. British and soldiers from other British colonies
b. What:
i. Forced “recruitment” of sailors into the British Navy. Need more soldier for navy they decide to supplement navy with kidnappees
c. Where:
i. Britain
d. When:
i. Late 18th century
e. Significance?
i. One of the causes of the war of 1812.

Question 19

Leopard-Chesapeake Affair

Answer 19

a. Who: British and US
b. What: The British leopard ship wanted to search the USS Chesapeake ship the USS refused and the British fired shots and wounded and killed a few, USS surrendered the British searched the ships and found 4 deserters and arrested them.
c. Where: Port Chesapeake, Virginia
d. When: 1807
e. Significance?

Question 20

Embargo Act of 1807

Answer 20

a. Who:
i. America
b. What:
i. This law stopped all trade between America and any other country.
c. Where:
i. America
d. When:
i. 1807
e. Significance?
i. The act increased capital and labor in the New England textile and other manufacturing industries, lessening America’s reliance on England.

Question 21

Old Ironsides

Answer 21

a. Who: Oliver Wendell Holmes
b. What: A poem written in tribute to the USS Constitution.
c. Where:
d. When: 1830
e. Significance?
i. Without this poem, the ship would have been decommissioned the ship is now the oldest commissioned ship still afloat.

Question 22

Treaty of Fort Jackson

Answer 22

a. Who: Settlers and Indians
b. What: It was a treaty signed to end the war with the Creek native americans
c. Where: Alabama
d. When: 1814
e. Significance?
i. The Creeks lost 23 million acres of their land in present-day Alabama and Georgia to the United States.

Question 23

Francis Scott Key’s “Star Spangled Banner”

Answer 23

a. Who: Francis Scott Key
b. What: A poem written after witnessing things of the war of 1812.
c. Where: US
d. When: 1814
e. Significance?
i. Written to the tune of a British drinking song. Americans wanted to be so free from Britain but yet they adapt a national Anthem to a British song.

Question 24

Panic of 1819

Answer 24

a. Who: US
b. What:
i. Was the first major financial crisis in the United States It was brought on by the Embargo Act and the War of 1812.
ii. It caused mass bank failures, unemployment shot up, and a slump in agriculture and manufacturing.
c. Where:
i. America
d. When:
i. 1819
e. Significance?
i. Less exports were going into Europe from America because of the Panic.

Question 25

Adams-Onis Treaty

Answer 25

a. Who: US and Spain
b. What:
i. it was a treaty that helped set the border between the US and Spain back in 1819
c. Where: US
d. When: 1819
e. Significance?
i. It settles the border disputes between Spain and US.

Question 26

Monroe Doctrine (1823)

Answer 26

a. Who: James Monroe
b. What: it warned European nations not to get involved in political matters in Central and South America and in turn US would no get involved with European affairs.
c. Where: US
d. When: 1823
e. Significance? it showed America’s desire to be viewed as an international power

Question 27

Missouri Compromise 1820

Answer 27

a. Who: North and South US
b. What:
i. An agreement between the North and the South and passed by Congress in 1820 that allowed Missouri to be admitted as the 24th state in 1821
c. Where: US
d. When: 1820
e. Significance?
i. It became precedent for settling subsequent North and South disagreements over slavery and duty issues, and it remained in effect until rescindby the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854

Question 28

Lowell, Massachusetts

Answer 28

a. Who: US
b. What:
i. The prime example of production for profit new industrial order
c. Where: Massachusetts
d. When: early 19th century
e. Significance?

Question 29

Erie Canal

Answer 29

a. Who: North US
i. What: Began at Lake Erie in the west and arrived in Albany I the east.
ii. Paid for entirely by state (taxes, etc.)
b. Where: Lake Erie
c. When: 1817-1825
d. Significance?
i. Contributed to NYC prosperity and introduced NY interior to commercial trade

Question 30

Shreve’s Enterprise

Answer 30

a. Who:
i. Shreve
b. What:
i. Used to take 3-4 months to travel upstream
ii. Made the 2,200 mile trip in 54 days (34 DAYS OF ACTUAL TRAVEL)
iii. Shreve was the first to travel upstream in a steam boat.
c. Where: New Orleans
d. When: 1815
e. Significance?
i. It changed the way people traded, people were able to save time and also they could travel both ways without losing money

Question 31

Wage Labor

Answer 31

a. Who: American
b. What:
i. Workers sells labor under contract (income reliant on market BUT “free”)
c. Where: US
d. When: Early 19th Century
e. Significance?
i. Wage labor redefining politics

Question 32

1836 Mill Strike

Answer 32

a. Who: Women in Lowell
b. What:
i. Strikes of cotton-factory operatives, women went on strike when it was announced that wages would be cut, the women went on strike and the mill shutdown.
c. Where: Lowell, Massachusetts
d. When: 1836
e. Significance? Lead to the women suffrage movement

Question 33

The Chattel Principle

Answer 33

a. Who: Slaves in the US
b. What:
i. Slaves were not people; they were the property whose value was determined by their ability to work and/or breed.
c. Where: US
d. When: 19th century
e. Significance?

Question 34

Dependencies

Answer 34

a. Who: Plantation Owners
b. What:
i. Plantations used dependencies
ii. Used to help make the plantations self-sufficient.
iii. Blacksmith, nailery, washhouse etc.
c. Where: the South
d. When: Early19th Century
e. Significance?
i. The plantation were able to be run on their own with no outside help.

Question 35

Eli Whitney

Answer 35

a. Who:
i. Eli Whitney
b. What:
i. Created the cotton gin
ii. One of the key inventions of the Industrial Revolution and shaped the economy of the Antebellum South
c. Where: South
d. When: 1807
e. Significance?
i. Even though it was invented and speed up the cotton picking process thought to lower the number of slaves needed it actually made the south want more slaves to help them produce lots of cotton.

Question 36

Great Migration

Answer 36

a. Who: Americans
b. What:
i. North=king of industry and small farms
ii. South=king of cotton economy.
iii. Post war of 1812 land boom in Mississippi, Arkansas, Florida, and Louisiana
iv. Healthy, “unused” soil
c. Where: America
d. When: Early 19th century
e. Significance?

Question 37

Cotton Kingdon

Answer 37

a. Who: Southern Plantation owners
b. What:
i. Soaring cotton production in the old Southwest.
ii. 73,000 bales (1800)
iii. 730,000 bales (1820)
iv. Leading cotton producer in the world
v. Extreme manual labor required for cotton→ “necessity” of slavery
c. Where: South
d. When: Early 19th Century
e. Significance?
i. Cotton production booted so much that they relied on slaves.

Question 38

Cane Ridge Camp Meeting

Answer 38

a. Who: Americans
b. What: a camp meeting held during the second great awakening
c. Where: Kentucky
d. When: 1801
e. Significance?
i. Churches joined up and had this revival started off

Question 39

Burned Over District

Answer 39

a. Who: Americans
i. What: was the religious scene in the western and central regions of New York in the early 19th century, where religious revivals and Pentecostal movements of the Second Great Awakening took place
b. Where: New York
c. When: 19th Century
d. Significance?
i. Started religious sects, spiritualism & support for women’s rights & anti-slavery.